Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine: Human Structure, Ultrastructure and 3D Reconstruction Images

Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons....Pages 3-18
Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells....Pages 19-36
Ultrastructure of the Endoneurium....Pages 37-57
Ultrastructure of the Perineurium....Pages 59-84
Ultrastructure of the Epineurium....Pages 85-98
Origin of the Fascicles and Intraneural Plexus....Pages 99-126
Macroscopic View of the Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus....Pages 127-160
Cross-Sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus and Paraneural Sheaths....Pages 161-188
Macroscopic View of the Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus....Pages 189-211
Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and its Dissected Branches....Pages 213-236
Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and Paraneural Sheaths....Pages 237-269
Computerized Tomographic Images of Intraneural Injection....Pages 271-279
Ultrasound View of Intraneural Injection....Pages 281-303
Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy....Pages 305-310
Structure of Nerve Lesions After “In Vitro” Punctures....Pages 311-333
Scanning Electron Microscopy View of In Vitro Intraneural Injections....Pages 335-346
Injection of Dye Inside the Paraneural Sheath of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa....Pages 347-353
High-Definition and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve....Pages 355-381
Front Matter....Pages 383-383
Spinal Dural Sac, Nerve Root Cuffs, Rootlets, and Nerve Roots....Pages 385-409
Ultrastructure of Spinal Dura Mater....Pages 411-434
Front Matter....Pages 383-383
Ultrastructure of the Spinal Arachnoid Layer....Pages 435-453
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Dural Sac....Pages 455-466
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Epidural Fat....Pages 467-478
Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid....Pages 479-497
Ultrastructure of Spinal Pia Mater....Pages 499-522
Ultrastructure of Spinal Subdural Compartment: Origin of Spinal Subdural Space....Pages 523-542
Unintentional Subdural and Intradural Placement of Epidural Catheters....Pages 543-552
Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Nerve Roots....Pages 553-571
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Cauda Equina Nerve Roots....Pages 573-583
Spinal Nerve Root Lesions After “In Vitro” Needle Puncture....Pages 585-606
Nerve Root Cuff Lesions After “In Vitro” Needle Puncture and Model of “In Vitro” Nerve Stimuli Caused by Epidural Catheters....Pages 607-632
Ligamentum Flavum and Related Spinal Ligaments....Pages 633-637
The Ligamentum Flavum....Pages 639-650
Subarachnoid (Intrathecal) Ligaments....Pages 651-671
Displacement of the Nerve Roots of Cauda Equina in Different Positions....Pages 673-678
Anatomy of the Thoracic Spinal Canal in Different Postures: An MRI Investigation....Pages 679-697
Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio....Pages 699-704
Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Dura-Epineurium Transition Tissue....Pages 705-720
Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Arachnoid Layer–Perineurium Transition Tissue at Preganglionic, Ganglionic, and Postganglionic Levels....Pages 721-747
Spinal Cord Stimulation....Pages 749-766
Front Matter....Pages 383-383
Ultrastructure of Dural Lesions Produced in Lumbar Punctures....Pages 767-793
Injections of Particulate Steroids for Nerve Root Blockade: Ultrastructural Examination of Complicating Factors....Pages 795-812
Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections....Pages 813-826
Front Matter....Pages 827-827
Needles in Regional Anesthesia....Pages 829-852
Catheters in Regional Anesthesia....Pages 853-873
Epidural Filters and Particles from Surgical Gloves....Pages 875-888
Front Matter....Pages 889-889
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Roots, and Surrounding Structures....Pages 891-897
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Root Volume Quantification from Magnetic Resonance Images....Pages 899-904
Scanning Electron Microscopy....Pages 905-914
Transmission Electron Microscopy....Pages 915-925
Back Matter....Pages 927-935