Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
Birth of Isokrates......Page 22
The augury of the Platonic Sokrates......Page 24
Early relations with the Sophists, especially with Gorgias......Page 25
Life of Isokrates to 404 b.c.......Page 26
Stay of Isokrates at Chios, 404---403 b.c.......Page 27
Work at Athens for the law-courts, 403---393 b.c. Later repudiation of Forensic Rhetoric......Page 28
392 b.c. Beginning of his career as (1) an educator, (2) a publicist......Page 29
The Discourse `Against the Sophists.' Leading ideas of the Isokratic culture......Page 30
First period of his school, 392---378 b.c. The years 378---376. Second period of the school, 376---351......Page 31
Third period of the school, 351---338 b.c. : its renown......Page 33
Influence of Isokrates as a political writer......Page 34
Isokrates and Greece.---Conflict of tendencies in the 4th century b.c.: the Panegyrikos and the De Pace. Separation of Society from the State......Page 35
Athenian cosmopolitanism......Page 37
The three special evils of the time......Page 38
Idea of an invasion of Asia---possible leaders for it: Athens and Sparta: Jason of Pherae: Dionysios I.: Archidamos III.: Philip......Page 39
War with Persia as a cure for the ills of Greece......Page 41
Relations of Isokrates with Philip......Page 42
Tendency of the age towards Monarchy......Page 43
The view of Isokrates compared with that of Aristotle......Page 45
Isokrates and Athens. Foreign affairs......Page 46
Home Affairs......Page 47
Social life.---Isokrates on foreign policy......Page 49
On home policy......Page 50
Private life of Isokrates......Page 51
His death. Difficulties in the ordinary account......Page 52
Character of Isokrates......Page 55
Usage of the term `philosophy' in the time of Isokrates......Page 57
Modern prejudice against him caused by his use of it.---His Theory of Culture described (1) negatively, (2) positively......Page 60
Definition---Relation of Isokrates to his professional brethren. What he means by `Sophist'......Page 62
Analogy of Sophistic to Journalism.---Distinctive merits of Isokrates as a popular educator......Page 63
Isokrates and the Sokratics.---His relation to Sokrates......Page 70
Supposed references of Plato to Isokrates......Page 71
Supposed references of Isokrates to Plato......Page 72
Isokratic preference of Opinion to Knowledge---its relation to the Platonic antithesis......Page 73
Probable relations between Plato and Isokrates......Page 74
Isokrates less an orator than an artist in rhetorical prose......Page 75
Rhetoric at Athens about 390 b.c.---Distinctive aim of Isokrates......Page 76
Dionysios on the `smooth harmony'......Page 77
Representatives of this style in poetry---in prose. Diction of Isokrates---its purity......Page 79
His composition......Page 80
Prose-rhythm......Page 81
The periodic style---how developed by Isokrates......Page 82
His use of Figures---`trope' and `figure'......Page 84
Figures of Language......Page 85
Earlier and later manner of Isokrates.---Figures of thought.---Avoidance of `hiatus'......Page 87
Treatment of subject-matter.---Invention......Page 88
Arrangement......Page 89
Isokrates compared with the practical orator......Page 91
His real province. Influence of his work on contemporaries......Page 93
Its later in fluence. Cicero......Page 94
Influence of Isokrates on the Greek language......Page 95
Modern analogue for his oratory---that of the pulpit......Page 96
Areopagitikos, §§ 51---54......Page 97
Panegyrikos, §§ 103---106......Page 98
Helenae Encomium, §§ 54---58......Page 99
CHAPTER XV - ISOKRATES.---WORKS......Page 101
PRINCIPLE OF CLASSIFICATION.---SCHOLASTIC WRITINGS......Page 102
SCHOLASTIC WRITINGS......Page 105
POLITICAL WRITINGS......Page 171
CHAPTER XVII - ISOKRATES.---WORKS......Page 235
FORENSIC SPEECHES......Page 236
LETTERS. FRAGMENTS......Page 259
Comparative scantiness of materials---its significance......Page 282
Probable date for the birth of Isaeos---his parentage......Page 283
The revolt of Euboea. Was Isaeos a citizen of Athens?......Page 284
His education.---Isokrates......Page 285
Lysias. Forensic work of Isaeos---almost wholly in Private Causes......Page 286
