Atlas Of Sonoanatomy For Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine

COVER......Page 1
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 8
Scanning Plane......Page 9
Transducer and Image Orientation......Page 10
Image Optimization......Page 11
Axis of Intervention......Page 12
Field of View and Needle Visibility......Page 14
Anisotropy......Page 15
Nerve......Page 16
Bone......Page 17
Tissue Harmonic Imaging......Page 18
Compound Imaging......Page 19
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound......Page 20
Artifacts......Page 22
The Elderly Patient......Page 25
Doppler Ultrasound: The Basics......Page 26
Color Doppler......Page 28
Power Doppler......Page 29
Aliasing......Page 30
Spectral Broadening......Page 31
Basic Steps for Doppler Imaging......Page 32
Suggested Reading......Page 33
Gross Anatomy......Page 35
Gross Anatomy......Page 44
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Neck and Interscalene Region......Page 46
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Neck and Interscalene Region......Page 47
Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Interscalene Groove......Page 49
Assessment of Diaphragm Excursions......Page 56
Gross Anatomy......Page 57
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Supraclavicular Fossa......Page 58
Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Supraclavicular Fossa......Page 59
Gross Anatomy......Page 62
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 64
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 65
Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Medial Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 68
Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Lateral Infraclavicular Fossa......Page 81
Gross Anatomy......Page 85
Technique of Ultrasound Imaging of the Brachial Plexus at the Axilla......Page 87
Gross Anatomy......Page 93
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midhumeral Region......Page 96
Technique of Ultrasound Imaging for the Median and Ulnar Nerve at the Midhumeral Region......Page 97
Gross Anatomy......Page 100
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Midhumeral Region (Radial Nerve)......Page 101
Ultrasound Scan Technique for Radial Nerve at the Radial Groove......Page 102
Ultrasound Scan Technique for Radial Nerve at the Lateral Aspect of the Arm......Page 105
Gross Anatomy......Page 107
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Elbow Region......Page 109
Elbow Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 111
Gross Anatomy......Page 117
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midforearm......Page 118
Midforearm Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 119
References......Page 126
Gross Anatomy......Page 129
Gross Anatomy......Page 133
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Inguinal Region......Page 136
Femoral Nerve Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 137
Gross Anatomy......Page 141
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Upper Thigh......Page 142
Obturator Nerve Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 143
Gross Anatomy......Page 147
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 149
Gross Anatomy......Page 152
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midfemoral/Adductor Canal Region......Page 155
Midfemoral/Adductor Canal Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 156
Gross Anatomy......Page 160
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Parasacral Region......Page 162
Sciatic Nerve – Parasacral Region Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 163
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Subgluteal Region......Page 169
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Subgluteal Region......Page 170
Sciatic Nerve at the Subgluteal Region – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 171
Gross Anatomy......Page 176
Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve – Infragluteal Region......Page 178
Sciatic Nerve at the Infragluteal Region – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 179
Gross Anatomy......Page 182
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa......Page 184
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa......Page 186
Sciatic Nerve at the Popliteal Fossa – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 188
Gross Anatomy......Page 194
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve at the Thigh......Page 195
Sciatic Nerve at the Thigh – Anterior Approach Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 196
Gross Anatomy......Page 198
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Terminal Nerves of the Leg......Page 204
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Terminal Nerves of the Leg......Page 205
Terminal Nerves of the Leg – Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 206
References......Page 212
Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall......Page 214
Nerves of the Anterior Abdominal Wall......Page 221
Computed Tomography Abdomen Showing the Lateral (Midaxillary) Transverse Abdominis Plane......Page 223
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 224
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abdomen Showing the Subcostal Transverse Abdominis Plane......Page 227
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 228
Gross Anatomy......Page 231
Computed Tomography Abdomen Showing the Rectus Abdominis Muscle......Page 232
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abdomen Showing the Rectus Abdominis Muscle......Page 233
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 234
Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve......Page 239
Computed Tomography Abdomen – Transverse View at the Level of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine......Page 240
MRI Abdomen – Transverse View at the Level of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine......Page 241
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 242
Gross Anatomy......Page 244
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 246
References......Page 250
Basics of Spine Anatomy......Page 252
Ultrasound Scan Planes......Page 258
Sonoanatomy of the Osseous Elements of the Spine......Page 262
References......Page 273
Basic Cervical Spine Anatomy......Page 276
Typical Cervical Vertebra (C3 to C6)......Page 278
Atlas (C1)......Page 284
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Cervical Spine......Page 285
Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Cervical Spine......Page 290
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 298
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 305
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 307
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 313
References......Page 316
Basic Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine......Page 318
Typical Thoracic Vertebrae......Page 321
Gross Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 323
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 324
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 326
Gross Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 328
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 329
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Midthoracic Spine (T5–T8)......Page 331
Gross Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 333
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 334
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 336
Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic Spine – Basic Considerations......Page 338
Ultrasound Imaging of the Upper Thoracic Spine (T1–T4)......Page 343
Ultrasound Imaging of the Midthoracic Spine (T5-T8)......Page 347
Ultrasound Imaging of the Lower Thoracic Spine (T9–T12)......Page 353
Identification of Thoracic Intervertebral Spaces Using Ultrasound......Page 355
References......Page 356
Basic Lumbar Spine Anatomy......Page 358
Typical Lumbar Vertebra......Page 359
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra (L5)......Page 361
Gross Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 362
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 366
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine......Page 369
Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 373
Transverse Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 397
Sagittal Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbar Spine......Page 398
References......Page 399
Basic Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 401
Gross Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 403
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 404
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Sacrum......Page 405
Ultrasound Imaging of the Sacrum for Caudal Epidural Injection – Basic Considerations......Page 406
Ultrasound Imaging of the Sacrum for Caudal Epidural Injection......Page 408
Clinical Pearls......Page 411
Basic Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 412
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 414
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 416
Ultrasound Imaging of the Lumbosacral Interlaminar Space......Page 418
Clinical Pearls......Page 424
References......Page 427
Gross Anatomy......Page 428
Innervation of the Breast......Page 439
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 440
Clinical Pearls......Page 461
References......Page 462
Gross Anatomy......Page 464
Communications of the Thoracic Paravertebral Space......Page 468
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 469
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 471
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 474
Three-Dimensional Sonography of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region......Page 504
Reference......Page 508
Gross Anatomy......Page 511
Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Lumbar Paravertebral Region......Page 518
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Lumbar Paravertebral Region......Page 519
Ultrasound Scan Technique......Page 522
Clinical Pearls......Page 538
References......Page 541
INDEX......Page 544