Atherosclerosis: Metabolic, Morphologic, and Clinical Aspects

Front Matter....Pages I-XXXVII
Welcoming Address....Pages 1-2
Introduction....Pages 3-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
Highlights of Current Research in Atherosclerosis....Pages 9-14
Plasma Lipoproteins: Recent Developments....Pages 15-33
Arterial Endothelium and Its Potentials....Pages 34-51
The Coronary Drug Project --- Findings with Regard to Estrogen, Dextrothyroxine, Clofibrate and Niacin....Pages 52-75
The Place of Aorto-Coronary By-Pass Surgery in the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease....Pages 76-85
Current Concepts of Coronary Thrombosis as Related to Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction....Pages 86-93
Effect of Drugs on Platelets and Complications of Vascular Disease....Pages 94-105
Front Matter....Pages 107-108
Hyperlipoproteinemia in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients and Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients....Pages 109-111
Cholesterol Tracking; Prediction over Time of Serum Cholesterol in Evans County. GA.....Pages 112-114
Coronary Heart Disease Profile in Australian Men and Some Factors Influencing Survival....Pages 115-117
Exercise St Segment Depressions in Asymptomatic Hyperlipoproteinaemia and Its Relation to Various Lipoprotein Classes....Pages 118-120
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Mortality in the Island of Crete Study....Pages 121-123
Non-Obstructive Mural Coronary Thrombosis in Sudden Death....Pages 124-126
Improved Biochemical Detection of Myocardial Ischemic Injury....Pages 127-129
Myocardial Perfusion Assessed by Direct Coronary Arterial Injection of Radiolabelled Particles....Pages 130-133
Controlled Trial of a Cardiac Ambulance Service Manned by Ambulance Personnel....Pages 134-135
The Heparin Neutralizing Activity Test in the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)....Pages 136-138
Chylomicron Remnant Particle Formation In Vivo in Hepatectomised Rat....Pages 139-141
Front Matter....Pages 107-108
Further Studies on Glycosaminoglycan — Lipoprotein Interactions....Pages 155-159
Interactions of Glycosaminglycans with Collagen and Elastin in Bovine Aorta....Pages 160-163
Structural Characterization of Gangliosides from Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Thoracic Aortas....Pages 164-166
Studies on the Role of Increased Arterial Glycolysis in Atherogenesis....Pages 167-170
Influence of Glycosaminoglycan Content on Diffusive Transport of Calcium and Water Across the In Vitro Artery Wall....Pages 171-173
Interrelationship of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis in a Subhuman Primate Model....Pages 174-176
Altered Renal flow in the Localization of Sudanophilic Lesion in Rabbit Aortas....Pages 177-179
The Hemodynamic Basis of Atherosclerosis....Pages 180-181
City — Wide Screening for Detection of Hypertension....Pages 182-183
Lipid-Protein Proportionate and Disproportionate Varieties of Lipoproteinemia....Pages 184-187
Metabolic Effects of the Bile Acid Sequestrant Polidexide (Secholex R ) in Man....Pages 188-190
Colestipol Hydrochloride, a new Hypolipidemic Drug: A Two-Year Study — Summary....Pages 191-194
Dietary Influence on Molecular Distribution of Serum Lipoproteins in Subjects with Proven Coronary Artery Disease....Pages 195-197
The Educational Diagnosis in Nutrition Counseling for Serum Cholesterol Reduction....Pages 198-200
Metabolic Response to Intralipid Infusions in the Neonatal Period....Pages 201-203
Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Children from a Biracial Community-The Bogalusa Heart Study....Pages 204-207
Use of Esterified Retinol to Trace the Degradation of Chylomicrons in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits....Pages 142-145
Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Lipase in Normal Human Subjects: Relationship to Age, Sex and Triglyceride Metabolism....Pages 146-148
Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Lipase Activity in Post-Heparin Plasma of Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia....Pages 149-151
Autoimmune Hyperlipidemia in the Nephrotic Syndrome....Pages 152-154
Front Matter....Pages 107-108
Associations Between Fibrinolytic Activity and Other Variables in an Industrial Population....Pages 219-221
Effects of Aspirin and Sulfinpyrazone on Platelet Prostaglandin Synthesis....Pages 222-224
Increase in Platelet Factor 4-Like Activity in the Initial Stages of Atherosclerosis in Pigeons....Pages 225-227
