Balkan Syntax and Semantics (Linguistik Aktuell Linguistics Today)

Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC page......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Notes......Page 9
Map of the Balkans......Page 10
List of abbreviations......Page 12
1.1. Origin......Page 18
1.3. Shared properties......Page 20
2. Nominal cases and articles......Page 25
2.1. Vocative case forms......Page 26
2.2. Accusative case forms and case markers......Page 27
2.3. Dative/genitive case forms and case markers......Page 29
2.4. Position and use of the definite articles......Page 32
3. Pronominal clitics......Page 34
3.1. Pronominal clitics functioning in the clause......Page 35
3.2. Clitic doubling......Page 38
3.3. Impersonal pronominal clitics......Page 42
3.4. Possessive pronominal clitics......Page 45
4.1. Subjunctives as complements of modal and intentional verbs......Page 48
4.2. Subjunctive constructions as modifiers......Page 51
4.3. Bare subjunctive constructions......Page 54
4.4. Future tenses......Page 55
5.1. Balkan Slavic......Page 59
5.2. Albanian......Page 61
5.3. Balkan Romance......Page 62
5.4. Confirmative and nonconfirmative evidentials......Page 63
6. Concluding remarks......Page 64
Notes......Page 65
References......Page 70
Spread of the Balkan Sprachbund morpho-syntactic properties......Page 74
1. The goal of Balkan linguistics......Page 76
2. Critics of the concepts Balkanism and Balkan Sprachbund......Page 79
3. Between the normal Slavic type and the standard average European type......Page 81
4. Standard Language versus dialect......Page 84
5.1. History of the project......Page 86
5.2. The Small Dialectological Atlas of the Balkan Languages......Page 88
6. The areal distribution of some syntactic properties in the languages of the Balkans......Page 89
7. Conclusion......Page 93
Notes......Page 94
References......Page 95
Appendix: Maps......Page 100
1. Introduction......Page 118
2. General considerations......Page 119
3. Balkan Slavic......Page 121
4. Albanian......Page 125
5. Balkan Romance......Page 127
6. Romani......Page 131
7. Greek......Page 132
8. Explanations......Page 133
Notes......Page 144
References......Page 146
The nominal phrase......Page 152
1. Introduction......Page 154
2. Some background information......Page 156
3.1. Syntactic differences......Page 157
3.2. Semantic differences......Page 158
3.3. Phonological/Prosodic differences......Page 164
3.4. Polydefinites and the direct/indirect-modification distinction......Page 165
4.1. Tredinnick (1992)......Page 167
4.2. Androutsopoulou (1995)......Page 168
4.3. Kolliakou (1999)......Page 169
4.4. Alexiadou and Wilder (1998)......Page 170
4.6. Manolessou (2000)......Page 171
5.1. Articled adjectives and predicativity......Page 172
5.2. A structure for the polydefinite construction......Page 173
6. Summary......Page 182
Notes......Page 183
References......Page 186
1. Overview......Page 192
2. Background......Page 194
3. Possessive clitics - dative or genitive?......Page 196
3.1. The morpho-phonological identity of possessive and indirect object clitics......Page 197
3.2. Historical considerations......Page 201
3.3. Possessor raising of clitics......Page 203
3.4. Possessive clitics, non-clitic pronouns, and non-pronominal DPs......Page 206
3.5. Clitic doubling......Page 220
3.6. Summary of case issues......Page 222
4. Heads or arguments?......Page 223
5. Conclusions......Page 225
Notes......Page 227
References......Page 232
1. Introduction......Page 238
2. Movement of possessive clitics to the head of IP......Page 240
3. Binding, complementarity, and locality......Page 241
4. Movement of possessive clitics - implications for locality constraints on binding......Page 242
5. Locality constraints on binding in Bulgarian......Page 244
Notes......Page 247
References......Page 249
The root clause......Page 252
1. Introduction......Page 254
2.1. Balkan D-Disclosure constructions......Page 262
3. The analysis of D-Disclosure......Page 267
4. The E-Strategy......Page 271
4.1. The E-Strategy and Argument Saturation (passives/impersonals)......Page 272
4.2. The E-Strategy and Argument Suppression (anticausatives)......Page 274
4.3. The Syntactic distribution of D-Disclosure and the E-Strategy......Page 278
