Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Communication: Role in Virulence and Pathogenesis

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 15
Introduction......Page 19
P.aeruginosa quorum sensing systems......Page 20
Extending the P.aeruginosa QS realm......Page 23
Influence of QS on P.aeruginosa virulence in plant and animal models......Page 27
QS plays an active role in vivo......Page 30
QS as a therapeutic target......Page 31
References......Page 33
Discovery of PQS......Page 41
Relationship of PQS to the P.aeruginosa quorum sensing circuitry......Page 42
The genetics of PQS synthesis......Page 43
The regulation of PQS synthesis......Page 47
The timing of PQS production......Page 49
PQS and P.aeruginosa virulence......Page 51
The potential of PQS as a drug target......Page 52
References......Page 53
Introduction......Page 57
The Ti plasmids of A.tumefaciens and the discovery of AHLs as conjugal pheromones......Page 58
Identification of a Ti-plasmid-encoded AHL synthase and AHL receptor......Page 61
Regulation of traR expression......Page 62
Post-transcriptional regulation of TraR activity......Page 64
The role of OOHL in TraR maturation......Page 67
Structure and function studies of TraR......Page 68
TraR as an activator of transcription......Page 71
Perspectives and future studies......Page 73
Acknowledgements......Page 75
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 83
Why QS inhibitors?......Page 84
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and QS......Page 86
The involvement of QS in P.aeruginosa biofilm development......Page 87
Natural blockers: a eukaryotic defense strategy against biofilms and biofouling......Page 89
Synthetic analogs......Page 91
Screens for QS inhibitors......Page 94
Novel QSI screens......Page 96
Novel natural QSIs......Page 97
Transcriptomics: the ultimate tool for analyzing drug specificity......Page 99
Biofilm models: what QSI drugs do to a biofilm......Page 102
Pulmonary dose–response models......Page 104
Treatment model......Page 106
Antibiotics and QSI drugs: alone or together?......Page 107
References......Page 108
Introduction......Page 119
Vibrio cholerae as a human pathogen and its infectious cycle......Page 120
Quorum sensing regulation in V.cholerae......Page 122
Quorum sensing negatively regulates virulence gene expression......Page 124
Quorum sensing inhibits biofilm formation......Page 125
Perspectives and future studies......Page 129
Acknowledgements......Page 130
References......Page 131
Introduction......Page 135
Oligopeptide quorum sensing pathways......Page 136
Identification of LuxS......Page 137
Metabolic pathway of AI-2 production......Page 139
The structures of AI-2......Page 141
The controversy of AI-2 and cell-to-cell signaling......Page 144
AI-2 as a classical quorum sensing signal......Page 146
AI-2 as a quorum sensing signal in bacteria other than Vibrio spp.......Page 147
Bacteria with ambiguous roles for AI-2......Page 150
AI-2 as an interspecies quorum sensing signal......Page 152
Cell-to-cell signaling and AI-2 in dental plaque......Page 153
The CF community......Page 155
AI-2 as a reporter of metabolic status......Page 156
Conclusions......Page 159
References......Page 160
Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)......Page 169
LuxS and cell-to-cell signaling in bacteria......Page 170
Cell-to-cell signaling in EHEC......Page 173
Bacterial–host cell-to-cell signaling......Page 175
The EHEC quorum-sensing signaling cascade......Page 177
Quorum sensing in EPEC......Page 184
Concluding remarks......Page 185
References......Page 186
Introduction......Page 193
Contact-dependent signaling in oral bacteria......Page 194
Quorum-sensing-dependent communication among oral bacteria......Page 198
Quorum sensing by autoinducer 2 in oral bacteria......Page 200
Is AI-2 a quorum sensing signal in oral bacteria?......Page 201
Physiologic role of LuxS-dependent signaling: regulation of iron acquisition......Page 202
LuxS-dependent regulation of virulence and biofilm development......Page 203
AI-2 signal transduction in A.actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis......Page 205
The A.actinomycetemcomitans AI-2 receptor......Page 206
The A.actinomycetemcomitans AI-2 sensor kinase......Page 208
Crosstalk and implications for AI-2 signal specificity......Page 210
References......Page 212
Introduction......Page 217
The Agr quorum sensing system......Page 218
Agr-regulated genes......Page 221
Staphylococcus epidermidis......Page 225
Staphylococcus lugdunensis......Page 226
Agr specificity groups......Page 227
Agr regulation of virulence in the context of other regulators and the environment in vivo......Page 229
The sae locus......Page 230
ClpX and ClpP......Page 231
Regulation by Agr in vivo......Page 232
Agr and staphylococcal biofilms......Page 234
Maturation......Page 235
Detachment......Page 236
Agr variants and their role in staphylococcal pathogenesis......Page 238
RIP/RAP......Page 242
References......Page 244
A brief history......Page 251
Cell-density-dependent competence development......Page 253
The ComCDE competence regulon in S.pneumoniae......Page 254
The competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)......Page 255
The ComD, CSP receptor......Page 258
The ComE response regulator......Page 259
ComX: the link to late competence genes......Page 260
Competence-induced cell lysis......Page 262
Competence shutoff......Page 263
The CiaRH and VicRK two-component signal transduction systems (TCSTS)......Page 264
The Blp quorum-sensing system......Page 265
Genetic competence in oral streptococci......Page 266
Genetics of competence development......Page 268
Regulation of competence......Page 269
Genetic regulation of competence development......Page 272
Study of competence in model biofilms......Page 273
Other CSP-regulated phenotypes......Page 276
Conclusions and future perspectives......Page 277
References......Page 278
Introduction......Page 287
Multicellularity as a survival strategy......Page 288
Gliding motility in M.xanthus......Page 291
Intercellular signaling during fruiting-body morphogenesis......Page 294
The C-signal induces three responses that are separated in time and space......Page 295
The molecular nature of the C-signal......Page 296
Synthesis of the C-signal......Page 297
C-signal transmission relies on a contact-dependent mechanism......Page 298
The C-signal transduction pathway......Page 299
How does a single signal induce three responses separated in time and space?......Page 303
Multiple signal transduction pathways control morphogenesis......Page 305
The C-signal-dependent motility response......Page 306
C-signal-induced aggregation: a model......Page 307
Signal integration during fruiting-body morphogenesis......Page 310
References......Page 311
Index......Page 319