Inhibition of Platelet Adherence to Damaged Vessel wall by Drugs....Pages 228-230
Experimental Modification of Platelet Survival....Pages 231-233
Turnover of Cholesterol in Aorta of Rabbits Previously fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet....Pages 265-267
Turnover and Aortic Uptake of Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) from Hypercholesteremic Rabbits: Effect of Metformin....Pages 268-271
Hyperreactive Arterial Endothelial Cells in Atherogenesis....Pages 234-236
The Effect of Moderate Increases in Serum Cholesterol on the Blood-Artery Cholesterol Transfer Barrier....Pages 237-239
Cholesterol Exchange: Evidence for a Role in Arterial Cholesterol Accumulation....Pages 240-243
Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Endothelial Cells in Culture....Pages 244-245
Effect of Lipoprotein on In Vitro Synthesis of DNA in Aortic Tissue....Pages 246-248
Comparison of Age Related Alterations in Arterial Sterol Accumulation, Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Balance in Spontaneously Atherosclerosis-Susceptible and Atherosclerosis-Resistant Pigeons....Pages 249-251
Hereditary Hyperlipidemia in Chickens — Model for Study of Toxic Oxidation Products Found in Significant Amounts in U.S.P. Cholesterol, Powdered Eggs and Milk....Pages 252-255
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Plasma Lipoproteins in Nonhuman Primates....Pages 256-258
Lipoproteins and the In Vitro Study of Cholesterol Metabolism in Gerbils....Pages 259-261
A Circulating Inhibitor of Post-Heparin Plasma Lipolysis in the Type IV-V Hyperlipoproteinemia Induced in Green Lymphoma-Bearing Hamsters....Pages 262-264
Identification and Management of the Child at Risk for Atherosclerosis....Pages 208-211
A Study of the Dose-Effect Relationship of Cholestyramine in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 212-215
Hyperlipidaemia and Weight Gain After Maturity....Pages 216-218
Front Matter....Pages 107-108
The Characteristics of Human Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism: Influence of Low Caloric Diet on Hyperlipidemia....Pages 279-282
Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Compared with Subjects Free of Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 283-285
Cholesterol Synthesis and Uptake by Fat Cells in Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 286-289
Effects of Caloric Restriction on Cholesterol Metabolism in Hyperlipemic Obese Subjects....Pages 290-293
Relationships Between Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and the Pool Size and Metabolism of Cholesterol in Man....Pages 294-296
The Investigation of Cerebral Perfusion Using Intra-Arterial Injection of Isotopically Labelled Albumin Macro-Aggregates....Pages 328-331
Extracranial to Intracranial Microvascular Anastomosis: A New Approach to the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease....Pages 332-334
Increased Oxygen Consumption in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits....Pages 272-274
Effects of Dietary Proteins and Amino Acids on the Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations of Rabbits fed Cholesterol-Free Diets....Pages 275-277
Serum and Aortic Lipids of Rats fed Long-Term Equilibrate Diets Containing Various Alimentary Fats....Pages 278-278
Injected 7-OXO Cholesterol and Plant Sterol Derivatives and Hepatic Cholesterogenesis....Pages 297-299
The Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on in Vitro Lipogenesis and Glycogen Synthesis from U- 14 C-Glucose in the Rat Aorta....Pages 300-302
Cholesterol Ester: Lysolecithin Acyltransferase Activity of the Aorta....Pages 303-305
Significance of Lipoprotein Lipase in Rat Skeletal Muscle....Pages 306-307
Decreased Cardiac Glycogen Following Phenformin Injection in Hyperglycemic, Hyperinsulinemic Anaesthetized Rats....Pages 308-310
Comparative Ultrastructure of Primate Fatty Streaks....Pages 311-314
Spontaneous Arterial Lesions in Normal Pigs and Pigs with Von Willebrand’s Disease....Pages 315-317
Injury Induced Atherosclerosis; Is Injury or Thrombosis Responsible for Progression of Lesions?....Pages 318-320
The Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on the Response Patterns after Different Types of Defined Mechanical Injury....Pages 321-323
Arterial Surface Changes Examined by Scanning (SEM) and Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscopy....Pages 324-327
Front Matter....Pages 107-108
The Surgical Repair of Acute Ventricular Septal Defect as a Complication of Myocardial Infarction....Pages 335-336
