Bamboo and Sustainable Construction

Contents
Bamboo as a Sustainable Building Material
	1 Presentation
		1.1 Market
		1.2 Applications
	2 Applications of Bamboo in Building Materials
		2.1 Bamboo as a Structural Building Material
		2.2 Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Composites
		2.3 Bamboo Leaf Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material
	3 Remarkable Buildings with Bamboo
		3.1 International Airport of Madrid-Barajas
		3.2 Sports Hall of Panyaden International School
		3.3 Modern Education and Training Institute—METI Handmade School
		3.4 German-Chinese House
	4 Conclusion
	References
Bamboo Construction: Main Building Techniques and Their Resources, Sustainability, History, Uses, and Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Bamboo as a Sustainable Material for Construction
	3 Structural Application of Bamboo Products in Construction
	4 Bamboo Construction
		4.1 Previous History of Bamboo Construction
		4.2 Current Moment of Bamboo Construction
	5 Bamboo Construction Techniques
		5.1 Hut
		5.2 Stilt House
		5.3 Wattle-And-Daub
		5.4 Bahareque
		5.5 Quincha
		5.6 Reinforced Rammed Earth
		5.7 Reinforced Concrete By Culms
		5.8 Reinforced Concrete By Panels
		5.9 Japanese Wall
		5.10 Pagoda
		5.11 Culm Cabin
		5.12 Post-And-Beam
		5.13 Conical Kiosk
		5.14 Geodesic Dome
		5.15 A-Frame
		5.16 Woven Panel
		5.17 Prefabricated Social Housing
		5.18 Modular Bamboo Housing
		5.19 Main Contrasts of Bamboo Construction Techniques
	6 Classification of Bamboo Construction Techniques for Housing
	7 Sustainability of Bamboo Construction Techniques
	8 Conclusions
	References
Bamboo Structural Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Part 1—Composite Slabs of Bamboo–Concrete, No Steel
		2.1 Materials and Methods
		2.2 Assembly and Concreting
		2.3 Test Procedure
		2.4 Results Analysis and Discussion
		2.5 Concluding Remarks from Part 1
	3 Part 2—Double-Pitched Truss in Bamboo: Theoretical–Experimental Analysis
		3.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo
		3.2 Connections of the Bamboo Parts
		3.3 Materials and Methods
		3.4 Results and Discussion
		3.5 Concluding Remarks from Part 2
	References
Projective Experiments and Local Productive Chains of Constructive Systems with Bamboo Culms
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Basis
		2.1 Bamboo as an Unconventional and Sustainable Material
		2.2 Characteristics of Local Production Chains
		2.3 Potential of Bamboo Usage in Building Systems
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Experimental Project with Modular Panels Made of Bamboo and Earth
		4.2 Project of Plane Trusses Used for Residential Roofs
		4.3 Shed Project with Reciprocal Frames
	5 Final Considerations
	References
Advancing the Use of Bamboo as a Building Material in Low-Income Housing Projects in Kenya
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sustainable Development
		1.2 The Environmental Sustainability of Bamboo
		1.3 Opportunities and Constraints to Bamboo Housing in Kenya
		1.4 Sustainable Bamboo Processing and Treatment
	2 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo
		2.1 Bamboo in Construction Industry
		2.2 Bamboo Building Systems
	3 Engineered Bamboo Products
		3.1 Plybamboo
		3.2 Bamboo Laminated Lumber
		3.3 Bamboo Scrimber
		3.4 Flattened Bamboo
		3.5 Bamboo OSB
	4 Bamboo Home Design and Building
	5 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Lightly Modifying Thick-Walled Timber Bamboo: An Overview
	1 Rationale
		1.1 Clarification of Light Modification
		1.2 General Discussion of Approaches (Analog and Digital)
		1.3 Species and Solidity
	2 Analog Facing (AF)
		2.1 Limitations and Considerations
		2.2 Size Sorting and Grading
		2.3 Cutting to Length (Cross-Cutting)
		2.4 Longitudinal Facing
	3 Digital Surfacing
		3.1 Rationale
		3.2 Qualifying and Assigning
		3.3 Indexing
		3.4 Geometries
		3.5 4-Axis Milling Machine
	4 Conclusions and Limitations
	References
Bamboo Flattening Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Pre-treatment of Bamboo Before Flattening
		2.1 Chemical Softening Treatment
		2.2 Physical Softening Treatment
	3 Bamboo Flattening Process and Technology
		3.1 One-Step Pressure Flattening
		3.2 Sectional Pressure Flattening
		3.3 Continuous Flattening
	4 Drying Treatment of Flattened Bamboo Board
		4.1 Collaborative Treatment of Roller-Involved Cooling and Drying
