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دانلود کتاب Atlas of head and neck pathology
دانلود کتاب اطلس آسیب شناسی سر و گردن
مشخصات کتاب
Atlas of head and neck pathology
ویرایش: 3
نویسندگان: Bruce M. Wenig
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9781455733828, 2015015063
ناشر: Elsevier
سال نشر: 2016
تعداد صفحات: 1718
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 610 مگابایت
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Atlas of Head and Neck Pathology Copyright page Dedication In Memoriam Preface to the Third Edition Chapter 1 1 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Sinonasal Tract Nasal Cavity Embryology Anatomic Borders (Figs. 1-1 and 1-2) Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Histology (Figs. 1-3 and 1-4) Paranasal Sinuses Embryology Anatomic Borders (see Fig. 1-1) Osteomeatal Complex or Unit Ethmoid Sinuses Frontal Sinuses Sphenoid Sinuses Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Arteries and Veins Lymphatics Histology (see Fig. 1-1) Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 2 2 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Sinonasal Tract Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Sinonasal Tract Rhinosinusitis (Figs. 2-1 through 2-6) Clinical Allergic Rhinosinusitis Infectious Rhinosinusitis Atrophic Rhinosinusitis Aspirin Intolerance or Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) Radiology of Rhinosinusitis Acute Rhinosinusitis Chronic Rhinosinusitis Pathology of Nonspecific Chronic Rhinosinusitis Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Inflammatory Polyps (Figs. 2-7 through 2-12) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Antrochoanal Polyp (Figs. 2-13 through 2-16) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Paranasal Sinus Mucocele (Figs. 2-17 through 2-20) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Heterotopic Central Nervous System Tissue (HCNST) (Figs. 2-21 through 2-24) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Encephalocele (Figs. 2-25 through 2-27) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nasal Dermoid Sinus and Cyst (Figs. 2-28 and 2-29) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) (Figs. 2-30 and 2-31) Clinical Pathology Electron Microscopy Normal Cilia Findings in Immotile Cilia Syndrome Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Hamartomas Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) (Figs. 2-32 and 2-33) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Seromucinous Hamartoma (SH) (Figs. 2-34 and 2-35) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondro-Osseous and Respiratory Epithelial (CORE) Hamartoma (Fig. 2-36) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma (NCH) (Figs. 2-37 and 2-38) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Infectious-Related Diseases of the Sinonasal Tract Fungal Diseases (Figs. 2-39 and 2-40) Aspergillosis Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (AFS) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mycetoma (“Fungus Ball”) (Figs. 2-41 and 2-42) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (Fig. 2-43) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Mucormycosis (Figs. 2-44 through 2-46) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhinosporidiosis (Figs. 2-47 and 2-48) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Fungi (Fig. 2-49) Bacterial Infections Rhinoscleroma (Fig. 2-50) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Miscellaneous Sinonasal Bacterial Infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Botryomycosis) (Fig. 2-51) Mycobacteria leprae (Fig. 2-52) Other Mycobacterial Infections Syphilis Protozoal Nasal Infections Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (Fig. 2-53) Viral Infections Sarcoidosis Myospherulosis (Fig. 2-54) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (ESHML) (Fig. 2-55) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Figs. 2-56 through 2-59) Clinical Localized Upper Aerodigestive Tract (UADT) GPA Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Necrotizing Sialometaplasia (NS) Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis (EAF) (Fig. 2-61) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis IgG4-Related Diseases Further Reading Further Reading Rhinosinusitis Sinonasal Inflammatory Polyps Antrochoanal Polyp Mucocele Heterotopic Central Nervous System Tissue Sinonasal Encephalocele Nasal Dermoid Sinus Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) Seromucinous Hamartoma Chondro-Osseous and Respiratory Epithelial (CORE) Hamartomas Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma Sinonasal Fungal Diseases and Allergic Fungal Sinusitis, Mycetoma, and Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Sinonasal Mucormycosis Rhinosporidiosis Other Fungi Rhinoscleroma Miscellaneous Bacteria (Leprosy, Botryomycosis, Syphilis) Leishmaniasis Sarcoidosis Myospherulosis Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Chapter 3 4 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Oral Cavity Embryology of the Oral Cavity Contents of the Oral Cavity Anatomic Borders of the Oral Cavity Histology (Figs. 4-4 and 4-5) Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Further Reading Further Reading Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology Chapter 4 5 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Oral Cavity Classification of Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Oral Cavity (Box 5-1) Cystic (Non-Neoplastic) Lesions of the Oral Cavity Nonodontogenic Developmental Cysts Nonodontogenic Nondevelopmental Cysts Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst (Fig. 5-1) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Odontogenic Cysts Odontogenic Developmental Cysts Dentigerous Cyst (Figs. 5-2 and 5-3) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Eruption Cyst Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) (Fig. 5-6) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Odontogenic Nondevelopmental Cysts Radicular or Periapical Cyst (Figs. 5-8 through 5-9) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Heterotopias (Choristomas) of the Oral Cavity Fordyce Granules (Fig. 5-10) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Oral Choristomas (Fig. 5-12) Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Lingual Thyroid Infectious Diseases of the Oral Cavity Fungal Diseases Oral Candidiasis (Fig. 5-13) Clinical Features Pseudomembranous Candidiasis or Thrush Erythematous Candidiasis Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Other Fungi Viral Diseases of the Oral Cavity Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) (Figs. 5-14 and 5-15) Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (Fig. 5-16) Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Bacterial Diseases Bacteria and Spirochetes Mycobacterial Infections Reactive, Inflammatory, and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Oral Cavity Oral HPV-Associated Epithelial Lesions Verruca Vulgaris (VV) of the Oral Mucosa (Fig. 5-18) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Condyloma Acuminatum Clinical Oral Mucosal Condyloma Acuminatum (Fig. 5-19) Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (FEH) (Fig. 5-20) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oral EBV-Associated Epithelial Lesions Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) (Figs. 5-21 and 5-22) Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Noninfectious Benign Epithelial Lesions Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia (PEH) (Fig. 5-23) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Necrotizing Sialometaplasia (Fig. 5-24) Mesenchymal Lesions Irritation Fibroma (Fig. 5-25) Clinical Epulis Fissuratum Retrocuspid Papule Pathology Gross Histology Epulis Fissuratum Retrocuspid Papule Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Giant Cell Fibroma (Fig. 5-26) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oral Fibrosing Lesions Oral Submucous Fibrosis (Fig. 5-27) Gingival Fibromatosis Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Non-Neoplastic Osseous-Related Lesions of the Head and Neck Giant Cell Granuloma (Figs. 5-28 through 5-30) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Selective Autoimmune, Allergic, Systemic, Cutaneous-Type, and Miscellaneous Diseases Affecting the Oral Cavity Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Ras) Clinical Minor Aphthous Stomatitis Major Aphthous Stomatitis Herpetiform Aphthous Stomatitis General Comments Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oral Lichen Planus (Olp) (Fig. 5-33) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Oral Cavity (Nondevelopmental) Cysts Odontogenic Cysts Dentigerous Cyst Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Eruption Cyst Radicular (Periapical) Cyst Oral Heterotopia Other Oral Heterotopias Oral Candidiasis Viral Diseases of the Oral Cavity Verruca Vulgaris of the Oral Mucosa Condyloma Acuminatum Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Fibroma Giant Cell Fibroma Fibromatosis to Include Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Gingival Fibromatosis Giant Cell Granuloma Selective Autoimmune, Allergic, Systemic, Cutaneous-Type, and Miscellaneous Diseases Affecting the Oral Cavity Chapter 5 6 Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity General Considerations Benign Neoplasms Classification of Oral Cavity Benign Neoplasms (Box 6-1) Papilloma (Figs. 6-1 and 6-2) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Minor Salivary Gland Tumors Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor of the Anterior Tongue (Figs. 6-3 and 6-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mesenchymal Neoplasms Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Neoplasms General Considerations Granular Cell Tumor Mucosal Granular Cell Tumor Congenital Granular Cell Epulis (Fig. 6-5) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Mucosal Neuroma (Fig. 6-6) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Fibrous Tumors Fibromatosis/Extraabdominal Fibromatoses Myofibroma and Myofibromatosis (Fig. 6-8) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Vascular Tumors Benign Lipogenic Tumors Benign Myogenic Tumors Benign Fibrohistiocytic Tumors Benign Fibro-Osseous Lesions of Craniofacial Bones (Table 6-1) Ossifying Fibroma (Fig. 6-9 and 6-10) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma Fibrous Dysplasia (Figs. 6-11 and 6-12) Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Polyostotic with Endocrinopathy or McCune-Albright Syndrome General Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Giant Cell Tumor of the Head and Neck (Figs. 6-13 and 6-14) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue (Osteoclastoma of Soft Tissue) Osteoblastoma (Figs. 6-15 and 6-16) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Aggressive Osteoblastoma Malignant Osteoblastoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Odontogenic