The Membrane Lung in Routine Bloodless Open Heart Surgery....Pages 337-339
New Surgical Approach to Diffuse Coronary Occlusion: Selective Arterialization of the Coronary Veins....Pages 340-341
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
Introduction to Lipid Clinic I....Pages 345-346
Objectives....Pages 347-348
Organization of Lipid Clinics....Pages 349-352
Standardization of Currently Employed Biochemical Procedures (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Lipoprotein Electrophoresis, and Typing)....Pages 353-358
The Dietary Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia....Pages 359-363
A Point of View on Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia....Pages 364-369
Discussion (Lipid Clinic I)....Pages 370-375
Lessons from the Myocardial Infarction Research Units....Pages 376-379
The Effect of Local Vasodilating Agents....Pages 380-382
Infarct Size: Its Estimation and Modification....Pages 383-387
Mechanical Assist in the Treatment of Impending or Established Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock....Pages 388-393
New Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and its Size: The Surgical Approach....Pages 394-397
Discussion (New Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and its Size)....Pages 398-405
The Origin and Fate of Chylomicrons and VLDL....Pages 406-412
The Origin and Fate of LDL....Pages 413-420
The Origin and Fate of HDL....Pages 421-426
The Role of LCAT in Cholesterol Transport....Pages 427-431
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
Introduction....Pages 432-433
Progression and Regression of Experimental Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 434-439
Dietary Restriction and Progress of Atheroma....Pages 440-446
Regression of Complicated Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Abdominal Aortas of Swine....Pages 447-452
Studies of Regression/Progression of Atherosclerosis in Man....Pages 453-458
Approaches to Evaluating Regression of Experimental Atherosclerosis....Pages 459-470
Discussion (Regression of Lesions)....Pages 471-476
Experimental Investigation of Hypolipidemic and Anti-Atherosclerotic Drugs with Different Mechanism of Action....Pages 477-482
Treatment of Hyperlipoproteinemias with Neomycin, Probucol and Tibric Acid....Pages 483-488
Cholesterol Turnover and Metabolism in Normal and Hyperlipidemic Patients....Pages 489-493
Genetic Studies in Outpatients: Plasma Cholesterol in Family and Twin Studies....Pages 494-500
Discussion (Lipid Clinic II)....Pages 501-503
Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Childhood....Pages 504-508
The Lesion in Children....Pages 509-513
Genetics of the Hyperlipidemias and Cardiovascular Implications....Pages 514-518
Dietary Management of Familial Type II — Hyperlipoproteinemia in Children and Adolescents — A Feasibility Study....Pages 519-523
Treatment of Hyperlipidemias in Childhood....Pages 524-530
Discussion....Pages 531-536
Introduction....Pages 537-539
Fibrinolytic Activity and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis....Pages 540-544
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
Dietary Fatty Acids and Arterial Thrombosis: Effects and Mechanism of Action with Special Reference to Linoleic Acid....Pages 545-551
Uptake of Labelled Cholesterol by Organizing Thrombus....Pages 552-557
Mural Thrombosis and Plaque Growth....Pages 558-562
Dynamics of Thrombus Formation....Pages 563-568
Summary (Plasma Lipids and Thrombosis)....Pages 569-572
Opening Remarks to Discussion....Pages 573-575
Genetic Studies of Atherosclerosis in Animals....Pages 576-592
The Baboon as an Experimental Model in Drug Testing....Pages 593-596
Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis in Swine Produced by Combination of Balloon-Catheter Injury and Cholesterol Feeding....Pages 597-602
Evolution and Regression of Aortic Fatty Streaks in Rhesus Monkeys....Pages 603-613
Comparison of Primates and Rabbits as Animal Models in Experimental Atherosclerosis....Pages 614-622
Discussion (Animal Models in the Study of Atherosclerosis)....Pages 623-629
The Effects of Nutrition on Lipid Metabolism....Pages 630-637
Influence of Dietary Fat and Protein on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in the Early Postnatal Period....Pages 638-643
Results of Treatment of Hyperlipidemias; Short Term Effect on Cholesterol Metabolism....Pages 644-648
Results of Treatment of Hyperlipidemias: Long-Term Compliance and Effect on Lipid Metabolism....Pages 649-655
The Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemia....Pages 656-660
