Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions

Back-Arc Spreading Systems:Geological, Biological, Chemical,and Physical Interactions......Page 3
Copy Right......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions in Back-Arc Spreading Systems?An Introduction......Page 7
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS AND HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS......Page 8
CASE STUDIES OF INDIVIDUAL BACK-ARC BASINS......Page 9
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 11
2. PROCESSES AFFECTING MAGMA GENERATION IN BACK-ARC BASINS......Page 12
3. LAU SPREADING CENTERS......Page 20
4. “DIFFUSE? PATCHES OF SEAFLOOR SPREADING?......Page 26
5. WESTERN LAU BASIN......Page 28
6. DISCUSSION......Page 29
REFERENCE......Page 33
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 37
2. CASE STUDIES OF FOUR BACKARC OPENING AREAS......Page 38
3. DISCUSSION......Page 45
REFERENCES......Page 47
Mantle Structure and Flow Patterns Beneath Active Back-Arc Basins Inferred From Passive Seismic and Electromagnetic Methods......Page 49
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 50
2. CONSTRAINTS FROM SEISMIC OBSERVATIONS......Page 51
3. CONSTRAINTS FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS......Page 54
4. CONSTRAINTS ON THE MANTLE DYNAMICS OF BACK-ARC SYSTEMS......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 64
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 69
3. MANTLE INPUT INTO BACK-ARC REGIONS......Page 71
4. SUBDUCTION INPUT INTO BACK-ARC REGIONS......Page 76
5. NATURE OF MANTLE?SUBDUCTION COMPONENT INTERACTION......Page 79
6. BACK-ARC BASIN RIDGE CREST PROCESSES......Page 84
7. SUMMARY......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
Chemical Systematics and Hydrous Melting of the Mantle in Back-Arc Basins......Page 93
1.INTRODUCTION......Page 94
2. ANATOMY OF THE EXTENT OF MELTING VS. WATER IN THE SOURCE DIAGRAM......Page 99
3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BACK-ARC BASIN BASALTS......Page 101
4. DATA TREATMENT......Page 103
5. PRESENTATION OF DATA FROM THE FOUR MAJOR BACK-ARC BASINS......Page 109
6. DATA SYNTHESIS......Page 121
7. QUANTITAIVE MODELING OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER ONMANTLE MELTING......Page 128
8. WATER AND MELTING IN  BACK-ARC SPREADING SYSTEMS......Page 135
9. CONCLUSIONS......Page 146
10. APPENDIX: GROLOGY AND DATA DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FOUR MAJOR BACK-ARC BASINS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 149
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 153
2. FACTORS CONTROLLING UNIQUE HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN......Page 154
3. GAS-RICH CHARACTERISTICS OF ARC-BACK-ARC HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 157
4. NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROTHERMAL FLUID STUDIES......Page 161
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 164
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 168
2. CONVENTIONAL GENETIC MODEL FOR MODERN SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SULFIDES......Page 169
3. MELT INCLUSIONS AND THEIR TRAPPED FLUIDS......Page 171
4. MAGMATIC DEGASSING AND HYDROTHERMAL VENT FLUIDS ON THE SEAFLOOR......Page 175
5. DISCUSSION......Page 178
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 186
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 190
2. METHOD IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 191
3. EMERGING PATTERNS OF MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN GLOBAL HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 192
4. BACK-ARC BASINS: WHY THEY ARE INTERESTINF MICROBIOLOGICALLY......Page 207
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 213
REFERCENCES......Page 214
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 219
2. HABITAT PATTERNS, COMPOSITION, AND MICRODISTRIBUTION IN BABs AND VOLCANIC ARCS: A CASE STUDY......Page 221
3. BIOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS......Page 231
REFERENCES......Page 234
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 239
3. TOLERANCE ADAPTATIONS......Page 240
4. AUTOTROPHIC SYMBIOSES......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 243
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 246
2. TECTONICS OF THE EAST SCOTIA SEA......Page 247
3. EAST SCOTIA RIDGE MORPHOLOGY......Page 250
4. MAGMA SUPPLY......Page 253
5. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SUBDUCTION INDUCEDMANTLE FLOW, MAGMATISM, AND BACK-ARC SPREADING......Page 256
6. HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 263
Tectonic and Magmatic Evolution of the Bismarck Sea,Papua New Guinea: Review and New Synthesis......Page 265
INTRODUCTION......Page 266
TECTONIC SETTING......Page 270
GEOPHYSICAL DATA AND CONSTRAINTS......Page 271
MAJOR STRUCTURAL UNITS AND BISMARCK SEASEISMIC LINEATION......Page 274
NEW SYNTHESIS......Page 279
DISCUSSION......Page 283
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 284
References......Page 285
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 289
2. TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 291
3. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTER OF BASALTS......Page 293
4. DISCUSSION......Page 297
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 303