Neoplasms Ameloblastoma (Figs. 6-17 through 6-19) Ameloblastoma, Solid/ Multicystic Type Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ameloblastoma, Unicystic Type (Figs. 6-23 and 6-24) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Luminal Type (Intraepithelial Type) Intraluminal Type Mural Type Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ameloblastoma, Desmoplastic Type (Figs. 6-25 and 6-26) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ameloblastoma, Peripheral Type Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) or Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT) (Figs. 6-27 and 6-28) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) (Figs. 6-29 and 6-30) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT) (Figs. 6-31 and 6-32) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Intraosseous CEOT Extraosseous CEOT Treatment and Prognosis Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor (CCOT) (Figs. 6.33-6.34) Clinical Pathology Histology (for both intraosseous and extraosseous CCOT) Treatment and Prognosis Odontogenic Myxoma (Figs. 6-35 and 6-36) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Teratoma Malignant Tumors Potentially Malignant Disorders Oral Leukoplakia (OL) (Figs. 6-38 through 6-40) Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) (Fig. 6-41) Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 6-2) Treatment and Prognosis Oral Erythroplakia (Fig. 6-42) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Actinic Cheilitis (Fig. 6-43) Clinical Features Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Keratinizing and Nonkeratinizing Dysplasia Head and Neck Carcinoma General Considerations Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Oral Cavity General Considerations Surgical Specimens Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lip (Fig. 6-49) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue (Fig. 6-50) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Floor of Mouth (Fig. 6-51) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gingiva, Including Retromolar Trigone and Alveolar Mucosa (Fig. 6-52) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Buccal Mucosa (Fig. 6-53) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hard Palate (Fig. 6-54) Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant (Minor) Salivary Gland Tumors of the Oral Cavity Cribriform Adenocarcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands Nonepithelial Malignant Neoplasms Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Oral Cavity Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Hematolymphoid Malignant Neoplasms General Considerations Oral Cavity Hematolymphoid Malignancies Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Sarcomas of the Oral Cavity Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) Liposarcoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Fibrosarcoma Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) (Fig. 6-58) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Angiosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) (Figs. 6-59 and 6-60) Clinical “Classic” Indolent or Chronic KS AIDS-Related KS Iatrogenic (Transplantation-Associated) KS Endemic (African) KS Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Matrix-Forming and Related Malignant Neoplasms Osteosarcoma General Considerations Craniofacial Conventional Osteosarcoma (Excluding in Association with Paget Disease): Gnathic Osteosarcoma (Osteosarcoma of Jaw Bones) (Figs. 6-62 and 6-63) Pathology Gross Histology Histologic Variants of Osteosarcoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondrosarcoma General Considerations Maxillofacial (Gnathic) and Skull Base Chondrosarcoma (Figs. 6-64 and 6-65) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma (Fig. 6-67) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Odontogenic Neoplasms Secondary Neoplasms to the Oral Cavity Further Reading Further Reading Squamous Papilloma, Including Florid Oral Papillomatosis Benign Salivary Gland Tumors Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor of the Tongue Granular Cell Tumor and Congenital Epulis Mucosal Neuroma Myofibroma and Myofibromatosis Benign Fibro-osseous Lesions Giant Cell Tumor Osteoblastoma Ameloblastoma Odontogenic Keratocyst Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor (CCOT) Odontogenic Myxoma Malignant Neoplasms Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia Oral Erythroplakia Actinic Cheilitis Head and Neck Cancer General Considerations Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Oral Cavity Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Oral Cavity Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Hematopoietic Malignant Neoplasms Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Including Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Secondary Neoplasms to the Oral Cavity Chapter 6 7 Intraoperative Consultation in Oral Cavity Mucosal Lesions Indications Surgeon’s Expectations Specimen Handling and Orientation Right Angle (Perpendicular) Versus Parallel (en Face) Sections Surgical Resection Margins Definition of a “Positive” Margin (Fig. 7-3) Dysplastic Epithelium (Fig. 7-4) Adequacy of Resection Margins Factors Affecting Margin Status and Prognosis (Fig. 7-5) Tissue Shrinkage and Surgical Margins Differential Diagnosis or Pitfalls in the Intraoperative Assessment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Including Intraepithelial Dysplasia and Invasive Carcinoma Reactive Epithelial Changes Postirradiation Changes (Figs. 7-7 through 7-9) Juxtaoral Organ of Chievitz (Fig. 7-10) Contraindications Intraoperative Rapid Immunohistochemical Assessment Molecular Biology in the Assessment of Surgical Margins (“Molecular Margins”) Accuracy Lymph Nodes Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Further Reading Further Reading Intraoperative Consultation: Upper Aerodigestive Tract Chapter 7 8 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Pharynx Pharynx Embryology of the Pharynx Contents of the Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Anatomic Borders of the Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx Anatomic Borders Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Histology of the Pharynx Nasopharynx (Fig. 8-4) Oropharynx (Figs. 8-6 and 8-7) Hypopharynx Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 8 3 Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract Classification of Neoplasms of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus (Table 3-1) General Considerations TNM Classification for Sinonasal Tract Neoplasms (Table 3-1) Anatomic Site Nasal Cavity Maxillary Sinus (Fig. 3-1) Benign Neoplasms Schneiderian Papillomas (Table 3-2, Figs. 3-2 through 3-10) Clinical Pathology Schneiderian Papilloma, Inverted Type Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Schneiderian Papilloma, Exophytic (Septal) Type Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Schneiderian Papilloma, Oncocytic Type Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis (for All Papilloma Types) Squamous Papilloma of the Nasal Vestibule Clinical Benign Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms Lobular Capillary Hemangioma (LCH) (Figs. 3-11 and 3-12) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Benign Vascular Tumors Sinonasal Hemangiopericytoma- like Tumor (Glomangiopericytoma) (Figs. 3-13 through 3-15) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Tract Meningioma (Fig. 3-16) Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma (EPA) (Fig. 3-17) Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 3-3) Treatment and Prognosis Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT), Extrapleural (Fig. 3-18) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Benign Schwannoma and Neurofibroma) (Fig. 3-19) Benign Schwannoma Neurofibroma Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Fig. 3-20) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Leiomyoma (Figs. 3-21 and 3-22) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Smooth Muscle Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential (SMTUMP) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhabdomyoma Osseous, Fibro-Osseous, and Cartilaginous Tumors/Lesions Osteoma (Figs. 3-23 and 3-24) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Fibro-osseous Lesions of Craniofacial Bones Psammomatoid (Active) Ossifying Fibroma (Figs. 3-25 and 3-26) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondroma (Fig. 3-27) Clinical Sinonasal Myxoma and Fibromyxoma (Figs. 3-28 through 3-32) Clinical Facial Skeletal–Derived Myxoma Myxoma of Soft Tissues Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ossifying (and Nonossifying) Fibromyxoid Tumor (OFMT) (Fig. 3-34) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Ameloblastoma (Figs. 3-35 and 3-36) Primary Sinonasal Ameloblastoma Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Neoplasms of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule Sinonasal Tract Squamous Cell Carcinoma General Considerations Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Figs. 3-37 through 3-42) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma (SNUC) (Figs. 3-44 through 3-46) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nut Midline Carcinoma (NMC) (Figs. 3-47 and 3-48) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Lymphoepithelial-Like Carcinoma (Fig. 3-49) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Human Papillomavirus (HPV)–Related Carcinoma with Adenoid Cystic-Like Features (Figs. 3-50 and 3-51) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB) (Figs. 3-52 through 3-60) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Olfactory Carcinoma Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Mucosal Malignant Melanoma (MMM) (Figs. 3-61 through 3-70) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Intraoperative Consultation (Frozen Section) in Sinonasal MMM Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy (MNTI) (Figs. 3-71 through 3-73) Sinonasal (Mucosal) Adenocarcinoma Intestinal Type Adenocarcinomas (ITAC) (Figs. 3-74 through 3-78) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nonintestinal (Nonsalivary Gland) Adenocarcinomas (Figs. 3-79 and 3-80) Clinical Low-grade High-grade Pathology Gross Histology Low-grade High-grade Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of the Sinonasal Tract (NHL-SNT) Clinical Extranodal Nk/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type (Figs. 3-81 through 3-86) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (Fig. 3-87) Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ewing Family of Tumors (EFT) (Figs. 3-89 through 3-91) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Tract Sarcomas Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Not Otherwise Specified (Figs. 3-92 through 3-95) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Histologic