Basic Linux Terminal Tips and Tricks: Learn to Work Quickly on the Command Line

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1: Linux Primer
	What Is Linux
	Unix vs. Linux
	POSIX Standard
	Choosing a Distro
		Branches of OSs
		Debian
			Ubuntu
			Kali
			Mint
			PopOS
		Fedora
			RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
			CentOS
		Slackware
			OpenSUSE
		Arch
			Manjaro
		Gentoo
		Alpine Linux
	Common Commands
	Reading the Manual with the man Command
		Numbered man Pages
	Useful Commands for Navigating
	Navigating the Filesystem with ls and cd
	Invisible Files (dot files)
	Get Current Directory with pwd
	Make a Directory
	Recursively Make Directories
	Delete a Directory
	Working with Files
	Editing Files
		Commands for Working with Files
		Create Files or Update Timestamps with the touch Utility
		Get File Contents with Cat
		Get Less Content with Head or Tail
		Copying Files with cp
		Removing Files with rm
		Moving Files with mv
		Interactively View File Contents with Less
		Comparing Files
		Compare with Comm Command
		Compare with Cmp Command
		Compare with Diff Command
		ColorDiff Even Better Than Diff
		Get File Type
	Command Information with type, which, whereis, or locate
	More on Sudo
		Less Pipe
			Update/Install Less Pipe
			Regular Use of Less
			Opening PDFs with Less Pipe
			Opening Compressed Folder with Less Pipe
			Image Metadata with Less Pipe
			Other Files with Lesspipe
	Scheduling Processes with Cron Jobs
	Summary
Chapter 2: File/Folder Navigation
	Basics
	inodes
	Get Current Location
	Symbolic Links
	Hard Links
		Navigation Stack with pushd and popd
	Ranger
	File Structure Visualization with Tree
	Navigate Filesystem with Vim
	Summary
Chapter 3: History and Shortcuts
	History
	Bash Shortcuts
		Emacs vs. Vim Keyboard Bindings
		Reverse Search
		File Globbing or Wildcards
	Summary
Chapter 4: Scripts and Pipes
	Creating Scripts
		Shebang
	File Permissions
	File Types
	Pipes
	Multiple Pipelines
	Chain Commands with && and ||
		Exit Codes for && and ||
		Using && with ||
	Redirects
		Redirect and Pipe at Once with tee
		xargs
	Conditional Expressions in Bash
		Is a Directory with -d
		Is a Normal File with -f
		Check if File Exists with -e
		Check if Exists and Size Greater Than 0 with -s
		Check if Exists and is an Executable with -x
		Check Value Is a String of Length 0 with -z
		Check Value Is a Non-empty String with -n
		Check That Strings Are Equal
		Check That Strings Are Not Equal
		Check String Sort Order
		Check If Numbers Are Equal
		Check If Numbers Are Not Equal
		Check If a Number Is Less Than
		Check If a Number Is Less Than or Equal
		Check If a Number Is Greater Than
		Check If a Number Is Greater Than or Equal
	Arithmetic with Double Parentheses
		Subshell with Parentheses
		Expansion with Curly Brace
	Loop in Bash
		While Loops
		Until Loops
	Quotes in Bash
		Command Substitution Using Backtick
	Defining Functions
	Source Code from a File
	Summary
Chapter 5: Using SSH
	History of SSH
	Basic SSH Use
		Keypairs with ssh-keygen
		PEM and Other Key Files
		Disable Password Login on Server
		Server Nicknames with SSH Config File
	Run a Command on Connection
	Break a Hanging SSH Session
	stty sane
	Stop SSH Hanging
	SSH Tunneling
	Local SSH Tunnel
	Create a SOCKS Proxy with SSH
	Reverse SSH Tunnel
	Serving a Website over Reverse Proxy
	SSH Proxy Jump
	Change Default Port on SSH Server
	Open Firewall
	Modify sshd_config
	Summary
Chapter 6: File Transfer
	FTP
	SFTP
	SCP
	Rsync
		Set Up Cron Job for Rsync
		Two-Way Sync with Unison
			Automatically Sync When File Changed with Unison
			Unison Settings File
			Create a Service to Keep Unison Running
	Summary
Chapter 7: Network Scanning
	Check Connection with Ping
	arp-scan Method
	nmap Method
	View Open Ports
	Devices and Ports at Once
		Easy but Slow
		Faster Method
		OS Detection
	Scanning the Internet with masscan
	Run Scripts with nmap
	traceroute Script
	http-enum Script
	Write Your Own Script for nmap
	Wireshark/tshark
	More Network Tools
		Dig
		Netstat (Deprecated)
		ifconfig (Deprecated)
		arp (Deprecated)
		route (Deprecated)
		ip
		ss
		ngrep
		traceroute
		mtr
		nc
		nft – nftables
		iptables (Deprecated)
		sysctl
		ethtool
		whois
		lsof
		hping
		socat
	Summary
Chapter 8: System Monitoring
	Top
	Top-Like Programs
		htop
		atop
		iftop
		ntop
		iotop
		slabtop
	More on Viewing Processes
	Kill a Process
	Visualize Process Tree with pstree
	Process Nice Value
	Other Priority Systems
	Change Nice Value
	Zombie Process
	Check Available Disk Space
	Find Largest Files on System
	Monitor Device Network Use
		bmon – Monitor Each Network Interface
		nethogs – List Programs by Bandwidth Use
		iftop
	Other Programs for Monitoring
		sysstat
		Load Average
		Users
	Log Folder
		Other sysstat Utilities
		vmstat
		r – Threads Waiting for Runtime
		b – Threads Blocked by I/O
		swpd – Total Swap Used
		free – Total Free Memory
		buff – Memory Used in Buffers
		cache – Memory Used as Cache
		si – Memory Swapped In from Disk
		so – Memory Swapped Out from Disk
		bi – Blocks Received from Block Device
		bo – Blocks Sent to Block Device
		in – Interrupts per Second
		cs – Context Switches
		us – Time Spent Running Non-kernel Code
		sy – Time Spent Running Kernel Code
		id – Time Spent Idle
		wa – Time Spent Waiting for I/O
		st – Time Stolen from Virtual Machine
		nmon
	Advanced Network Monitoring with Snort
	Nagios
	Summary
Chapter 9: Hardware Details and /dev
	Commands for Hardware Details
	The /dev/ Folder
	Special Files in the /dev/ Folder
	Teletypewriter
	stdin, stdout, and stderr
	/dev/null
	/dev/random and /dev/urandom
	/dev/zero
	What Is the Kernel?
