Asphyxiation, Suffocation, and Neck Pressure Deaths

Introduction. History. Crime statistics and incidence. Pathophysiology. Definition and terms. Suffocation. Smothering. Choking.Entrapment. Pressure to the neck. Investigations and Investigative Techniques. Crime scene investigation - Best practices in approaching these deaths. Postmortem radiology. Autopsy. Neuropathology. Histology. Anatomical and Other Findings. Gross anatomical findings. Histopathology. Molecular pathology. Neuropathology. Biochemistry. Toxicology as risk factors. Different Types of Asphyxiation, Suffocation, Strangulation. General remarks - accident, suicide, homicide. Smothering. Choking.Suffocation. Entrapment. Pressure to the neck. Traumatic asphyxia, burking, Perthe`s syndrome, compression asphyxia. Positional asphyxia, postural asphyxia. Death upside down. Traumatic carotic sinus reflex. Bolus death, inhalation of foreign bodies. Drowning.Autoerotic accident, sexual asphyxia or masochistic practices. Plastic bag asphyxia. Death in high altitude. Death at depth. Excited delirium, police neck holds. Suffocation in childhood, differential diagnosis to SIDS. Masking of homicide. Suffocation with soft covers. Suffocation during/after anesthesia or due to medical malpractice. Incaprettamento. Entrapment. Asphyxia due to metabolic poison. Survived neck compression. Pitfalls, mistakes.