Aspen Plus: Chemical Engineering Applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
CONTENTS
PREFACE
THE BOOK THEME
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WHAT DO YOU GET OUT OF THIS BOOK?
WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK?
NOTES FOR INSTRUCTORS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING ASPEN PLUS®
	WHAT DOES ASPEN STAND FOR?
	WHAT IS ASPEN PLUS® PROCESS SIMULATION MODEL?
	LAUNCHING ASPEN PLUS® V12.1
	BEGINNING A SIMULATION
	ENTERING COMPONENTS
	SPECIFYING THE PROPERTY METHOD
	IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROPERTY METHOD ACCURACY
	FILE SAVING
	A GOOD FLOWSHEETING PRACTICE
	ASPEN PLUS® BUILT-IN HELP
	FOR MORE INFORMATION
	Reference
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.1 (PXY) DIAGRAM
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.2 (ΔGMIX) FOR AN IDEAL AND REAL SYSTEM
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.3 (LIKES DISSOLVE LIKES) AS ENVISAGED BY NRTL PROPERTY METHOD
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.4 THE MIXING RULE FOR THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.5 TXXY DIAGRAM FOR TRIETHYLAMINE–WATER SYSTEM
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.6 IBUPROFEN SOLUBILITY IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.7 ESTIMATION OF MIXTURE PROPERTIES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.8 MAPPING THE PROPERTY METHOD WITH THE CHEMICAL PROCESS/COMPONENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 1.9 SPELLING THE PROPERTY METHOD WITH THE CHEMICAL PROCESS/COMPONENT
CHAPTER 2 MORE ON ASPEN PLUS® FLOWSHEET FEATURES (1)
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	ENTERING AND NAMING COMPOUNDS
	BINARY INTERACTIONS
	THE “SIMULATION” ENVIRONMENT: ACTIVATION DASHBOARD
	PLACING A BLOCK AND MATERIAL STREAM FROM MODEL PALETTE
	BLOCK AND STREAM MANIPULATION
	DATA INPUT, PROJECT TITLE, AND REPORT OPTIONS
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION
	THE DIFFERENCE AMONG RECOMMENDED PROPERTY METHODS
	NIST/TDE EXPERIMENTAL DATA
	ADDING MORE STREAM PROPERTIES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.1 (WATER–ALCOHOL SYSTEM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.2 (WATER–ACETONE–EIPK SYSTEM WITH NIST/DTE DATA)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.3 (WATER–ACETONE–EIPK SYSTEM WITHOUT NIST/DTE DATA)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.4 (WATER–SUCROSE SYSTEM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.5 (WATER–GLUCOSE SYSTEM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 2.7 (PARAMETERIZED HYDROCARBON SYSTEM)
CHAPTER 3 MORE ON ASPEN PLUS® FLOWSHEET FEATURES (2)
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: CONTINUATION TO CHAPTER TWO
	THE CLEAN PARAMETERS STEP
	SIMULATION RESULTS CONVERGENCE
	ADDING STREAM TABLE
	PROPERTY SETS
	ADDING STREAM CONDITIONS
	PRINTING FROM ASPEN PLUS®
	VIEWING THE INPUT SUMMARY
	REPORT GENERATION
	STREAM PROPERTIES
	ADDING A FLASH SEPARATION UNIT
	THE REQUIRED INPUT FOR “FLASH3”-TYPE SEPARATOR
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION AND CHECKING THE RESULTS
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.1 (OUTPUT OF INPUT DATA AND RESULTS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.2 (OUTPUT OF INPUT DATA AND RESULTS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.3 (OUTPUT OF INPUT DATA AND RESULTS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.4 (THE PARTITION COEFFICIENT OF A SOLUTE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.5 (A PARAMETERIZED FLASH DRUM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.6 (SEPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS USING FLASH DRUMS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.7 (A PARAMETERIZED FLASH DRUM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 3.8 (A PARAMETERIZED HYDROCARBONS FLASH DRUM)
CHAPTER 4 FLASH SEPARATION AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	ADDING A SECOND MIXER AND FLASH
	DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS STUDY
	ASPEN PLUS® DISTILLATION COLUMN OPTIONS
	“DSTWU” DISTILLATION COLUMN
	“DISTL” DISTILLATION COLUMN
	“RADFRAC” DISTILLATION COLUMN
	DESIGN AND SPECIFY COLUMN INTERNALS