First group of Speeches. Second group......Page 287
Isaeos and Demosthenes......Page 288
Antiphon and Isaeos......Page 290
Principle of selection followed by Dionysios in his Essays......Page 293
Distinction of Isaeos according to Dionysios. The estimate needs qualification......Page 294
Isaeos compared with Lysias. Diction......Page 295
Composition......Page 297
Proems of Lysias and Isaeos compared......Page 298
Êthos in Isaeos......Page 303
His use of Figures......Page 304
Hiatus......Page 306
Treatment of Subject-matter. Variety of Arrangement......Page 307
Proem. Narrative......Page 308
Proof. Enthymeme and Epicheireme......Page 310
Example: Or. vii......Page 312
Isaeos `For Euphiletos'......Page 313
Iteration in argument. Epilogue......Page 317
Isaeos and Lysias compared to schools of painting......Page 318
Hermogenes on Isaeos......Page 319
Isaeos and Lysias---summary......Page 320
Isaeos and Demosthenes. Criticism of Dionysios---subject to a reserve......Page 321
Careers of Isaeos and Demosthenes.---Demosthenes engaged in Private Causes: in Public Causes: in Politics......Page 322
Resulting difference......Page 323
Likenes of Demosthenes to Isaeos---in Composition: in Treatment of Subject-matter, especially of Proof......Page 324
`The art of grappling'......Page 325
Example from Isaeos......Page 326
Agonistic epilogue in Isaeos---Or. vi......Page 327
Epilogues of the Speeches Against Onetor......Page 328
Demosthenes essentially manifold......Page 329
Various colouring of the Demosthenic Private Speeches.---Place of Isaeos in Attic Oratory---between [GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA] and [GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]......Page 330
His meaning, relatively to Demosthenes,---and in himself......Page 331
Proportion of extant to lost works......Page 332
Speeches of Isaeos wholly Forensic; and almost wholly Private. Their Subjects. Principal class---the [GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA]......Page 333
The [GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA] classified by legal form.---Peculiar interest of these Speeches......Page 335
Origin of Testation. The Faculty of Adoption. Athenian law of Succession......Page 336
The Hindoo system---The Roman. Relation of the Athenian to these, in form, and in spirit......Page 337
Athenian rules of inheritance......Page 338
I. Trials of Claim to an Inheritance ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA]). 1. On the Estate of Kleonymos [Or. i.]......Page 340
II. Actions for False Witness ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU])......Page 357
III. Action to compel the discharge of a Suretyship. ([GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA]). On the Estate of Dikaeogenes [Or. v.]......Page 369
IV. Indictment of a Guardian for maltreatment of a Ward. ([GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI]) On the Estate of Hagnias [Or. xi.]......Page 375
V. Appeal ([GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]) from Arbitration to a Dikastery. For Euphiletos [Or. xii.]......Page 381
Remarks. Character of the Collection as regards matter and as regards form.---The typical Speeches---v., xi., viii......Page 383
Deliberative Oratory as an Art---moulded on the Forensic and Epideictic......Page 390
Reasons for this: I. Relation of Oratory to Rhetoric......Page 391
II. Union of Military and Political functions......Page 392
III. Outer history of Athens......Page 393
Extant literature of the Political Oratory, 354---324 b.c.......Page 394
Deinarchos......Page 395
Lykurgos......Page 396
His speech Against Leokrates. Character of his Oratory......Page 397
Two elements of his style......Page 398
Extracts from the Speech Against Leokrates:m§§ 16---18: §§ 39---42......Page 399
§§ 146---150......Page 400
Significance of the result......Page 401
Hypereides......Page 402
His relation to Isokrates and to Lysias. Sympathies of Lysias and Hypereides with Comedy......Page 403
Style of Hypereides, as characterised (1) by Dionysios, (2) by Hermogenes, (3) by the author of the[GREEK SMALL LETTER PI]......Page 404
Extant work of Hypereides. Speech Against Euxenippos......Page 408
Col. xxx---xxxiv., ed. Blass......Page 409
