Backdoor to Eugenics

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Foreword: Advocating a “Genethics”......Page 7
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 9
Preface to the First Edition......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 15
BACKDOOR to EUGENICS......Page 17
1 Inherited Genetic Disorders and Inherited Social Orders......Page 18
Heritability as the Recurring “Sirens’ Call”......Page 19
Genetics: Multifaceted, but Converging Questions around “Target” Populations......Page 23
The Search for the Genetics of Intelligence: When and Why?......Page 26
The Shifting Focus of the Genetics of Intelligence......Page 30
Summary......Page 33
2 The Prism of Heritability and The Sociology of Knowledge: What Questions? Whose Questions?......Page 36
Framing the Issues and the Sociology of Knowledge......Page 37
The Sociology of Science (Knowledge) and the Game of Go......Page 38
The Search for Genetic Explanations of Inexplicable Experiences at High Altitudes......Page 41
Scientific Knowledge and Its Application: The Case of Sterilization......Page 45
The Sex Selection Controversy in India......Page 49
Summary......Page 52
3 The Genetic Screening of “Target” Populations......Page 53
Newborn Screening Legislation as the Early Wedge......Page 55
Classification of Inherited Disorders......Page 56
Tay-Sachs Screening......Page 59
Sickle-Cell Screening......Page 60
The Comparative Politics of Genetic Screening......Page 62
Three Screens and Their Degree of Political Controversy......Page 66
When is a Multifactorial Disorder a “Genetic” Disorder?......Page 69
Summary......Page 71
4 Dilemmas of a “General” Genetic Disorder Control Policy......Page 73
Law, Lobbying, and Screening......Page 74
Federal Support for the Local Genetic Screen......Page 76
A State Policy on Prenatal Diagnosis......Page 77
State Funding for Amniocentesis......Page 80
Who Uses Amniocentesis?......Page 81
The Third Party in the Medical Triangle......Page 83
The Power of the Third Party......Page 84
The Bearing of the Third-Party Analysis on Genetic Screening......Page 85
Workforce Genetic Screening and the Government......Page 87
Vertical Integration and the Variable Meanings of “Consent”......Page 89
Summary......Page 90
5 Neutrality and Ideology in Genetic Disorder Control......Page 92
The Professional Ideology of the Genetic Counselor......Page 93
Two Sides (at Least) of the Genetic Counselor......Page 96
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study......Page 98
The Genetic Counseling of Screened Carriers......Page 102
Screening in Orchomenos, Greece......Page 103
Field Interviews in Orchomenos......Page 104
Who is Making the “Genetic Claims”?......Page 108
Is the Issue Really “Hard” vs. “Soft” Science?......Page 110
The Problematic of the Genetics of Criminals......Page 111
Appropriation of Genetics for IQ and Race......Page 116
Appropriating the Genetics of Mental Illness......Page 119
“Appropriation” and the “Genetics of Depression”......Page 124
7 Eugenics by the Back Door......Page 127
Sylvia Tesh and the Notion of “Hidden Arguments”......Page 128
Successful Models of Prenatal Intervention, Low-Cost and Low-Technology......Page 132
Registered Prenatal Detection as Disease Prevention Policy: The Gun on the Wall......Page 134
Hidden Arguments and Multifactorial Disorders......Page 137
National and State Genetic Registries......Page 139
The Achievements and the Halo of Molecular Genetics......Page 140
Backdoor Eugenics......Page 142
8 Human Genetics, Evolutionary Theory, and Social Stratification......Page 145
From Biological Darwinism to Social Darwinism......Page 146
“As Humans Can Be Stratified in Evolutionary Development, So Can Cultures”......Page 147
The Germination of Human Genetics in Social Evolutionary Soil: The Birth of Human Population genetics and Human Mendelian…......Page 150
Trouble at the Bottom: Continuity and Persistence......Page 153
The Violence Initiative: Continuity with the Past via the Irrepressible Link......Page 155
The Human Genome Project and the “Turn to Difference”......Page 159
The MAOA Gene and Predicting Violent Behavior......Page 161
Race and DNA: Tensions and Current Tendencies Relevant to Behavioral Genetics......Page 162
Phenotypical Expression at the Point of Arrest: The Selective Aim of the Artillery in the War on Drugs......Page 164
Background to “Ethnic-Affiliation Markers” at the DNA Level......Page 170
The dangerous Intersection of Allele Frequencies in Special Populations and Police Profiling vial Phenotype......Page 173
Population-Wide DNA Database......Page 174
Why Search for the Genetic Basis of Any Given Behavior?......Page 177
Conclusion: Searching for Correlations with Variable Etiologies......Page 178
Introduction......Page 181
The “Natural Setting” as the Starting Point......Page 185
Levels and Methods of Inquiry......Page 186
APPENDIX B Screening Issues in Counseling......Page 188
Risk Taking versus Risk Aversion......Page 190
Data Collection and the Selection of the Two Cases......Page 191
Culpability, Knowledge, and Expertise in Counseling......Page 200
APPENDIX C The Ethnic Distribution of Disease......Page 213
Notes......Page 216
References......Page 232
Index......Page 255