Atlas of natural and induced fractures in core

Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Foreword......Page 13
Preface......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 17
 Scale of Interest......Page 19
 Organization of the Atlas......Page 20
 Limitations of Using Photographs to Illustrate Fractures......Page 21
 Core Marking Conventions and Terminology......Page 22
 Definitions......Page 23
 References......Page 25
Part 1 Natural Fractures......Page 27
Section A Extension Fractures......Page 29
  A1a  Introduction......Page 31
  A1b Fractography of High-Angle Extension Fractures......Page 32
  A1c Extension Fracture Dimensions......Page 39
  A1d Extension Fracture Variations and Lithologic Influences......Page 51
  A1e High-Angle Extension Fracture Intersections......Page 61
  A1f High-Angle Extension Fractures in Deviated Core......Page 65
  References......Page 67
  A2a  Inclined Extension Fractures in Horizontally Bedded Strata......Page 69
  A2b Inclined Extension Fractures in Inclined Strata......Page 71
  A2c Vertical Extension Fractures in Inclined Strata......Page 72
  A3a Beef-Filled Fractures......Page 73
  A3c NOT Horizontal Extension Fractures......Page 75
  References......Page 76
Section B Shear Fractures......Page 77
  B1a Nomenclature......Page 79
  B1b Anderson’s Shear Fracture/Fault Classification......Page 80
  References......Page 81
 Chapter B2 Shear Fracture Dimensions......Page 83
  References......Page 84
  B3a Slickensides, Slickenlines, and Accretionary Steps......Page 85
  B3b En Echelon Segments......Page 87
  B3c Steps......Page 89
  B3d Pinch and Swell......Page 90
  B3f Slickencrysts......Page 93
  B3g Other Evidence for Shear......Page 94
  References......Page 96
  B4b High-Angle Strike-Slip Shear Fractures......Page 97
  B4c Non-Ideal High-Angle Shear Fractures......Page 100
  References......Page 102
 Chapter B5 Intermediate-Angle Shear Fractures......Page 103
 Chapter B6 Low-Angle Shear Fractures......Page 107
 Chapter B7 Bed-Parallel Shear Fractures......Page 111
 Chapter B8 Deformation Bands......Page 115
  References......Page 118
 Chapter B9 Faults......Page 119
Section C Other Types of Natural Fractures......Page 123
 Chapter C1 Introduction......Page 125
 Chapter C2 Microfractures......Page 127
  References......Page 128
 Chapter C3 Ptygmatically Folded Fractures......Page 129
  Reference......Page 134
 Chapter C4 Fissures......Page 135
 Chapter C5 Veins......Page 137
 Chapter C6 Expulsion Structures......Page 139
  Reference......Page 141
 Chapter C7 Syn-Sedimentary Fractures......Page 143
  Reference......Page 149
 Chapter C8 Compound/Reactivated Fractures......Page 151
  Reference......Page 154
 Chapter C9 Shattered Rock......Page 155
 Chapter C10 Karst Breccias......Page 157
  Reference......Page 159
 Chapter C11 Pocket-Size Geomechanical Systems......Page 161
 Chapter C12 Stylolites......Page 165
  References......Page 168
Section D Mineralization......Page 169
  D1a Introduction......Page 171
  D1b Calcite Mineralization......Page 172
  D1c Other Types of Mineralization......Page 178
  D1d Oil and Bitumen......Page 181
  D1e False Mineralization......Page 185
  References......Page 188
Part 2 Induced Fractures......Page 189
 Chapter 2A Introduction......Page 191
  Reference......Page 192
 Chapter 2B Petal and Saddle Fractures......Page 193
  References......Page 202
 Chapter 2C Centerline Fractures......Page 203
  References......Page 214
 Chapter 2D Disc Fractures......Page 215
  References......Page 225
 Chapter 2E Scribe-Knife Fractures ......Page 227
  Reference......Page 229
 Chapter 2F Torque and Helical Twist Fractures......Page 231
 Chapter 2G Core-Compression Fractures......Page 237
 Chapter 2H Percussion-Induced Fractures......Page 239
 Chapter 2I Bending Fractures with Barbs......Page 243
  Reference......Page 245
 Chapter 2J Irregular Crack Networks......Page 247
 Chapter 2K Induced Fractures with Curved Strikes......Page 251
 Chapter 2L Waterflood-Related Fractures......Page 255
  References......Page 257
 Chapter 2M Cored Hydraulic Fractures......Page 259
  References......Page 261
Part 3 Artifacts......Page 263
 Chapter 3A Introduction......Page 265
 Chapter 3B Core Tops and Core Bases......Page 267
 Chapter 3C1 Core-Catcher Drag......Page 271
 Chapter 3C2 Core Orientation Scribe Grooves......Page 275
 Chapter 3C3 Irregular Core Diameters......Page 279
 Chapter 3C4 Pinion Holes......Page 281
 Chapter 3D1 Spinoffs......Page 283
 Chapter 3D2 Twice-Turned Core......Page 287
 Chapter 3E Saw Scars......Page 289
 Chapter 3F1 Core Plucking......Page 295
 Chapter 3F2 Scratches......Page 297
 Chapter 3F3 Drill-Mud Erosion......Page 299
 Chapter 3F4 Core-Parting Enigmas......Page 301
 Chapter 3F5 Polished Fracture Surfaces in Horizontal Cores......Page 303
 Chapter 3F6 Tip Polish......Page 305
 Chapter 3F7 Slab-Plane Consistency......Page 309
 Chapter 3F8 Illusions......Page 313
 Chapter 3F9 Coring-Related Rock Alteration on Core Surfaces......Page 317
Index......Page 319
EULA......Page 324