Assessing the Environmental Impact of Agriculture

Achieving carbon-negative bioenergy systems from plant materials\n	Contents\n	Series list\n	Acknowledgements\n	Introduction\n	Part 1 Technologies\n		Chapter 1 Biomass gasification for bioenergy\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Fundamentals of biomass gasification\n			3 Biomass gasification for heat and power generation\n			4 Fuel synthesis from biomass gasification synthesis gas\n			5 Carbon balance value of by-products from thermal gasification of biomass\n			6 System integration for polygeneration\n			7 Conclusion\n			8 Where to look for further information\n			9 References\n		Chapter 2 Fast pyrolysis for biofuel production\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Chemical reaction kinetics of fast pyrolysis\n			3 Fast pyrolysis process technologies\n			4 From hydroprocessing to catalytic upgrading\n			5 Co-products and uses in the market\n			6 Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) review\n			7 Commercialization and demonstration of biomass fast pyrolysis\n			8 Conclusion and future trends\n			9 Where to look for further information\n			10 References\n		Chapter 3 Producing biofuels with torrefaction\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Biomass as a sustainable energy source\n			3 The development of biomass pretreatment technologies\n			4 Biomass densification technologies\n			5 Pretreatment technologies: an overview\n			6 Steam explosion[21]\n			7 Dry torrefaction\n			8 Pelleting/briquetting\n			9 Hydrothermal carbonization (wet torrefaction)\n			10 Advantages and limitations of biomass pretreatments\n			11 Use of torrefied biomass in power plants[6,30–34]\n			12 Case study: use of torrefied wood pellets at Portland General Electric’s Boardman Facility[6]\n			13 Summary\n			14 Acknowledgements\n			15 References\n			16 Appendix: key sources on torrefaction\n	Part 2 Materials\n		Chapter 4 Production of biodiesel from renewable sources\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Types of feedstocks for biodiesel production\n			3 Understanding transesterification for biodiesel production\n			4 Optimizing operating conditions for biodiesel synthesis\n			5 Optimizing supercritical transesterification technology for biodiesel production: a case study\n			6 Improving biodiesel quality\n			7 Conclusions\n			8 Where to look for further information\n			9 References\n		Chapter 5 Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: Jatropha curcas\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Characteristics of Jatropha curcas L.\n			3 Jatropha curcas as a biodiesel feedstock: transesterification\n			4 Factors affecting enzymatic transesterification using immobilized lipase\n			5 Life cycle assessment of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel production\n			6 Economic analysis of biodiesel production\n			7 References\n		Chapter 6 Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: canola/rapeseed\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Current technologies and constraints of biodiesel production\n			3 Life cycle assessment of canola/rapeseed biodiesel\n			4 Future trends and conclusion\n			5 Where to look for further information\n			6 References\n		Chapter 7 Sustainable use of Miscanthus for biofuel\n			1 Introduction\n			2 The energy balance\n			3 Nutrient-use efficiency\n			4 Water use/water-use efficiency\n			5 Carbon flux\n			6 Life cycle assessment (LCA) for different end uses\n			7 Traits and/or agronomy for improved sustainability\n			8 Conclusion and future trends\n			9 Acknowledgements\n			10 Where to look for further information\n			11 References\n		Chapter 8 Sustainable use of switchgrass for biofuel\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Switchgrass and environmental sustainability metrics\n			3 Challenges in becoming a primary feedstock resource\n			4 Switchgrass production and agronomics in the context of sustainability\n			5 Economic, policy and social issues\n			6 Case study\n			7 Conclusion\n			8 Future trends\n			9 Where to look for further information\n			10 References\n		Chapter 9 Sustainable production of willow for biofuel use\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Feedstock quality for biofuel use\n			3 Feedstock productivity\n			4 Cropping security\n			5 Biodiversity\n			6 Nutrient uptake and use\n			7 Carbon accumulation and sequestration\n			8 Ecosystem services and environmental impact\n			9 Case study\n			10 Summary and future trends\n			11 Acknowledgements\n			12 Where to look for further information\n			13 References\n		Chapter 10 Sustainable use of seaweed for biofuel\n			1 Introduction\n			2 Seaweed as a feedstock for third-generation biofuels\n			3 Conversion technologies for biofuel production from seaweed: biochemical conversion by anaerobic digestion\n			4 Biochemical conversion by fermentation\n			5 Thermochemical conversion routes\n			6 Chemical conversion routes\n			7 Large-scale production case studies and technoeconomical assessments\n			8 Conclusion and future trends\n			9 References\n	Index