Variants Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Fibrosarcoma (Figs. 3-96 through 3-98) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Low-grade Fibrosarcoma High-grade Fibrosarcoma Differential Diagnosis (for Fibrosarcoma) Treatment and Prognosis Additional Notes Infantile Fibrosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma (Figs. 3-99 through 3-103) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Criteria for Malignancy in Smooth Muscle Tumors Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Angiosarcoma (AS) (Figs. 3-104 through 3-107) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Low-Grade Sinonasal Sarcoma with Neural and Myogenic Differentiation (LGSSNMF) (Figs. 3-108 and 3-109) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma (Figs. 3-110 through 3-113) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Secondary Tumors (Fig. 3-114) Clinical Further Reading Further Reading Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract—General Considerations Sinonasal Papillomas Squamous Papilloma Benign Salivary Gland Tumors Hemangiomas Sinonasal Hemangiopericytoma-like Tumor Sinonasal Meningioma Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Solitary Fibrous Tumor Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma Leiomyoma Rhabdomyoma Osseous and Fibro-osseous Lesions Chondroma Myxoma and Fibromyxoma Ossifying and Nonossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor Sinonasal Ameloblastoma Malignant Neoplasms of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma NUT Midline Carcinoma Sinonasal Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma HPV-associated Adenoid Cystic-like Carcinoma Olfactory Neuroblastoma Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy Adenocarcinoma Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms Hematolymphoid Malignancies Ewing Family of Tumors Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Fibrosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma Angiosarcoma Low-Grade Sarcoma with Neural and Myogenic Features Teratocarcinosarcomas Secondary Tumors Chapter 9 9 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Pharynx Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Pharynx (Box 9-1) Nasopharyngeal Cysts Rathke Pouch (Cleft) Cyst (Figs. 9-1 through 9-3) Embryology and Anatomy Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Tornwaldt Cyst (see Figs. 9-2 and 9-4) Embryology and Anatomy Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Nasopharyngeal Cysts Pharyngeal Hamartomas, Choristomas, and Teratomatous Lesions Definitions Nasopharyngeal Hamartoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Pharyngeal/Nasopharyngeal Central Nervous System Heterotopias Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Nasopharyngeal Dermoid (Fig. 9-5) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lymphangiomatous Polyp of the Tonsil (Figs. 9-6 and 9-7) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor (SGAT) (Fig. 9-8) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Infectious Diseases of the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx Tonsillitis Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Peritonsillar Abscess Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Viral Diseases Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Diseases Cytomegalovirus and Herpesvirus Epstein-Barr Virus–Related Diseases Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) (Fig. 9-9) Pathogenesis Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Pathogenesis Epidemiology Spectrum of Disease HIV Infection of Extranodal Lymphoid Tissues of Waldeyer Tonsillar Ring (Figs. 9-10 and 9-11) Clinical Pathology Histology Acute and/or Chronic Stage Advanced Stage Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infectious Diseases of the Pharynx Viruses Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (Fig. 9-12) Pathology Treatment Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) (Figs. 9-13 and 9-14) Pathology Treatment Other Viruses Fungi Bacteria and Spirochetes Gonorrhea Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Syphilis (Fig. 9-16) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Additional Notes Bacillary Angiomatosis (BA) (Fig. 9-17) Pathogenesis Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Protozoa (Fig. 9-18) Pathology Gross Histology Treatment Tangier Disease (Fig. 9-19) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Rathke Pouch Cyst Tornwaldt Cyst Other Nasopharyngeal Cysts Nasopharyngeal Hamartomas Pharyngeal/Nasopharyngeal Central Nervous System Heterotopias Nasopharyngeal Dermoid Lymphangiomatous Polyp Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess Human Papillomavirus Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) HIV Infection of Waldeyer Tonsillar Tissues AIDS-Related Infections of the Head and Neck Bacillary Angiomatosis Protozoa Tangier Disease Chapter 10 10 Neoplasms of the Pharynx Classification of Pharyngeal Neoplasms (Box 10-1) General Considerations Benign Neoplasms Squamous Papilloma (Fig. 10-1) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Special Stains Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms (Nasopharyngeal) Angiofibroma (Figs. 10-2 through 10-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Craniopharyngioma (Figs. 10-5 and 10-6) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Tumors Epithelial Malignant Neoplasms Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Pharynx, Including Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Hypopharynx General Considerations Viral-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Clinical (Table 10-4) Pathology Gross Histology Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Keratinizing Type (Fig. 10-9) Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Nonkeratinizing Differentiated Type (Fig. 10-10) Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Nonkeratinizing Undifferentiated Type (Figs. 10-11 through 10-13) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) of the Nasopharynx Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil and Base of Tongue Clinical Pathology Nonkeratinizing Carcinoma Cytomorphology (see Section 4, Fig. 13-39) Gross Histology (Figs. 10-20 and 10-21) Nonkeratinizing Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation (Maturation or Hybrid Type) (Fig. 10-24) Conventional Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis for Nonkeratinizing Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis HPV-Associated Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx Nonkeratinizing (Lymphoepithelial-Like) Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Oropharynx (Fig. 10-27) Conventional Keratinizing (Non–Viral-Associated) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Soft Palate and Uvula Anatomic Considerations Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharyngeal Wall Anatomic Considerations Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx Anatomic Considerations Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Patterns of Spread Other Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pharynx Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Oropharyngeal HPV-Associated Small Cell Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Fig. 10-31) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Malignant (Minor) Salivary Gland Tumors Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma (Fig. 10-32) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Hematolymphoid Malignant Neoplasms General Considerations Lymphomas of the Waldeyer Tonsillar Ring (Nasopharynx, Tonsils, and Base of Tongue) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (Figs. 10-33 and 10-34) Other Histologic Types of NHLs Plasma Cell Neoplasms Plasmacytoma Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone (Osseous Plasmacytoma) Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) (Fig. 10-36) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Sarcomas Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (Figs. 10-37 through 10-42) Clinical Head and Neck RMS Pathology Gross Histology Embryonal RMS (see Fig. 10-37) Botryoid Variant of Embryonal RMS (Sarcoma Botryoides) (see Fig. 10-38) Spindle Cell RMS (see Fig. 10-39) Alveolar RMS (see Fig. 10-40) Solid Form of Alveolar RMS (see Fig. 10-40) Pleomorphic RMS (see Fig. 10-41) Sclerosing RMS (see Fig. 10-42) Epithelioid RMS Special Studies Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Synovial Sarcoma (Figs. 10-43 through 10-45) Clinical Synovial Sarcoma of Soft Tissues Head and Neck Synovial Sarcoma Pathology Gross Histology Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma (Fig. 10-44) Monophasic Fibrous Synovial Sarcoma (Fig. 10-45) Monophasic Epithelioid Synovial Sarcoma Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma Special Stains Differential Diagnosis Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma Monophasic Fibrous Synovial Sarcoma Monophasic Epithelioid Synovial Sarcoma Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma Treatment and Prognosis Chordoma of the Craniocervical (Base of Skull) Region (Figs. 10-46 and 10-47) Conventional Chordoma (see Fig. 10-46) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondroid Chordoma (see Fig. 10-47) Dedifferentiated Chordoma Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma/Tumor (FDCS) (Fig. 10-48) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) Liposarcoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) Angiosarcoma Teratocarcinosarcoma (Malignant Teratoma) of the Pharynx Secondary Neoplasms to the Pharynx Further Reading Further Reading General Considerations Squamous Papilloma Benign Minor Salivary Gland Tumors Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Craniopharyngioma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) of the Nasopharynx Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil and Base of Tongue HPV-Associated Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx Nonkeratinizing (Lymphoepithelial-Like) Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Oropharynx Conventional Keratinizing (Not Viral-Associated) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pharynx, Including Soft Palate, Uvula, Oropharyngeal Wall Other Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx Oropharyngeal HPV-Associated Small Cell Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Malignant Minor Salivary Gland Tumors Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma Hematolymphoid Malignant Neoplasms Plasma Cell Neoplasms Rhabdomyosarcoma Synovial Sarcoma Chordoma Reticulum Dendritic Cell Sarcoma/Tumor Secondary Neoplasms to the Pharynx Chapter 11 11 Anatomy of the Neck Anatomy of the Neck Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 12 12 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Neck Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Neck (Box 12-1) Benign Cystic Lesions of the Cervical Neck