The Funeral Oration. Col v---vii......Page 410
Col. xiii---xiv......Page 411
Epilogue of the Epitaphios......Page 412
Lykurgos and Hypereides---summary......Page 413
Aeschines compared with Andokides. Aeschines the orator, as conceived by himself......Page 414
Aeschines untrained in Rhetoric. His style......Page 415
His training as an actor: as a scribe......Page 416
Character of Aeschines as an orator......Page 417
Demosthenes---his place in the development as viewed by Dionysios......Page 418
Dionysios is right, and by the right process. Aeschines and Demosthenes---the Speeches on the Crown. Origin of the case against Ktesiphon......Page 419
Extraordinary interest of the cause. The antagonists......Page 421
Speech of Aeschines. In Ctes. § 130---134......Page 422
§§ 168---170......Page 424
§§ 173---176......Page 425
§§ 256---260......Page 426
Fatal weakness of the Speech. Reply of Demosthenes......Page 428
De Corona §§ 168---191......Page 429
§§ 199---209......Page 433
Tone of the Speech......Page 435
The two perorations compared. De Corona §§ 322---324......Page 436
The enthusiasm of Demosthenes---its character......Page 437
Two early tendencies---the Rhetorical and the Gorgian. Outline of the development......Page 440
Antiphon and Thucydides. The `austere' style not forensic......Page 441
Thucydides......Page 442
His speeches---how far influenced by the Sicilian Rhetoric. Bent of Thucydides in expression......Page 443
Thucydides and Demosthenes. Kritias and Andokides. Thrasymachos---his services......Page 444
Place of Thrasymachos in the history. Lysias......Page 445
Isokrates. His work compared with that of Lysias. He founds a Normal Prose. Estimate of the Epideictic branch......Page 446
The School of Isokrates. The Isokratic Prose---meant chiefly for readers......Page 447
Its broad characteristics. Its influence on History-writing......Page 448
Theopompos---Ephoros---Theodektes---Kephisodoros. The Isokratic type becomes the standard of prose. Its rivals. Its influence---how far felt by Plato......Page 449
Isokrates and Xenophon......Page 451
Isokrates and Aristotle as theorists......Page 452
The Political Oratory is eclectic, but fundamentally Isokratic. Isokrates and modern prose......Page 453
Loss of Political Freedom---how far a cause of the decline. Deliberative Oratory......Page 454
Forensic. Epideictic......Page 455
Ultimate cause of the decline. The great Greek art was popular,......Page 456
but not therefore the less ideal......Page 457
Gulf between Hellas and Hellenism. The artists of Hellenism and their patrons......Page 458
Meaning of Asianism......Page 459
Essential difference, in oratory, between it and Atticism. Course of the decline and the revival......Page 460
Source of the vices in style---exaggeration. Its two chief forms. These tendencies universal, 320---250 b.c.......Page 461
Demetrios Phalereus---Kallisthenes---Timaeos---Kleitarchos---Hegesias......Page 462
Period from 250 to 150 b.c. obscure......Page 463
Cicero on the two kinds of Asianism. Atticism prepared by Hermagoras......Page 464
Revival of a Theory. Phases of Rhetoric---the Practical: the Philosophical......Page 465
The Scholastic: its uses to Greece and to Rome. Revival of Sculpture contemporary with Atticism. So-called Rhodian School......Page 466
A mere compromise in favour of Atticism. Its merit. Roman view of Oratory. Progress of the Greek viewat Rome......Page 467
Declamations---favourable to Asianism. Roman Schools of Rhetoric---Hortensius......Page 468
Cicero. Calvus......Page 469
Messalla Corvinus. The sects of Roman Atticism; Xenophontics; Thucydideans; Lysians and Hypereideans; Dernosthenics. Fruits of Atticism for Rome and for Greece......Page 470
Dionysios---the literary critic of antiquity. Scope of work chosen by him and by Caecilius. Technical Rhetoric not their field......Page 471
Aesthetic criticism now needed. Discrimination of true and spurious writings. Special work of Dionysios and of Caecilius......Page 472
Asianism as viewed by Cicero and by Greek Atticists. Dionysios on the decline and the revival......Page 473
Permanent results of the revival......Page 475
REGISTER......Page 477
INDEX......Page 480