4.4. The E-Strategy and compositionality......Page 279
Notes......Page 280
References......Page 283
1. Introduction......Page 286
2. Imperatives......Page 287
3. Accusative-dative clitic switch......Page 291
4. Conclusion......Page 298
Notes......Page 299
References......Page 305
1. The phenomenon......Page 310
2. Terminology for the volitional moods......Page 311
3. Labeling the functions of complementizer-headed main clauses in a Balkan language: Albanian......Page 314
4. Optative-hortatives in Europe and beyond......Page 315
5. The makeup of the independent modal complementizer clauses in the languages of the Eastern half of Southern Europe......Page 317
6. Change in complementation in the languages of South-Eastern Europe......Page 319
7. Retracing the development of modal complementation......Page 321
8. Conclusion......Page 323
Notes......Page 325
References......Page 328
1. Introduction......Page 332
2. The Mood head in the languages of the Balkans......Page 333
3. Two classes of imperatives......Page 335
4.1. [Imperative V + Cl] orders......Page 337
4.2. The subjunctive particle......Page 342
4.3. [Cl + Imperative V] orders......Page 346
5. Balkan imperatives and negation......Page 347
5.2. The type of checking mechanism involved......Page 348
5.3. The exact head that checks the imperative force in Mood......Page 349
Notes......Page 352
References......Page 353
1. Introduction......Page 356
2.2. Topic and Focus in embedded clauses......Page 358
2.3. Preverbal subjects......Page 359
2.4. Adjacency between Focus and Verb......Page 361
3.1. Indicative complements......Page 362
3.2. Subjunctives......Page 363
4. Targets for Focus......Page 365
5. Summary and conclusion......Page 368
Notes......Page 369
References......Page 370
Syncretic and analytic tenses in Romanian......Page 372
1. Introduction......Page 373
2. Giorgi and Pianesi\'s (1997) framework: From Latin to Romance......Page 374
3. Early Romanian futures......Page 378
4. Contrasts between Modern Romanian and Western Romance......Page 379
5. T1 and T2 in modern Romanian......Page 382
6. AgrS in modern Romanian......Page 384
8. Back to the future......Page 385
9. Conclusions: Future in the Past......Page 388
Notes......Page 389
References......Page 390
The complex sentence......Page 392
1. Introduction......Page 394
2. Syntactic properties of object subjunctive relatives......Page 397
3. Semantic structure of object subjunctive relatives......Page 398
4.1. Lexical and modal semantics of the matrix verb......Page 400
4.2. Reference relations: Humanness and reference constraints......Page 404
4.3. Aspectual semantics of the verb in the subjunctive relative......Page 408
5. Irrealis propositional modalities......Page 409
6.1. The graphic representation of scalarity in meaning......Page 410
6.2. Balkan illustrations of scalarity between modification and purpose......Page 411
7.1. Bleaching of possessive meaning......Page 412
7.2. Negated possessive `have\'......Page 414
7.3. Existential subjunctive relatives......Page 415
9. Conclusion......Page 416
Notes......Page 417
References......Page 420
1. Introduction......Page 422
2. The bare CP status of MECs......Page 429
3. Similarities and differences between MECs and interrogatives......Page 436
4.1. Properties of MECs......Page 441
5. Summary and conclusions......Page 452
Notes......Page 453
References......Page 454
1. Introduction......Page 456
2. Control theory......Page 457
3. Crosslinguistic variation and the acquisition of control......Page 459
4. Control in Serbian and Croatian......Page 461
5. Interpretation of empty subjects in (non)-finite complement clauses in Serbian and Croatian......Page 464
5.1. Experimental design......Page 465
5.2. Results......Page 467
6. Discussion......Page 469
Notes......Page 473
References......Page 475
1. Introduction......Page 478
2. Conditionals in Spanish and Judeo-Spanish......Page 479
3. Conditionals in Greek and Turkish......Page 485
4. Conclusion......Page 488
Notes......Page 489
References......Page 490
Author index......Page 492
Index of languages, dialects and toponyms......Page 498
Subject index......Page 504
The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today......Page 514