Branchial Anomalies (BA) Embryology Clinical Branchial Cysts, Sinuses, and Fistulas Clinical First Branchial Anomalies (Fig. 12-1) Clinical Pathology Gross Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Second Branchial Anomalies (Figs. 12-2 through 12-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Third Branchial Anomalies Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Fourth Branchial Anomalies Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Embryology Clinical/Pathology Cervical Thymic Cyst (Fig. 12-5) Embryology and Anatomy Clinical Pathology Gross Microscopic Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Bronchogenic Cyst (Fig. 12-6) Clinical Pathology Gross Microscopic Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Dermoid Cyst (Fig. 12-7) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Infectious Diseases of the Neck Mycobacterial and Other Granulomatous Diseases Mycobacterial Infections Clinical Pathology (Fig. 12-8) Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Scrofula (Fig. 12-9) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor (Fig. 12-10) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Cervicofacial Actinomycosis (Fig. 12-11) Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sarcoidosis (Fig. 12-12) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Bacterial Diseases Cat Scratch Disease (Fig. 12-13) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Bacillary Angiomatosis (BA) (Fig. 12-14) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Fungal, Viral, and Protozoal Diseases Further Reading Further Reading Branchial Cleft Anomalies First Branchial Anomalies Second Branchial Anomalies Third Branchial Anomalies Fourth Branchial Anomalies Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Cervical Thymic Cyst Bronchogenic Cysts Dermoid Cyst Mycobacterial Infections, Including Scrofula Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Sarcoidosis Cat Scratch Disease and Bacillary Angiomatosis Chapter 13 13 Neoplasms of the Neck Classification of Neoplasms of the Neck General Considerations Surgical Specimens Neck Dissection (Fig. 13-1) Benign Neoplasms of the Neck Fibroblastic/Myofibroblastic Aggressive Fibromatosis (Figs. 13-2 and 13-3) General Findings Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nodular Fasciitis (NF) (Fig. 13-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nuchal-Type Fibroma (NTF) (Fig. 13-5) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lymphatic Malformations (Tumors of Lymphatic Vessels) General Considerations Lymphatic Malformation (Cystic Hygroma) (Figs. 13-6 through 13-8) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Paragangliomas General Considerations Carotid Body Paraganglioma (Figs. 13-9 through 13-11) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Neoplasms of Adipose Tissue General Considerations Lipomas Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Conventional Lipoma (Fig. 13-12) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Specific Types of Lipomas Pleomorphic Lipoma (Fig. 13-15) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Spindle Cell Lipoma (Fig. 13-16) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Hibernoma (Fig. 13-17) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lipoblastoma and Lipoblastomatosis (Fig. 13-18) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Nerve Sheath Neoplasms (Table 13-4) General Considerations Schwannoma (Figs. 13-19 through 13-21) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Ancient Schwannoma Cellular Schwannoma Plexiform Schwannoma Epithelioid Schwannoma Hybrid Schwannoma/Perineurioma Microcystic/Reticular Schwannoma Glandular Schwannoma Neuroblastoma-Like Schwannoma Melanotic Schwannoma (MS) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis for Conventional Schwannoma and Histologic Variants (Except for Melanotic Schwannoma) Neurofibroma Solitary Neurofibroma (Table 13-4, Fig. 13-22) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Plexiform Neurofibroma (Figs. 13-23 and 13-24) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Diffuse Neurofibroma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Granular Cell Tumor Mucosal Granular Cell Tumor Congenital Granular Cell Epulis Solitary Circumscribed Neuroma (Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma) Mucosal Neuroma Nerve Sheath Myxoma (Fig. 13-25) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Perineurioma (Fig. 13-26) Clinical Pathology Gross Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Neurofibromatoses Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Benign Myogenic Tumors Rhabdomyoma Adult-Type Rhabdomyoma (Fig. 13-27) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhabdomyoma, Fetal and Juvenile-Intermediate Types Rhabdomyoma, Fetal Type (Fig. 13-29) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhabdomyoma, Juvenile-Intermediate Type (Fig. 13-30) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Teratomatous Neoplasms Teratoma (Fig. 13-31) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Tumors of the Neck Hematolymphoid Malignant Neoplasms General Considerations Sarcomas of the Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) (Figs. 13-33 and 13-34) Clinical Sporadic or De Novo MPNST MPNST Associated with NF1 Radiation-Induced MPNST Pathology Gross Histology High-Grade MPNST Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Additional Facts Myoepithelial Tumors of Soft Tissues (Figs. 13-35 and 13-36) Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Carcinoma Clinical Features Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) Liposarcoma Angiosarcoma Synovial Sarcoma Metastatic Cervical Carcinoma with an Unknown Primary Tumor (MCCUP) (Figs. 13-37 through 13-46) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Detection of the Primary Neoplasm Treatment and Prognosis Secondary Tumors to the Neck (Other Than Carcinoma From Head and Neck Sites) Further Reading Further Reading General Considerations Fibromatosis Nodular Fasciitis Nuchal Fibroma Lymphatic Malformations (Cystic Hygroma) Paragangliomas Lipomas, Including Hibernoma and Lipoblastoma Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Schwannoma and Neurofibromas) Nerve Sheath Myxoma and Neurothekeoma Perineurioma Neurofibromatosis Including Schwannomatosis Rhabdomyomas Teratoma and Germ Cell Tumors Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Tumors Metastatic Carcinoma to the Neck Region from an Unknown or Occult Primary Neoplasm and Secondary Neoplasms Chapter 14 14 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Larynx and Trachea Larynx Embryology Anatomy (Figs. 14-1 through 14-5) Anatomic Borders Anatomic Compartments Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Histology (Figs. 14-7 through 14-11) Hypopharynx Trachea Embryology Anatomic Borders Innervation Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Histology Further Reading Further Reading Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology Chapter 15 15 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Larynx and Trachea Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Larynx and Trachea Acquired and Congenital Lesions of the Larynx and Trachea Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps (Figs. 15-1 through 15-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Laryngocele (Figs. 15-5 through 15-9) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Laryngeal Cysts (Figs. 15-10 through 15-13) Classification Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Contact Ulcers of the Larynx (Figs. 15-14 and 15-15) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Amyloidosis (Figs. 15-16 and 15-17) Clinical Laryngeal Amyloidosis Lingual Amyloidosis Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Localized Amyloidosis Systemic Amyloidosis Subglottic Stenosis (SS) (Figs. 15-18 and 15-19) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Teflon Granuloma (Figs. 15-20 through 15-22) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Treatment and Prognosis Tracheopathia Osteoplastica (TPO) (Figs. 15-23 and 15-24) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Infectious Diseases of the Larynx and Trachea (Figs. 15-25 and 15-26) Necrotizing Sialometaplasia (Fig. 15-27) Radiation-Associated Changes (Fig. 15-28) Laryngeal Benign (Non-Neoplastic) Epithelial Changes (Figs. 15-29 through 15-32) Hyperplastic Epithelial Changes Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment Further Reading Further Reading Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps Laryngocele and Laryngeal Cysts Contact Ulcers of the Larynx Amyloidosis Subglottic Stenosis Teflon Granuloma Tracheopathia Osteoplastica Infectious Diseases Necrotizing Sialometaplasia Radiation-Associated Changes Laryngeal Benign (Non-neoplastic) Epithelial Changes Chapter 16 16 Neoplasms of the Larynx and Trachea Classification of Neoplastic Lesions of the Larynx and Trachea (Box 16-1) General Considerations Benign Neoplasms of the Larynx and Hypopharynx Laryngeal Papilloma/Papillomatosis; Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (Figs. 16-1 through 16-6) Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (Nonkeratinizing Papilloma) (Table 16-1) Clinical JO-RRP AO-RRP JO-RRP and AO-RRP Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Keratinizing Papilloma (Papillary Keratosis) (see Table 16-1, Fig. 16-7) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Salivary Gland Tumors Benign Nonepithelial Tumors Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) (Figs. 16-8 through 16-11) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Myofibroblasts Stroma Inflammatory Cells Surface Epithelium Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Granular Cell Tumor (Figs. 16-12 through 16-14) Mucosal Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Laryngeal Paraganglioma (Figs. 16-15 and 16-16) Histoanatomy Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondroma (Fig. 16-17) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lipoma (Fig. 16-18) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Neoplasms of the Larynx and Hypopharynx General Considerations Laryngeal Epithelial Dysplasia Keratinizing and Nonkeratinizing Dysplasia (Figs. 16-19 through 16-22) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology (Box 16-2) Grading of Epithelial Dysplasia Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Carcinoma in Situ (CIS) (Fig. 16-23) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Progression to Invasive Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Microinvasive Carcinoma (Figs. 16-24 through 16-27) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Diagnostic Criteria for Microinvasive Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Laryngeal Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Figs. 16-28 through 16-30) General Considerations Pathology Gross Histology Supraglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Fig. 