Basic Income in Korea and Beyond: Social, Economic, and Theological Perspectives

Preface
Contents
List of Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	1 Goal and Range of Research
	2 Research Methodology and Comparison with Preceding Research
		2.1 Research Methodology
		2.2 Literature Review
		2.3 Basic Income in Korea
		2.4 Content of Research
		2.5 The Significance of the Study
Part I Biblical Implication Regarding Basic Income
2 Two Foundations of the Theory of Basic Income: Natural Rights and Biblical Laws
	1 Introduction
	2 The Constitution of the Republic of Korea and Its Stated Economic Democratization
	3 “A Social State” Summoned by the COVID-19 Pandemic
	4 Thomas Paine’s Proposal of Basic Income
		4.1 Contemporary Proponents of Basic Income
		4.2 Paine’s Idea of Agrarian Justice vis-à-vis John Locke’s Idea of Agrarian Law
		4.3 Thomas Paine’s Agrarian Justice as Basis for Basic Income
	5 The Biblical Foundation of Basic Income—Land Theology in the Hebrew Bible
		5.1 Three Tenets of the Hebrew Bible’s Land Theology and Its Sociopolitical Implications
		5.2 Just Use of Land as a Test Stone of Israel’s Covenantal Loyalty to God
		5.3 Deuteronomy 15:1–11 and the Universal Rights of the People of Israel to Land
	6 Conclusion
	Bibliography
3 A Reflection for “Anyone Unwilling to Work” (2 Thessalonians 3:10) from the Perspective of Basic Income
	1 Preface
	2 Methodological Premise for Reflection
	3 The World Behind the Text
		3.1 Economic Situation of “Anyone Unwilling to Work”
		3.2 Concern for the Poor to “Anyone Unwilling to Work”
		3.3 The Imperial Situation of “Anyone Unwilling to Work”
	4 The World Within the Text
		4.1 Economic Independence in Paul’s Epistles and Acts
		4.2 Economic Solidarity in Paul’s Epistles and Acts
		4.3 Economic Substitution in Paul's Epistles and Acts
		4.4 “Anyone Unwilling to Work” in 2 Thessalonians 3:6–12
	5 The World in Front of the Text
	6 Conclusion
	References
Part II Church Historical, Ethical and Feminist Theological Approach on Basic Income
4 Basic Income Based on Luther and Calvin’s Economic Thoughts: Focusing on the Jubilee Thought
	1 Introduction
	2 Ownership for the Sake of Neighbor Love and Resolving the Poverty at the Institutional Level
	3 A Righteous Economic Thought Based on Equity and Justice
	4 Restitution of the Rent Income and Unearned Income
	5 Jubilee Thoughts Appearing in Calvin’s Economic Thoughts
	6 Conclusion
	References
5 The Necessity and Directivity of Basic Income from the Perspective of Christian Ethics: Focusing on the Ethics of the Other
	1 Introduction
	2 South Korean Society’s Critical Evaluation of the Social Contribution of Christianity
	3 Other-Centeredness Revealed in the Ownership from the View of the Bible and Church Traditions
	4 The Ethics of the Other, Basic Income, and Freedom
	5 Concluding Reflection
	References
6 A Discourse on Basic Income from the Perspectives of Reformed Spirituality and Feminist Theology
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Income from Reformed Principles and Feminist Perspectives
		2.1 The Swiss Reformation and Its Principles
			2.1.1 Background of the Swiss Reformation Related to the Mercenary System of the Sixteenth Century
			2.1.2 Commonwealth and Labor from the Perspective of Zwingli
			2.1.3 From Charity to Public Assistance and Universal Welfare
		2.2 Basic Income Discourse from a Feminist Theological Perspective
			2.2.1 The Situation of Gender Inequality in Labor and Basic Income
			2.2.2 Rethinking Reformed Theological Perception on Labor and Basic Income
	3 Closing Remarks
	References
Part III Socio Ethical Suggestion and Social Scientist Approaches Toward Realization of Basic Income
7 A Social Ethical Concept of Ecological-Oriented Basic Income-Based on the Plan of Income Distribution at the Level of National Economy
	1 Preface
	2 Ecological and Social Justice
		2.1 The Relationship Between Social and Ecological Justice from the Perception of Energy-Material Cycle Between Ecosystem and Economic System
		2.2 Economic Democracy as an Institutional Basis for Realizing Social and Ecological Justice
	3 The Fundamental Problem of the Green New Deal
		3.1 The Green New Deal of the Korean Government
		3.2 Green New Deals Promoted in the European Union and the United States
	4 A Concept on Linking Ecosystem Conservation and Basic Income
		4.1 Model for Combination of Ecosystem Conservation and Basic Income
		4.2 Distribution of Surplus Value of Capital
		4.3 Basic Principles of Income Distribution
		4.4 About Political Implications of Social and Ecological Income Distribution
		4.5 The Legitimacy of Basic Income with Ecological Orientation
	5 Conclusion
	References
8 Left and Right Basic Income Models and an Alternative: The Variable Basic Income
	1 Introduction: Three Basic Income Models
	2 Left Basic Income Model and Sufficient Payment
		2.1 Basic Income to Guarantee “Real Freedom for All”
		2.2 Influence of “The Theory of Sufficient Basic Income” on Korea
	3 Right Basic Income Model and Welfare Cost Reduction
		3.1 Milton Friedman’s Negative Income Tax
		3.2 Oh Se-Hoon’s Safe Income and Yoo Seung-Min’s Fair Income
	4 The Orthodox Basic Income Model and the Variable Basic Income
		4.1 Basic Income Theories of Thomas Paine, Thomas Spence, and Henry George
		4.2 Orthodox Basic Income Model and Its Cases: The Variable Basic Income
		4.3 Basic Income Theory in Korea in Light of the Orthodox Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
9 A Pro-outsider Policy? Why an Unconditional Basic Income Could Contribute to Tackling the Causes and Effects of Labor Market Dualization
	1 Introduction
	2 Giving More Freedom to All, Including Outsiders
	3 Partial UBI: A Non-workfarist Way to Promote Access to Activity
	4 Can We Learn Something from UBI Experiments?
	5 Conclusion
	References
10 Conclusion: Summary and Suggestion of Research Results
	Survey Report on Christian Public Opinion on Basic Income
		Survey Overview
			Survey Background
			Survey Purpose
			Survey Structure
			Survey Content
			Survey Respondent Demographics
		Survey Results
			Perception on Basic Income
			Religious Background
			Perception of Implementation and Financing of Basic Income
			Opinion on Implementing Basic Income Based on Religious Beliefs
		Survey Results Summary
Index