Astronomical Spectroscopy: An Introduction To The Atomic And Molecular Physics Of Astronomical Spectra (Immperial College Press Advanced Physics Texts)

CONTENTS......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
1.1 A Historical Introduction......Page 12
1.2 What One Can Learn from Studying Spectra......Page 14
Problems......Page 17
2.1 Transitions......Page 18
2.2 Absorption and Emission......Page 19
2.4 Stimulated Emission......Page 21
2.5 Optical Depth......Page 22
2.6 Critical Density......Page 23
2.7 Wavelength or Frequency?......Page 24
2.8 The Electromagnetic Spectrum......Page 25
Problem......Page 27
3.2 The Schrodinger Equation of Hydrogen-Like Atoms......Page 28
3.3 Reduced Mass......Page 29
3.4 Atomic Units......Page 30
3.5 Wavefunctions for Hydrogen......Page 31
3.6 Energy Levels and Quantum Numbers......Page 32
3.7 H-Atom Discrete Spectra......Page 34
3.8.1 Balmer series......Page 41
3.8.2 Lyman series......Page 44
3.8.3 Infrared lines......Page 45
3.9.1 Processes......Page 46
3.9.2 H-atom emission in H II regions......Page 47
3.10 Radio Recombination Lines......Page 49
3.11 Radio Recombination Lines for Other Atoms......Page 51
3.12 Angular Momentum Coupling in the Hydrogen Atom......Page 54
3.13 The Fine Structure of Hydrogen......Page 55
3.14 Hyperfine Structure in the H Atom......Page 57
3.15 Allowed Transitions......Page 58
3.16 Hydrogen in Nebulae......Page 59
Problems......Page 60
4.1 General Considerations......Page 62
4.2 Central Field Model......Page 63
4.3 Indistinguishable Particles......Page 65
4.4 Electron Configurations......Page 66
4.5 The Periodic Table......Page 68
4.6 Ions......Page 69
4.7 Angular Momentum in Complex Atoms......Page 70
4.7.1 L–S or Russell–Saunders coupling......Page 71
4.7.2 j–j coupling......Page 72
4.8 Spectroscopic Notation......Page 73
4.10 Terms and Levels in Complex Atoms......Page 75
Problems......Page 78
5.1 He I and He II Spectra......Page 80
5.2 Selection Rules for Complex Atoms......Page 82
5.3 Observing Forbidden Lines......Page 85
5.4 Grotrian Diagrams......Page 86
5.5 Potential Felt by Electrons in Complex Atoms......Page 88
5.6 Emissions of Helium-Like Ions......Page 89
Problems......Page 91
6.1 Sodium......Page 92
6.2 Spin-Orbit Interactions......Page 95
6.3 Fine Structure Transitions......Page 99
6.4 Astronomical Sodium Spectra......Page 100
Ca II or potassium-like calcium......Page 104
Mg II or sodium-like magnesium......Page 105
C IV or lithium-like carbon......Page 107
Problems......Page 108
7.1 Nebulium......Page 110
7.2 The Bowen Mechanism......Page 115
7.3 Two Valence Electrons......Page 119
7.4 Autoionisation and Recombination......Page 121
Problems......Page 125
8. X-Ray Spectra......Page 127
8.1 The Solar Corona......Page 130
8.2 Isotope Effects......Page 131
Problems......Page 134
9. Molecular Structure......Page 135
9.1 The Born–Oppenheimer Approximation......Page 136
9.2 Electronic Structure of Diatomics......Page 137
9.2.1 Labelling of electronic states......Page 139
9.2.2 Symmetry......Page 141
9.3 Schrodinger Equation......Page 143
9.4 Fractionation......Page 148
9.5 Vibration–Rotation Energy Levels......Page 149
9.6.1 Rotational state populations......Page 152
9.6.2 Vibrational state populations......Page 154
Problems......Page 155
10.1 Selection Rules: Pure Rotational Transitions......Page 157
10.1.2 Rotational spectra of other molecules......Page 162
10.1.3 Rotational spectra of molecular hydrogen......Page 165
10.2 Vibrational Transitions......Page 166
10.2.1 Structure of the spectrum......Page 167
10.2.3 Hydrogen molecule vibrational spectra......Page 170
10.3.1 Selection rules......Page 172
10.3.2 Vibrational selection rules......Page 174
10.3.3 Rotational selection rules......Page 175
10.3.4 Transition frequencies......Page 176
10.3.5 Astronomical spectra......Page 177
10.4 Non-1  Electronic States......Page 180
10.5 Maser Emissions......Page 182
Problems......Page 184
Solutions to Model Problems......Page 185
Further Reading and Bibliography......Page 197
Index......Page 198