16-31) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Spread Treatment and Prognosis Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Fig. 16-32) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Spread Treatment and Prognosis Subglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Fig. 16-33) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Spread Treatment and Prognosis Transglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Fig. 16-34) Clinicopathologic Features Tracheal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Spread Treatment and Prognosis Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Box 16-4 and Table 16-3) Papillary (Exophytic) Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCC) (Figs. 16-35 through 16-37) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Verrucous Carcinoma (VC) (Figs. 16-38 through 16-40) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Hybrid Carcinoma Biopsy Diagnosis of Verrucous Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Spindle Cell (Squamous) Carcinoma (SCSC) (Figs. 16-41 through 16-50) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differentiated Squamous Cell Component Spindle Cell Component Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) (Figs. 16-51 through 16-56) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Basaloid Cell Component Squamous Cell Component Differential Diagnosis (Tables 16-3 and 16-4) Treatment and Prognosis Adenosquamous Carcinoma (ASC) (Figs. 16-57 through 16-59) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Squamous Cell Component Adenocarcinoma Component Differential Diagnosis (Table 16-5) Treatment and Prognosis Other Uncommon Carcinoma Variants Lymphoepithelial-Like Carcinoma (Fig. 16-60) Giant Cell Carcinoma (Fig. 16-61) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Laryngeal Salivary Gland Malignant Neoplasms Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Larynx and Trachea Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Larynx and Trachea Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Clinical (as a Group) Carcinoid Tumor (Fig. 16-62) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Atypical Carcinoid (Figs. 16-63 through 16-67) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Small Cell Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (SCUNC) (Figs. 16-68 through 16-70) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) (Figs. 16-71 and 16-72) Clinical Pathology Histology (Table 16-8) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Laryngeal Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Clinical Primary Laryngeal Mucosal Malignant Melanoma (PLMMM) Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nonepithelial Malignant Neoplasms of the Larynx Chondrosarcoma (Figs. 16-73 through 16-76) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Liposarcoma (Figs. 16-77 through 16-82) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma (ALT/WDS) Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DL) Myxoid Liposarcoma Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Mixed Type Liposarcoma Spindle Cell Liposarcoma General Histologic Considerations Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Secondary Tumors Further Reading Further Reading General Considerations Laryngeal Papilloma/Papillomatosis; Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Benign Salivary Gland Tumors Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Granular Cell Tumor Laryngeal Paraganglioma Chondroma Lipoma General Considerations Epithelial Dysplasia Carcinoma In Situ and Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Laryngeal Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tracheal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Verrucous Carcinoma Spindle Cell Squamous Carcinoma Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Giant Cell Carcinoma Salivary Gland Malignant Neoplasms Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Laryngeal Mucosal Malignant Melanoma Chondrosarcoma Liposarcoma Secondary Tumors Chapter 17 17 Intraoperative Consultation of Laryngeal Lesions Indications Surgeon’s Expectations Specimen Handling and Orientation Definition of a “Positive” Margin Adequacy of Resection Margins Further Reading Further Reading Intraoperative Consultation of Laryngeal Lesions Chapter 18 18 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Salivary Glands Embryology of the Salivary Glands Anatomic Borders of the Salivary Gland Innervation of the Salivary Glands Histology of the Salivary Glands Further Reading Further Reading Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Salivary Glands Chapter 19 19 Non-Neoplastic Diseases of Salivary Glands Classification of Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Lesions Developmental Lesions Heterotopic Salivary Glands Clinical Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue in the Lower Neck Intranodal Periparotid Salivary Gland Tissue (Fig. 19-1) Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue in the Middle Ear Intraosseous Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue Salivary Gland Heterotopia and Salivary Gland Tumors Accessory Parotid Gland Hyperplasia and Metaplasia in the Salivary Glands Adenomatoid Hyperplasia of Mucous Salivary Glands (Fig. 19-2) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Squamous Metaplasia and Mucous Cell Metaplasia Necrotizing Sialometaplasia (NS) (Figs. 19-3 through 19-6) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 19-1) Treatment and Prognosis Subacute Necrotizing Sialadenitis (SANS) Oncocytic Alterations Oncocytic Metaplasia (Fig. 19-7) Oncocytosis (Fig. 19-8) Intercalated Duct Lesions (IDL) (Fig. 19-9) Clinical Pathology Intercalated Duct Hyperplasia Intercalated Duct Adenoma Hybrid Intercalated Duct Lesion Treatment and Prognosis True Cysts of Major Salivary Glands (Sialocysts) Lymphoepithelial Cyst (LEC) (Fig. 19-10) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Salivary Duct Cyst (Fig. 19-11) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Polycystic (Dysgenetic) Disease (Fig. 19-12) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nondevelopmental Cysts Mucus Extravasation Phenomenon (Figs. 19-13 and 19-14) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mucus Retention Cyst (Fig. 19-15) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ranula (Fig. 19-16) Clinical Simple Ranula (Sublingual Ranula) Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Plunging Ranula (Deep Ranula) (Figs. 19-17 and 19-18) Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Infectious, Inflammatory, Autoimmune Lesions of Salivary Glands Sialadenitis Acute Nonobstructive (Infectious) Sialadenitis Clinical Mumps (Fig. 19-19) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Salivary Gland Disease (HIV-SGD) (Figs. 19-20 through 19-26) Clinical Pathology Cytology (Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy [FNAB]) Histology Lymphoid-Related Changes Cystic Changes Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chronic Sialadenitis Chronic Nonobstructive Sialadenitis Sarcoidosis of Salivary Glands (Fig. 19-27) Clinical Pathology Cytology Microscopic Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Sialolithiasis (Figs. 19-28 through 19-31) Clinical Pathology Gross Cytology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Chronic Recurrent Sialadenitis (Fig. 19-32) Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Sialadenosis Clinical Pathology Cytology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis IgG4-Related Diseases (IgG4-RD) IgG4-Related Sialadenitis (Figs. 19-33 and 19-34) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lymphoepithelial Sialadentitis (LESA) (Figs. 19-35 through 19-37) Introduction Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sjögren Syndrome (SS) History Clinical Laboratory Findings Diagnostic Criteria/Classification Pathology Histology Labial Biopsy (Fig. 19-38) Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue Accessory Salivary Gland Tissue Adenomatoid Hyperplasia Necrotizing Sialometaplasia Oncocytic Alterations Lymphoepithelial Cyst Salivary Duct Cyst Polycystic (Dysgenetic) Disease Nondevelopmental Cysts Ranulas Acute Sialadenitis Including Mumps Human Immunodeficiency Virus Salivary Gland Disease Sarcoidosis Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Sialolithiasis Chronic Recurrent Sialadenitis Sialadenosis IgG4-Related Diseases and Sialadenitis Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (LESA) and Sjögren Syndrome Chapter 20 20 Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands Classification of Neoplasms of Salivary Glands General Considerations Benign Neoplasms Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) (Figs. 20-1 to 20-15) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Typical (Classic) PA Cellular Pleomorphic Adenoma Atypical Pleomorphic Adenoma Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-4) Treatment and Prognosis Monomorphic Adenomas Warthin Tumor (WT) (Figs. 20-16 through 20-22) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Basal Cell Adenoma (Figs. 20-23 through 20-27) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAB) Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Canalicular Adenoma (Figs. 20-28 through 20-30) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oncocytoma (Fig. 20-31) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Myoepithelioma (Figs. 20-32 through 20-36) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Tumors Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis (SPA) (Figs. 20-37 and 20-38) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Microscopic Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Cystadenoma (Fig. 20-39) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ductal Papillomas Sialadenoma Papilliferum (Fig. 20-40) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Intraductal Papilloma (Fig. 20-41) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Inverted Ductal Papilloma (Fig. 20-42) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Uncommon Benign Epithelial Neoplasms Striated Duct Adenoma Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Intercalated Duct Adenoma (Fig. 20-43) Pathology Lymphadenoma (Nonsebaceous) (Fig. 20-44) Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Keratocystoma Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Lipoadenoma Clinical Pathology Treatment and Prognosis Apocrine Adenoma Adenofibroma Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor Tumors with Sebaceous Differentiation Sebaceous Adenoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sebaceous Lymphadenoma (Fig. 20-45) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Soft Tissue Tumors Hemangioma, Capillary Type or Infantile (Juvenile) Hemangioma (Fig. 20-46) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Neoplasms Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) (Figs. 