Discussion (The Effects of Nutrition and Treatment on Lipid Metabolism)....Pages 661-667
An Overview of Myocardial Blood Flow....Pages 668-673
Studies of Regional Myocardial Perfusion in the Anginal Patient....Pages 674-686
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
The Determinants of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow....Pages 687-692
Regional Myocardial Perfusion: Studies with 133 Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera....Pages 693-702
Discussion (Current Investigations in Myocardial Perfusion)....Pages 703-706
Tissue Culture in the Study of Atherosclerosis....Pages 707-711
Electron Microscopic Techniques in the Study of Cultured Vascular Cells....Pages 712-718
Techniques for Culturing Arterial Endothelial Cells....Pages 719-723
Cultured Human Fibroblasts in the Study of Atherosclerosis....Pages 724-729
Cultured Human Endothelial Cells and Atherosclerosis....Pages 730-736
Discussion (Tissue Culture I)....Pages 737-740
Introduction....Pages 741-742
Secretion and Assembly of Collagen — Present Status....Pages 743-757
Aortic Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase....Pages 758-761
Pathophysiology of the Intercellular Matrix as a Whole....Pages 762-766
Morphology of Collagen and Elastin Fibers in Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 767-773
Biochemistry of Collagen and Elastic Fibers in Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 774-781
Glycosaminoglycans in Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 782-785
The Mode of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions....Pages 786-792
Role of Arterial Lipoproteins in the Formation of the Fibrous Plaque....Pages 793-799
Discussion (Connective Tissues in Atherosclerotic Lesions)....Pages 800-802
Choice of Objectives in Atherosclerosis Prevention....Pages 803-807
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
National Views: Australia....Pages 808-814
Prevention Programs in Canada....Pages 815-822
Diet and Coronary Heart Disease — A British Point of View....Pages 823-827
New Zealand Perspectives....Pages 828-833
The Status in Sweden....Pages 834-842
The Alternative American Diet....Pages 843-849
Recommendations to the Public for Prevention of Atherosclerosis from Six Western Countries — their Application to Children....Pages 850-855
Practical Considerations Regarding Availability of Food Supplies....Pages 856-857
Discussion (Recommendations to the Public for Prevention of Atherosclerosis)....Pages 858-864
Introduction....Pages 865-866
Effect of Lipid Accumulation on Arterial Wall Bioenergetics....Pages 867-871
Quantitative Studies of the Interaction Between Plasma and Tissue Components in Human Intima....Pages 872-877
Arterial Cholesterol Esterase....Pages 878-881
Participation of Phospholipids in Arterial Metabolism of Cholesterol Esters....Pages 882-887
The Significance of ‘Bound’ and ‘Labile’ Fractions of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Fibrinogen in the Arterial Wall....Pages 888-893
Summary....Pages 894-895
Discussion (Biochemistry of Arterial Wall: Factors in Mural Lipid Accumulation)....Pages 896-902
The Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Uptake of VLDL, LDL, HDL....Pages 903-908
Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by Swine Lipoproteins....Pages 909-914
The Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Cellular Proliferation and Morphology....Pages 915-920
Front Matter....Pages 343-344
The Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell: Stimulation of Cholesterol Esterification by Plasma Lipoproteins....Pages 921-927
Production of Glycosaminoglycans, Collagen and Elastic Tissue by Aortic Medial Explants....Pages 928-933
Summary....Pages 934-937
Discussion....Pages 938-942
Theoretical Models for Transport of Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Arterial Wall....Pages 943-951
The Morphologic Basis of Arterial Endothelial Permeability: Some Ultrastructural Aspects of the Evans Blue Model....Pages 952-958
Light Microscopic Localization of Actomyosin and Tropomyosin in Tissues by Immunoperoxidase Technique Following Fixation in Dimethylsuberimidate and Embedding in Polyethylene Glycol....Pages 959-964
The Morphologic Basis for Normal Endothelial Permeability....Pages 965-968
The Morphological Basis for Altered Endothelial Permeability in Atherosclerosis....Pages 969-974
The Influence of Hypercholesterolemia Upon Endothelial Glycocalix....Pages 975-981
Resume of Workshop-Conference....Pages 983-988
Closing Remarks....Pages 989-990
Back Matter....Pages 991-1017