		4.2 Collaborative Treatment of Cold Pressing, Water Boiling, and Drying
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Century-Old Tradition and Sustainable Technique to Protect Natural Bamboo Through Smoke Treatment—Advantages and Limitations
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Smoke Treatment
		1.2 Mechanism of Smoke Treatment
	2 Influence of Smoke Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo
		2.1 Materials and Sample (Method)
		2.2 Results and Analysis
		2.3 Mechanics of Smoke Treatment
	3 Influence of Thermal Effects of Smoke Treatment on Shrinkage Behavior of Bamboo
		3.1 Materials and Sample (Method)
		3.2 Results and Analysis
	4 Influence of Thermal Effects of Smoke Treatment on the Antibacterial Characteristics of Bamboo
		4.1 Materials and Sample (Method)
		4.2 Results and Analysis
		4.3 Discussion and Antibacterial Mechanism
	5 Advantages and Limitations of Smoke Treatment Methodology
	6 Conclusion
		6.1 Influence of Smoke Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo
		6.2 Influence of Thermal Effects of Smoke Treatment on Shrinkage Behavior of Bamboo
		6.3 Influence of Thermal Effects of Smoke Treatment on the Antibacterial Characteristics of Bamboo
	References
A Critical Review on Finite Element Models Towards Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibre/Filler-Reinforced Composite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Modelling Approach
		2.1 Micromechanical Modelling
		2.2 Calculation of Elastic Modulus
		2.3 Einstein Modelling Approach
		2.4 Guth and Modified Guth Modelling Approach
		2.5 Rule of Mixtures
		2.6 Inverse Rule of Mixtures
		2.7 Halpin–Tsai Modelling Approach
		2.8 Eshelby’s Modelling Approach
		2.9 Mori–Tanaka Modelling Approach
	3 Finite Element Modelling Approach
	4 Finite Element Modelling of Natural Fibres Composite
	5 Representative Volume Element (RVE)
	6 Need for Bamboo and Bamboo Fibre Composites
		6.1 Environmental Concerns and Sustainability of Bamboo
		6.2 Structural Importance of Bamboo
	7 Finite Element Modelling and Analysis of Bamboo Fibres
	8 Results and Discussion
	9 Conclusion
	References
Review of FEM Simulations to Elucidate Fracture Mechanisms in Bamboo
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Finite Element Modelling (FEM) Technique
		1.2 Benefits of FEM Techniques
	2 Investigating the Effect of Material Inhomogeneity on the Fracture Mechanisms of Bamboo by the Finite Element Method
		2.1 Determination of the Optimized Transverse Isotropy in Bamboo Culm
		2.2 Investigating the Fracture Mechanisms in Bamboo Culms Due to External Modes of Loadings
	3 Assessing the Transverse Fracture Mechanisms in Bamboo with Respect to Grain Direction by the Finite Element Method
		3.1 Materials and Methods
		3.2 Numerical Results of Strain Field Analysis
	4 Evaluating the Underlying Effects of Thermal Modification on Shrinkage-Induced Cracks in Bamboo Culms by the Finite Element Method
		4.1 Materials and Methods
		4.2 Strain Field Analysis of Bamboo Shrinkage Model
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Investigating the Effect of Material Inhomogeneity on the Fracture Mechanisms of Bamboo by the Finite Element Method
		5.2 Assessing the Transverse Fracture Mechanisms in Bamboo with Respect to Grain Direction by the Finite Element Method
		5.3 Evaluating the Underlying Effects of Thermal Modification on Shrinkage-Induced Cracks in Bamboo Culms by the Finite Element Method
	6 Direction for Future Work
	References
Performance Assessment Methods and Effects of Bamboo-Based Envelopes in Buildings Under Hot and Humid Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 A Systematic Literature Review on Bamboo-Based Envelopes’ Thermal Performance Evaluation Methods
		2.1 Most Frequent Bamboo-Based Envelope Systems and Characteristics
		2.2 Performance Assessment Methods of Bamboo-Based Envelope Systems
	3 Case Study: Parametric Analysis of Bamboo-Based Envelopes Effect in Buildings Energy Performance Under Panama’s Tropical Climate
	4 Final Discussion and Conclusions
	References
New Bamboo-Based Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of Bamboo
	3 Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibers
	4 Resource Utilization of Bamboo
		4.1 Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Composites
		4.2 Development and Application of Bamboo Engineering Materials
		4.3 1D, 2D, 3D Fiber-Based High-Strength Materials
	5 Summary
	References