20-47 through 20-56) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Histology Histologic (Microscopic) Grading Histologic Variants of MEC Clear Cell Variant Oncocytic Variant Sclerosing Variant Sclerosing MEC with Eosinophilia Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-6) Treatment and Prognosis Acinic Cell Carcinoma (Figs. 20-57 through 20-61) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology High-Grade Transformation (“Dedifferentiated”) of Acinic Cell Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma (MASC) (Figs. 20-62 through 20-66) Clinical Pathology Histology High-Grade Transformation (“Dedifferentiated”) of MASC Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) (Figs. 20-67 through 20-71) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Figs. 20-72 through 20-81) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Cribriform Pattern Tubular Pattern Solid Pattern Hybrid Tumors High-Grade Transformation (“Dedifferentiation”) in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-8) Treatment and Prognosis Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands (PLGA) (Figs. 20-82 through 20-89) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology High-Grade Transformation (“Dedifferentiation”) in PLGA Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-9) Treatment and Prognosis Cribriform Adenocarcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands (CAMSG) (Fig. 20-90) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Mixed Tumors of Salivary Glands Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CEPA) (Figs. 20-91 through 20-94) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Noninvasive or Intracapsular Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (Fig. 20-95) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Carcinosarcoma (Figs. 20-96 and 20-97) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma (Fig. 20-98) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma (Figs. 20-99 and 20-100) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma (EMC) (Figs. 20-101 through 20-105) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-10) Treatment and Prognosis Clear Cell Carcinoma (CCC) and Hyalinizing Variant (HCCC) (Figs. 20-106 through 20-108) Classification Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 20-10) Treatment and Prognosis Salivary Duct Carcinoma (SDC) (Figs. 20-109 through 20-112) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Hybrid Tumors Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Low-Grade Intraductal Carcinoma (Figs. 20-113 and 20-114) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Cystadenocarcinoma (Figs. 20-115 through 20-118) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Myoepithelial Carcinoma (Figs. 20-119 through 20-123) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Hybrid Tumors Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) (Figs. 20-124 and 20-125) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Hybrid Tumors Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lymphoepithelial-Like Carcinoma (LEC) (Figs. 20-126 and 20-127) Clinical Pathology Gross Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Small Cell Undifferentiated (Neuroendocrine) Carcinoma (Figs. 20-128 and 20-129) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Pulmonary Subtype Merkel Cell Type Hybrid Tumors Other Histologic Types of Salivary Gland Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Large Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma (Fig. 20-130) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oncocytic Carcinoma (Fig. 20-131) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malignant Sebaceous Tumors Sebaceous Carcinoma (Figs. 20-132 and 20-133) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sebaceous Lymphadenocarcinoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mucinous Adenocarcinoma (Fig. 20-134) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sialoblastoma (Fig. 20-135) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Nonepithelial Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Primary Malignant Lymphoma (PML) of Salivary Glands (Figs. 20-136 through 20-141) MALT Lymphoma Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Types of Salivary Gland Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Hodgkin Lymphomas of Salivary Glands Sarcomas of Salivary Glands Clinical Secondary Tumors Clinical Further Reading Further Reading General Considerations Pleomorphic Adenoma Warthin Tumor Basal Cell Adenoma Canalicular Adenoma Oncocytoma Myoepithelioma Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis Cystadenoma Ductal Papillomas Intraductal Papilloma Inverted Ductal Papilloma Tumors with Sebaceous Differentiation Soft Tissue Tumors Hemangioma Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Acinic Cell Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma Cribriform Adenocarcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands Malignant Mixed Tumor Intracapsular Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma Carcinosarcoma Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma Clear Cell Carcinoma including Hyalinizing Type Salivary Duct Carcinoma Low-Grade Intraductal Carcinoma Cystadenocarcinoma Myoepithelial Carcinoma Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Large Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma Oncocytic Carcinoma Malignant Sebaceous Tumors Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Sialoblastoma Salivary Gland Malignant Lymphoma Salivary Gland Hodgkin Lymphoma Sarcomas Secondary Tumors Chapter 21 21 Intraoperative Consultation in Salivary Glands and Biopsy Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms Intraoperative Consultation in Salivary Glands General Considerations (Figs. 21-1 through 21-12) Indications for Intraoperative Consultation in Salivary Gland Neoplasms Major Glands Minor Glands Surgeon’s Expectations of the Intraoperative Assessment of Salivary Gland Neoplasms Major Glands Minor Salivary Gland Tumors Approach to Handling of Resected Tissue Major Glands Minor Glands For Major and Minor Glands Diagnostic Considerations Accuracy of Intraoperative Diagnosis Biopsy Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms (Figs. 21-13 through 21-18) Conclusions Further Reading Further Reading Intraoperative Consultation Biopsy Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms Chapter 22 26 Embryology, Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of the Thyroid Gland Embryology of the Thyroid (Fig. 26-1) Anatomy of the Thyroid (Fig. 26-2) Vascular Supply and Lymphatics of the Thyroid Arteries and Veins Lymphatics Nerves Histology (Fig. 26-4) Thyroid Stroma Physiology Further Reading Further Reading Embryology, Anatomy, Histology, Physiology Chapter 23 22 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Ear Embryology External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Anatomy (Figs. 22-1 through 22-3) External Ear Borders Middle Ear (Tympanic Cavity) Eustachian (Auditory) Tube Borders Function Inner Ear (Labyrinth) Function Innervation External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Histology External Ear (Fig. 22-4) Auditory Epithelial Migration Middle Ear (Figs. 22-5 and 22-6) Mastoid Air Cells Pneumatization of the Temporal Bone Middle Ear Ossicles Middle Ear Joints Inner Ear Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 24 23 Non-Neoplastic Diseases of the Ear Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Ear Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Ear External Ear Accessory Tragi (Figs. 23-1 and 23-2) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Branchial Cleft Anomalies Middle and Inner Ear Developmental Defects Heterotopias (Choristomas) of the Middle Ear and Mastoid Middle Ear Salivary Gland Heterotopia (Fig. 23-3) Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Middle Ear Neuroglial Heterotopia Acquired Encephalocele (Fig. 23-4) Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Acquired Lesions of the Ear External Ear Keloid (Figs. 23-5 and 23-6) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Idiopathic Cystic Chondromalacia of the Auricular Cartilage (Figs. 23-7 and 23-8) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronicus Helicis (CNCH) (Figs. 23-9 and 23-10) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Exostosis of the External Auditory Canal (Figs. 23-11 and 23-12) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) (Figs. 23-13 and 23-14) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Middle and Temporal Bone Cholesteatoma (Keratoma) (Figs. 23-15 through 23-20) Acquired Cholesteatoma Clinical Congenital Cholesteatoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) (Figs. 23-23 through 23-27) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions Necrotizing External Otitis (NEO) (Figs. 23-28 through 23-30) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Otitis Media (Figs. 23-31 through 23-34) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Acute Otitis Media Chronic Otitis Media Tympanosclerosis (Fig. 23-32) Cholesterol Granuloma (Fig. 23-33) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Intratemporal Complications of Otitis Media Mastoiditis Petrositis Labyrinthitis Intracranial (Endocranial) Complications Miscellaneous Infections of the Ear and Temporal Bone Differential Diagnosis Otic (Aural) Polyp (Figs. 23-36 and 23-37) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Malakoplakia (Fig. 23-38) Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Autoimmune, Systemic, and Degenerative Diseases of the Ear Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) (Figs. 23-39 and 23-40) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Tophaceous Gout (Figs. 23-41 and 23-42) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Otosclerosis (Fig. 23-45) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Paget Disease of Bone (Figs. 23-46 and 23-47) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ménière Disease Clinical Pathology Histology Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Congenital and Developmental Anomalies: External Ear Congenital and Developmental Anomalies: Middle Ear Heterotopias (Choristomas) of the Middle Ear and Mastoid Keloids Idiopathic Cystic Chondromalacia Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis Exostosis Synovial Chondromatosis Cholesteatoma Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Malignant External Otitis Otitis Media, Cholesterol Granuloma, Tympanosclerosis, Myospherulosis, Complications of Otitis Media Otic or Aural Polyp Malakoplakia Relapsing Polychondritis Gout Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Otosclerosis Paget’s Disease Meniere Disease Chapter 25 24 Neoplasms of the Ear and Temporal Bone Classification of Neoplasms of the Ear And Temporal Bone Benign Neoplasms of the External Ear Keratoacanthoma (KA) (Fig. 