Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles: Disrupting the Automotive and Mobility Sectors

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword by Dr. Rahul Razdan
Foreword by Daniel Watzenig
Preface and Acknowledgments
SECTION 1 — Introduction
	CHAPTER 1 Introduction
		1.1. FIR and the Automotive Industry
		1.2. ACES as the Future Mobility
		1.3. Objectives of the Book
		1.4. Expectation and Contribution of the Book
		1.5. Overview and Outline
		1.6. Summary
		References
SECTION 2 — ACES as the Future Mobility: Background
	CHAPTER 2 Recent Events and Progress Propelling ACES Growth
		2.1. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Vehicle Automation
		2.2. Active Safety and the Safety Benefits
		2.3. Software-Defined Vehicles
		2.4. Fourth Industrial Revolution
		2.5. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
		2.6. Society 5.0
		2.7. Climate Change and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2021 Report
		2.8. Carbon-Neutral and Finite Petroleum Resources
		2.9. Green, Circular, and Sustainable Economy
		2.10. Sharing Economy
		2.11. Regulations Facilitating ACES
		2.12. IoT and 5G
		2.13. Advances in Computing Power and Platforms
		2.14. Sensor Advancements (LiDAR, RADAR, Camera)
		2.15. Cross-Functional Software Product Development and Change Management
		2.16. Silicon Valley and Rise of Start-Ups
		2.17. X-as-a-Service
		2.18. Acqui-Hiring and M&A
		2.19. Supply Chain Evolutions
		2.20. Digital Natives
		2.21. Summary
		References
SECTION 3 — Concise Over view of ACES
	CHAPTER 3 Autonomous Vehicles: Concise Overview
		3.1. Background and What
		3.2. Technical Overview
			3.2.1. How Humans Operate: An Anecdote to Simplify the AV Back-End Algorithms
			3.2.2. Human-Operated Vehicles Operation
			3.2.3. AV Stack in General
			3.2.4. Mapping and Localization
			3.2.5. Environmental Awareness
			3.2.6. Risk Assessment
			3.2.7. Motion Planning
			3.2.8. Motion Control
			3.2.9. Interface, Calibration, and Monitoring
		3.3. Vision and Current State of the AV Industry
		3.4. Summary
		References
	CHAPTER 4 Connected Vehicles: Concise Overview
		4.1. Background
		4.2. Connecting and Connected
		4.3. Back-End Overview
			4.3.1. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
			4.3.2. Cloud Technology
			4.3.3. Dedicated Short-Range Communications
			4.3.4. Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)