	Getting Kernel Version
	Configure and Mount a Drive
	Delete Partition
	Create Partition
	Format Partition
	Mount Partition
	System Link from Partition to ~/
	Making Mounted Partition Persistent
		lm-sensor
		inxi
		dmidecode
	Summary
Chapter 10: Parsing Text
	grep
	cut
	uniq
	sort
	Regex
	awk
	sed
	Using JQ to Work with JSON
	Summary
Chapter 11: systemd
	systemctl
	Stop, Start, Disable, and Enable Services
		Stop a Service
		Get Status of a Service
		Start a Service
		Disable a Service
		Enable a Service
	Unit Files
	Find Running Services
	journalctl
	journalctl – Parsing by Time
	Other Init Systems
	SysV Init
	Upstart
	Summary
Chapter 12: Vim
	Modes
	Common Commands
	Using Help Command
	Compound Commands
	Selecting with Visual Mode
	Vim Tutor
	Find Text
	Find and Replace
	Run a Command
	Vim Sort Command
	Show and Hide Line Numbers
	Swap Files
	Summary
Chapter 13: Emacs
	Installing Emacs
	Vim Bindings aka Emacs Evil Mode
	Built-in Tutorial
	Run Emacs in Terminal
	Hints with which-key-mode
	Emacs Artist Mode
	Org-Mode
	Tables in Org-Mode
	Export from Org-Mode
	Org-Agenda
	Sync Org-Agenda with Google Calendar
	Outline Presentation Mode
	Emacs TRAMP
	Other Modes
	Summary
Chapter 14: Configure Bash
	Configuration Scripts
	.bashrc_profile or .profile
	.bashrc
	.bash_logout
	Global Versions
	Useful Configs for .bashrc
	Defining Aliases
	Custom Functions
	Adding to PATH
	Changing PS1 Prompt
	PS2, PS3, and PS4
	Themes
	Live Clock in Terminal
	Run a Program on Open
	Importing a File
	.inputrc
	Other Dotfiles
	Summary
Chapter 15: Tmux Workflow
	Background Scripts
	Background Scripts with Tmux
	Tmux with SSH
	Named Sessions
	Switching Tmux Sessions
	Killing Sessions
	Windows in Sessions
	Pane Splitting
	Clock Mode
	Help Page
	Customize with .tmux.conf
	Configure Color and Style
	Change Status Bar Contents
	Remap Commands
	Screen Sharing with Tmux
	Theme Packs
	Tmuxinator
	Summary
Chapter 16: Terminal Tools for Working with Images and Videos
	ImageMagick
	Creating an Image with Text
	Getting Image Information
	Label an Image
	ffmpeg
	Convert File Types
	Compress a Video
	Slow Down a Video
	Trim a Video
	Increase Volume in a Video
	Download Videos with youtube-dl
	Creating Charts with gnuplot
	gnuplot to Image File
	Advanced Examples/Demo Folder
	Startup Animation
	Make a Custom Boot Animation
	Summary
Chapter 17: Extras
	Cal
	espeak
	Improve Sound of espeak Voice
	Output espeak to Audio File
	Math on the Command Line
	Tiling Window Managers
	Creating Tiles
	Change Tile in Focus
	Move Tiles
	Workspaces in i3wm
	Floating Tiles
	Full-Screen Mode
	Modifying i3wm Config File
	Bind Keys in i3wm Config
	Change Colors in i3wm Config
	i3status Config File
	Alternative Shells
	Z Shell
	Oh My ZSH
	Fish
	Remapping Keys
	clear capslock
	Custom Shortcuts with Xbindkeys
	Additional Resources
	Summary
Index