24-1) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Ceruminal Gland Neoplasms General Comments Ceruminal Gland Adenoma (Figs. 24-2 through 24-4) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Ceruminal Gland Benign Neoplasms Pleomorphic Adenoma of Ceruminal Gland Origin (Fig. 24-5) Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum of Ceruminal Gland Origin (Figs. 24-6 and 24-7) Benign Mesenchymal Tumors of the External Ear Epithelioid Hemangioma (EH) (Figs. 24-8 to 24-9) Clinical Pathologic Features Gross Histology (Fig. 24-9) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Kimura Disease (Fig. 24-10) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Benign Mesenchymal Neoplasms of the External Ear and Auditory Canal Osteoma Treatment and Prognosis Myxomas of the External Ear and External Auditory Canal (Fig. 24-11) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Benign Neoplasms of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Middle Ear Adenoma (MEA) (Figs. 24-12 through 24-14) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Middle Ear Adenoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation (Fig. 24-15) Middle Ear Adenoma with Papillary Features (Aggressive Papillary Tumor) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Jugulotympanic Paraganglioma (JTP) (Figs. 24-16 through 24-21) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Acoustic Neuroma (AN) (Figs. 24-22 through 24-24) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Meningioma (Figs. 24-25 and 24-26) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Benign Tumors of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone (Fig. 24-27) Malignant Neoplasms of the External Ear Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) (Figs. 24-28 through 24-30) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Ear and External Auditory Canal (Figs. 24-31 through 24-34) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) (Fig. 24-36) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Ceruminal Gland Adenocarcinoma (Figs. 24-37 and 24-38) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Atypical Fibroxanthoma (AFX) (Fig. 24-39) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) (Fig. 24-40) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Additional Facts Malignant Neoplasms of the Middle Ear (Fig. 24-41) Middle Ear Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ME-SCC) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Middle Ear Adenocarcinoma (Fig. 24-43) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Clinical Endolymphatic Sac Papillary Tumor (ELSPT) (Figs. 24-44 through 24-46) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Malignant Tumors of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Metastatic Tumors to the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone (Secondary Tumors) (Fig. 24-47) Further Reading Further Reading Keratoacanthoma Ceruminal Gland Neoplasms Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/Kimura’s Disease Benign Mesenchymal Tumors of the External Ear Middle Ear Adenoma Jugulotympanic Paraganglioma Acoustic Neuroma Meningioma Other Benign Tumors of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Ear Merkel Cell Carcinoma Ceruminal Gland Adenocarcinomas Atypical Fibroxanthoma Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Middle Ear Middle Ear Adenocarcinoma Endolymphatic Sac Papillary Tumor Other Malignant Tumors of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Metastatic Neoplasms to the Middle Ear Chapter 26 25 Immunohistochemistry of Middle Ear Neoplasms (Table 25-1) Chapter 27 27 Non-Neoplastic Diseases of the Thyroid Gland Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Thyroid Gland Developmental Anomalies Heterotopia or Ectopic Thyroid Tissue (Figs. 27-1 through 27-3) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lingual Thyroid (Figs. 27-4 and 27-5) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (TDC) (Figs. 27-6 through 27-11) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Parasitic Nodule Thyroid Tissue in Lymph Nodes (Figs. 27-12 and 27-13) Mediastinal Thyroid (Substernal Goiter) Clinical Ovarian Thyroid Tissue Struma Ovarii (Figs. 27-14 through 27-16) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Thyroid Neoplasms in Struma Ovarii Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Strumal Carcinoid (Fig. 27-17) Clinical Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Metaplasia of Thyroid Follicular Epithelium Squamous Metaplasia (Figs. 27-18 and 27-19) Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Oncocytic (Oxyphilic) Metaplasia (Figs. 27-20 and 27-21) Pathology “Inclusions” in Thyroid Gland Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Tissue, Thymic Tissue, Salivary Gland Tissue (Fig. 27-22) Intrathyroidal Branchial Cleft-Like (Epithelial/Lymphoepithelial) Cysts (Figs. 27-23 and 27-24) Solid Cell Nests (SCN) (Figs. 27-25 and 27-26) Pathology Differential Diagnosis Mesenchymal-Derived “Inclusions” in the Thyroid Gland Fat in the Thyroid Gland (Figs. 27-27 through 27-29) Muscle in the Thyroid Gland (Fig. 27-30) Cartilage in the Thyroid Gland (Fig. 27-31) Pigment and Crystals in the Thyroid Gland Iron Lipofuscin Minocycline-Associated Changes (Black Thyroid) (Fig. 27-32) Crystals in the Thyroid Gland (Fig. 27-33) Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism General Considerations: Hypothyroidism Primary Hypothyroidism Clinical Select Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism Clinical Nonautoimmune Thyroiditides Acute (Infectious) Thyroiditis (Figs. 27-34 and 27-35) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Granulomatous Thyroiditis Infectious Granulomatous Thyroiditis (Fig. 27-36) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sarcoidosis of Thyroid Gland (Figs. 27-37 and 27-38) Clinical (Limited to Thyroid Involvement) Pathology Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Subacute Thyroiditis (de Quervain Thyroiditis) (Fig. 27-39) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Painless (“Silent”) Subacute Thyroiditis Clinical Multifocal Granulomatous Thyroiditis (Palpation Thyroiditis) (Fig. 27-40) Invasive Fibrous Thyroiditis (Riedel Disease) (Figs. 27-41 through 27-45) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Radiation Thyroiditis Clinical External Radiotherapy-Associated Thyroiditis (Fig. 27-46) Radioiodine (Iodine-131 [131I])-Associated Thyroiditis Pathology in Radiation Thyroiditis Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Drug-Induced Thyroiditis Iodide Lithium Salts (Fig. 27-47) Anticonvulsant Drugs Amiodarone Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) Chronic (Focal) Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Fig. 27-48) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Chronic Lymphocytic (Hashimoto) Thyroiditis (Figs. 27-49 through 27-53) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Fibrous Variant of Chronic Lymphocytic (Hashimoto) Thyroiditis (Figs. 27-54 through 27-56) Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Fibrous Atrophy of Thyroid Gland (Atrophic Thyroiditis, Idiopathic Myxedema, Primary Myxedema) Juvenile Form of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Juvenile Autoimmune Thyroiditis; Juvenile Lymphocytic [Hashimoto] Thyroiditis) Painless (“Silent”) Thyroiditis with Hyperthyroidism Postpartum Thyroiditis Hashitoxicosis (Hyperthyroiditis) Graves Disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter; Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism Disease) (Fig. 27-57 through 27-66) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology (Table 27-1) Untreated Graves Disease Treated Graves Disease Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Toxic Nodular or Multinodular Goiter (Fig. 27-67) Goiters Adenomatoid Nodule(s) (Figs. 27-68 through 27-78) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Dyshormonogenetic Goiter (DG) (Figs. 27-79 through 27-81) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis (Table 27-4) Treatment and Prognosis Amyloid Goiter (Figs. 27-82 and 27-83) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Heterotopia or Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Lingual Thyroid Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Parasitic Nodule Thyroid Tissue in Lymph Nodes Mediastinal Thyroid (Substernal Goiter) Ovarian Thyroid Tissue Strumal Carcinoid Metaplasia of Thyroid Follicular Epithelium Oncocytic Metaplasia Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Tissue, Thymic Tissue, Salivary Gland Tissue Intrathyroidal Epithelial (Branchial Cleft-Like) Cysts Solid Cell Nests Mesenchymal-Derived “Inclusions” in the Thyroid Gland Pigment and Crystals in the Thyroid Gland Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Nonautoimmune Thyroiditides Granulomatous Thyroiditis Sarcoidosis of the Thyroid Gland Subacute Thyroiditis Painless (“Silent”) Subacute Thyroiditis Multifocal Granulomatous Thyroiditis (Palpation Thyroiditis) Invasive Fibrous Thyroiditis (Riedel Disease) Radiation Thyroiditis Drug-Induced Thyroiditis Chronic (Focal) Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Chronic Lymphocytic (Hashimoto) Thyroiditis Fibrous Variant of Hashimoto Thyroiditis Fibrous Atrophy of the Thyroid (Idiopathic Myxedema) Juvenile Form of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Painless (Silent) Thyroiditis with Hyperthyroidism and Postpartum Thyroiditis Hashitoxicosis Graves Disease Toxic Nodular or Multinodular Goiter Goiters Dyshormonogenetic Goiter Amyloid Goiter Chapter 28 28 Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland Classification of Neoplasms of The Thyroid Gland General Considerations Clinical Staging of Thyroid Carcinoma Benign Follicular Epithelial Neoplasms Follicular Adenoma (FA) (Figs. 28-1 through 28-6) Clinical Pathologic Features Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Histologic Types of Follicular AdenomaS (Box 28-2) Follicular Adenoma, Oncocytic Type (Figs. 28-7 through 28-9) Clinical Pathologic Features Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Hyalinizing Trabecular Adenoma/Tumor (Figs. 28-10 and 28-11) Terminology Clinical Pathologic Features Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Additional Notes Hyalinizing Trabecular Carcinoma Follicular Adenoma with Atypical Features (Fig. 28-12) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Follicular Adenomas Classified by Cell Type or Growth Pattern Follicular Adenoma with Clear Cells (Figs. 28-13 and 28-14) Differential Diagnosis Follicular Adenoma with Signet Ring Cells (Fig. 28-15) Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Histology Differential Diagnosis Follicular Adenoma with Intracellular Fat Droplets (Fig. 28-16) Differential Diagnosis Mucinous Follicular Adenoma or Follicular Adenoma with Mucinous Stroma (Fig. 28-17) Additional Alterations in Follicular Adenomas Malignant Follicular Epithelial Neoplasms Follicular Carcinoma (FC) (Figs. 28-22 through 28-31) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology Invasion in Follicular Carcinoma Capsular Invasion Tissue Sectioning Vascular Invasion (VI) Special Stains in Evaluation for Vascular Invasion Classification of Follicular Carcinoma Minimally Invasive Follicular Carcinoma Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Widely Invasive Follicular Carcinoma Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Follicular Carcinoma, Oncocytic Type (Figs. 28-32 and 28-33) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Rare Variants of Follicular Carcinoma Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), Usual or Conventional Type (Figs. 28-34 through 28-44) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology (Boxes 28-4 and 28-5) Architecture Cytomorphology Components of Nuclear Alterations Other Histologic Findings in PTC Immunohistochemistry Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary Microcarcinoma (Figs. 28-45 through 28-48) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (FVPTC) Noninvasive FVPTC (Fig. 28-49) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Invasive FVPTC (Fig. 28-50) Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Classification of Encapsulated Follicular Tumor Macrofollicular Variant (Fig. 28-51) Diffuse (Multinodular) Follicular Variant Oncocytic (Oxyphilic, Hürthle Cell) Variant (Fig. 28-52) Warthin-Like Variant (Fig. 28-53) Clear Cell Variant (Fig. 28-54) PTC with Nodular Fasciitis-Like or Fibromatosis-Like Stroma (Fig. 28-55) Solid Variant (Fig. 28-56) Cribriform-Morular Variant (CMV-PTC) (Fig. 28-57) Biologically Aggressive Variants of PTC General Considerations Diffuse Sclerosing Variant (DSV) (Figs. 28-58 and 28-59) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Tall Cell Variant (TCV) (Figs. 28-60 through 28-62) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Columnar Cell Variant (CCV) (Figs. 28-63 through 28-68) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Hobnail Variant of PTC (HVPTC) (Fig. 28-69) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (PDTC) (Figs. 28-70 through 28-75) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Carcinoma (UTC) (Figs. 28-76 through 28-85) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Unusual Epithelial Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Primary Thyroid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Thyroid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (TMEC) (Figs. 28-86 and 28-87) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma with Eosinophilia (SMECE) (Fig. 28-88) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Squamous Cell Malignant Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) (Figs. 28-89 through 28-91) Mucinous Carcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland (Fig. 28-92) Neuroendocrine Neoplasms C-Cell–Related Lesions (C-Cell Hyperplasia and Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma) C-Cell Hyperplasia (CCH) (Figs. 28-93 through 28-95) Reactive or “Physiologic” CCH Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Neoplastic CCH Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) (Figs. 28-96 through 28-102) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Mixed Medullary-Follicular Carcinoma (Follicular-Parafollicular Carcinoma) and Mixed Medullary-Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (Other than MTC) (see Fig. 28-102) Thyroid Paraganglioma (Fig. 28-103) Clinical (Limited to the Thyroid Gland) Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Lymphoproliferative Diseases of the Thyroid Gland Benign Lymphoproliferative Disorders Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) (Fig. 28-104) Clinical and Pathology (Limited to Thyroid Involvement) Treatment and Prognosis Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (ESHML) Clinical and Pathology (Limited to Thyroid Involvement) Malignant Lymphoproliferative Neoplasm Non-Hodgkin Malignant Lymphoma (NHML) (Figs. 28-105 through 28-109) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology General Features Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of the MALT Type Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Other Thyroid Malignant Lymphoproliferative Neoplasms Nonepithelial Neoplasms of the Thyroid Excluding Lymphoproliferative Diseases Mesenchymal Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Benign Mesenchymal Tumors Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors (Sarcomas) General Considerations Angiosarcoma (Figs. 28-113 and 28-114) Clinical Pathology Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Teratoma Thyroid Teratoma (Figs. 28-115 through 28-117) Pediatric Thyroid Teratomas Adult Thyroid Teratomas Thyroid Lesions with Thymic Differentiation Spindle Epithelial Tumor with Thymus-Like Differentiation (SETTLE) (Figs. 28-118 and 28-119) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation (CASTLE) (Fig. 28-120) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Secondary or Metastatic Tumors to the Thyroid (Figs. 28-121 through 28-123 and Box 28-8) Further Reading Further Reading Thyroid Neoplasms: General Considerations Follicular Adenoma Follicular Adenoma, Oncocytic Type Hyalinizing Trabecular Adenoma Follicular Adenoma with Atypical Features Follicular Adenoma with Clear Cells Follicular Adenoma with Signet Ring Cells Follicular Adenoma with Intracellular Fat Droplets Additional Alterations Seen in Follicular Adenomas Malignant Follicular Epithelial and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Follicular Carcinoma, Oncocytic Type Rare Variants of Follicular Carcinoma Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary Microcarcinoma Encapsulated Variant Follicular Variant Macrofollicular Variant Oncocytic Papillary Carcinoma Warthin Tumor-Like Clear Cell Variant TPC with Nodular Fasciitis-Like Stroma Solid Variant Cribriform-Morular Variant Diffuse Sclerosing Variant Tall Cell Variant Columnar Cell Variant Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma Unusual Epithelial Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Mucinous Carcinoma C-Cell–Related Lesions Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Mixed Medullary-Follicular Carcinoma and Mixed Medullary-Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Thyroid Paraganglioma Lymphoproliferative Diseases of the Thyroid Gland Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (SHML) Malignant Lymphoproliferative Disorders Plasmacytoma Hodgkin’s Disease Mesenchymal Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors (Sarcomas) Angiosarcoma Teratomas Thyroid Lesions with Thymic Differentiation Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation Secondary or Metastatic Tumors to the Thyroid Chapter 29 29 Thyroid Gland Post Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)-Related Histologic Changes and Intraoperative Consultation Post Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)-Related Morphologic Changes (Figs. 29-1 through 29-11) Intraoperative Consultation (IOC) (Frozen Section) of the Thyroid Gland (Figs. 29-12 through 29-20) Indications Surgeon’s Expectations Specimen Handling Gross Findings Intraoperative Cytology Diagnostic Considerations Diagnostic Accuracy of IOC of the Thyroid Gland Contraindications and Limitations of IOC of Thyroid Gland Lesions Summary Further Reading Further Reading Fine-Needle Aspiration Changes Intraoperative Consultation Chapter 30 30 Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Parathyroid Glands Embryology Anatomic Considerations (Fig. 30-1) Blood Supply and Lymphatics Innervation Histology (Figs. 30-2 through 30-4; Table 30-1) Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 31 31 Parathyroid Glands: Hyperparathyroidism Primary Hyperparathyroidism Clinical Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Clinical Further Reading Further Reading Hyperparathyroidism, Including Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Hypoparathyroidism Chapter 32 32 Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Parathyroid Glands Classification of Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Parathyroid Glands (Box 32-1) Primary Chief Cell Hyperplasia (Figs. 32-1 through 32-5, Table 32-1) Clinical Radiology Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Water-Clear Cell Hyperplasia (Figs. 32-6 and 32-7) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Parathyroid Cyst (Figs. 32-8 through 32-10) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Chronic Parathyroiditis (Fig. 32-11) Clinical Pathology Gross Histology Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Primary Chief Cell Hyperplasia Water-Clear Cell Hyperplasia Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Cyst Chronic Parathyroiditis Chapter 33 33 Neoplasms of the Parathyroid Glands Classification of Neoplasms of the Parathyroid Glands (Box 33-1) Parathyroid Adenoma (Figs. 33-1 through 33-22, Table 33-1) Clinical Pathology Cytology Gross Histology Double Parathyroid Adenomas Histologic Variants of Parathyroid Adenoma Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Parathyroid Carcinoma (Figs. 33-23 through 33-38, see Table 33-1) Clinical Radiology Pathology Gross Histology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Secondary Neoplasms (Fig. 33-39) Clinical Pathology Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Further Reading Further Reading Parathyroid Adenoma Parathyroid Carcinoma Secondary Neoplasms Chapter 34 34 Intraoperative Consultation (Frozen Section) in Parathyroid Gland and Parathyroid Proliferative Disease (PPD)/Hyperparathyroidism Considerations Normal Size and Weight (Table 34-1) Indications for Intraoperative Consultation for Hyperparathyroidism Surgeons’ Expectations of the Intraoperative Assessment of Parathyroid Exploration Practical Reality of the Intraoperative Assessment of Parathyroid Exploration Handling of Resected Parathyroid Glands Inking of Parathyroid Glands Microscopic Findings at Frozen Section (Figs. 34-1 through 34-8) Microhyperplasia Flow Chart for Intraoperative Assessment for Hyperparathyroidism Pitfalls And/or Issues in the Intraoperative Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands Reexploration for Persistent or Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Carcinoma Parathyroid Proliferative Disease (PPD) in “Ectopic” Sites Adjunct Methods in the Intraoperative Evaluation of Parathyroid Proliferative Disease Fat Stains Density Gradients Intraoperative Monitoring of Parathyroid Hormone Levels Accuracy of Intraoperative Confirmation of Parathyroid Tissue and Intraoperative Diagnosis Further Reading Further Reading Chapter 35 35 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes Introduction MEN Type 1 MEN Type 2 MEN-2A MEN-2B Familial MTC (FMTC) Treatment and Prognosis Inherited Syndromes with Different Endocrine Neoplasms Further Reading Further Reading Blank Page
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