			4.3.5. Low-Power Wide-Area Network
			4.3.6. 5G and Its Importance for Vehicle Connectivity
			4.3.7. A Glimpse of 6G, the Probable Next Step in the Vehicle Connectivity Field
		4.4. Applications
			4.4.1. Vehicle-to-Everything
			4.4.2. Vehicle Connectivity for Improved Active Safety
			4.4.3. Vehicle Platooning
			4.4.4. Improved Infotainment
			4.4.5. Improved GPS and Traffic Jam Reduction
			4.4.6. Vehicle Connectivity Enabling Automated Delivery
			4.4.7. Vehicle Connectivity Improving Shared Mobility
		4.5. Vehicle Connectivity Roles in Enabling True ACES Mobility
		4.6. Vision and Current State of the CV Industry
		4.7. Summary
		References
	CHAPTER 5 Electric Vehicles: Concise Overview
		5.1. Background
		5.2. Electrifying the World—The Motivation
		5.3. Back-End Overview
			5.3.1. Hybrid Electric Vehicles
			5.3.2. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
			5.3.3. Battery Electric Vehicles
			5.3.4. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
			5.3.5. Solar EVs
		5.4. Vehicle Electrification Roles in Enabling True ACES Mobility
		5.5. Vision and Current State of the EV Industry
		5.6. Summary
		References
	CHAPTER 6 Shared Mobility: Concise Overview
		6.1. Background
		6.2. Motivations behind Shared Mobility
			6.2.1. Sharing Economy
			6.2.2. Uberization
			6.2.3. X-as-a-Service
		6.3. Terminology and Definition: Clarification and Difference
			6.3.1. Shared Mobility
			6.3.2. Carsharing
			6.3.3. Carpooling
			6.3.4. Ridesharing
			6.3.5. Ridehailing
			6.3.6. Ridesourcing
			6.3.7. Micromobility
			6.3.8. Paratransit
			6.3.9. Microtransit
			6.3.10. Other Types of Shared Mobility
		6.4. Differences between “Traditional Taxi” and “Shared Mobility”
		6.5. Customer-and-User-Facing Technology Development for Shared Mobility
		6.6. Roles of Shared Mobility in the ACES Ecosystem
		6.7. Summary
		References
SECTION 4 — Disruptions, Challenges, and Benefits of ACES
	CHAPTER 7 Disruptions Caused by ACES Mobility
		7.1. Background
		7.2. Social Disruptions
			7.2.1. Work-Life Balance Improvements
			7.2.2. Disruptions for Media and Infotainment
			7.2.3. Merging with the Other Industrial Revolution 4.0 Ongoing Developments
			7.2.4. Redefining Mobility
			7.2.5. Disrupting Future Urban Planning
		7.3. Legal, Economical, and Workforce Disruptions
			7.3.1. Insurance Industry
			7.3.2. Taxations
			7.3.3. New Required Skills for Workforce
			7.3.4. New Job Ecosystems Opportunities
			7.3.5. Who Will Have the Ownership of ACES Vehicles?
			7.3.6. Indirect Influence on Popular Culture
			7.3.7. Passenger Behavior during the ACES Journey
			7.3.8. Regulations… and More Regulations
			7.3.9. Private-Public-People Partnerships
			7.3.10. Increased Requirements of Empathy from the Leaders to Employees
		7.4. Technical, Technological, and Industrial Disruptions
			7.4.1. ACES Increases the Software Importance in the Automotive and Mobility Industry
			7.4.2. Changes in the Business Models
			7.4.3. Process and Regulations Changes
			7.4.4. Infrastructural Disruptions
			7.4.5. New Automotive and Mobility Industrial Stakeholders
			7.4.6. Democratizing Mobility
			7.4.7. New Incomes for Countries
			7.4.8. Skunkworks Project-Organizations
			7.4.9. More Concentrated Efforts to Tackle Climate Change Issues
		7.5. Summary
		References
	CHAPTER 8 Potential Challenges of ACES
		8.1. Background
		8.2. Technical Challenges of ACES
			8.2.1. Dealing with Uncertainties
			8.2.2. Network Latency
			8.2.3. Cybersecurity
			8.2.4. Range Anxiety Is Still an Issue
			8.2.5. Infrastructural Improvements to Support Vehicle Electrification
			8.2.6. Battery Recycling and Waste Management
			8.2.7. Hygiene Topics
			8.2.8. Ridesharing and Traffic Jams
			8.2.9. Traveling Salesman Problem
		8.3. Legal, Industrial, and Workforce Challenges of ACES
			8.3.1. Vandalism and Petty Crimes
			8.3.2. Whose Fault Is It? Who Is to be Blamed?
			8.3.3. Scope Creep and Technical Debt in the Software Development
			8.3.4. Pricing Is Still Expensive
			8.3.5. Unclear Requirements because of the Knowledge Gap in the Business-Facing Organizations
		8.4. Social and Ethical Challenges of ACES
			8.4.1. Changing Job Landscapes
			8.4.2. Transparency Is Needed
			8.4.3. Requirement for a Visionary and Skillful Public Leadership
			8.4.4. Importance of Education and Propagations
			8.4.5. False and Misleading Marketing
		8.5. Summary
		References
	CHAPTER 9 Potential Benefits of ACES
		9.1. Technological, Safety, and Security Benefits
			9.1.1. Prompting Safer Automation in Other Industries
			9.1.2. Encouraging ACES Mobility across Different Transportation Domains
			9.1.3. Increased Safety
			9.1.4. More Transparency and Security for Mobility
		9.2. Societal and Sustainability Benefits
			9.2.1. Lessened Car Ownership: A Chance to Reimagine Mobility
			9.2.2. Cleaner Mobility Ecosystem and Energy
			9.2.3. Improved Traffic in Cities
			9.2.4. More Spaces for Urban Recreational Zones and Activities: Improving the City Attractiveness
			9.2.5. Less Stress for City Dwellers
			9.2.6. Potential to Reduce Crimes
			9.2.7. Better Social Security Benefits
			9.2.8. Facilitating Some Objectives of the UN SDGs
			9.2.9. Improving Air Quality, Improving Health
		9.3. Mobility User Benefits
			9.3.1. Better Transportations for the Society
			9.3.2. Reduced Costs of Transportation
		9.4. Economic Benefits
			9.4.1. New Investments Potential
			9.4.2. Opportunities for Developing Countries
			9.4.3. New Business Models
			9.4.4. Cross-Collaborations between Different Industries
		9.5. Summary
		References
SECTION 5 — Summary and Conclusions
	CHAPTER 10 Summary: “ACES Is Imminent. It Is a Bumpy Road. Cross-Organizational Collaborations Are a Necessity.”
		10.1. Recapitulating the Book
		10.2. Summary for Section 1—Introduction
		10.3. Summary for Section 2—ACES as the Future Mobility: Background
		10.4. Summary for Section 3—Concise Overview of ACES
		10.5. Summary for Section 4—Disruptions, Challenges, and Benefits of ACES
		10.6. Required Future Efforts for ACES Mass Deployment
			10.6.1. Technical
			10.6.2. Legal
			10.6.3. Social
			10.6.4. Process and Procedures
		10.7. It Is a Bumpy Road, But It Is Not Impossible
		10.8. The Dream and Hope for This Book
		10.9. Summary and Conclusion
		References
Index
About the Author
Back Cover