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.1 (WATER–ALCOHOL SYSTEM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.2 (WATER–ACETONE–EIPK SYSTEM WITH NIST/DTE DATA)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.3 (WATER–ACETONE–EIPK SYSTEM WITHOUT NIST/DTE DATA)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.4 (SCRUBBER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.5 (CYCLOHEXANE–TOLUENE DISTILLATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 4.6 (WATER–ETHANOL DISTILLATION)
CHAPTER 5 LIQUID–LIQUID EXTRACTION PROCESS
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	THE PROPER SELECTION FOR PROPERTY METHOD FOR EXTRACTION PROCESSES
	DEFINING NEW PROPERTY SETS
	THE PROPERTY METHOD VALIDATION VERSUS EXPERIMENTAL DATA USING SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
	A MULTISTAGE EXTRACTION COLUMN
	THE TRIANGLE DIAGRAM
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.1 (SEPARATION OF MEK FROM OCTANOL)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.2 (SEPARATION OF MEK FROM WATER USING OCTANE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.3 (SEPARATION OF ACETIC ACID FROM WATER USING ISOPROPYL BUTYL ETHER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.4 (SEPARATION OF ACETONE FROM WATER USING TRICHLOROETHANE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.5 (SEPARATION OF PROPIONIC ACID FROM WATER USING MEK)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.6 (SEPARATION OF ETHYL ACETATE FROM WATER USING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 5.7 (SEPARATION OF DILUTE ACETIC ACID FROM WATER USING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT)
CHAPTER 6 REACTORS WITH SIMPLE REACTION KINETIC FORMS
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	DEFINING REACTION RATE CONSTANT TO ASPEN PLUS® ENVIRONMENT
	ENTERING COMPONENTS AND METHOD OF PROPERTY
	THE RIGOROUS PLUG FLOW REACTOR (RPLUG)
	REACTOR AND REACTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR RPLUG (PFR)
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR ONLY)
	EXERCISE 6.1
	COMPRESSOR (CMPRSSR) AND RADFRAC RECTIFYING COLUMN (RECTIF)
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF)
	EXERCISE 6.2
	RADFRAC DISTILLATION COLUMN (DSTL)
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL)
	REACTOR AND REACTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR RCSTR
	RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL + RCSTR)
	EXERCISE 6.3
	SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: THE REACTOR’S OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.1 (HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SHELF LIFE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.2 (ESTERIFICATION PROCESS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.3 (LIQUID-PHASEISOMERIZATION OF N-BUTANE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.4 (LIQUID-PHASEBIODIESEL FORMATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.5 (TRIMETHYLENE GLYCOL FORMATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.6 (TRIETHYLAMINE FORMATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 6.7 (N-PROPYLPROPIONATE FORMATION)
CHAPTER 7 REACTORS WITH COMPLEX (NONCONVENTIONAL) REACTION KINETIC FORMS
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	NONCONVENTIONAL KINETICS: LHHW TYPE REACTION
	GENERAL EXPRESSIONS FOR SPECIFYING LHHW-TYPE REACTION IN ASPEN PLUS®
	THE “DRIVING FORCE” FOR THE NONREVERSIBLE (IRREVERSIBLE) CASE
	THE “DRIVING FORCE” FOR THE REVERSIBLE CASE
	THE “ADSORPTION EXPRESSION”
	THE PROPERTY METHOD: “SRK”
	RPLUG FLOWSHEET FOR METHANOL PRODUCTION
	ENTERING INPUT PARAMETERS
	DEFINING METHANOL PRODUCTION REACTIONS AS LHHW TYPE
	SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON SELECTIVITY
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 7.1 (GAS-PHASEOXIDATION OF CHLOROFORM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 7.2 (FORMATION OF STYRENE FROM ETHYLBENZENE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 7.3 (COMBUSTION OF METHANE OVER STEAM-AGEDPT–PD CATALYST)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 7.4 (LHHW KINETICS OF NO OXIDATION OVER CO3O4 CATALYST)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 7.5 (LHHW KINETICS OF LIMONENE PEROXIDATION OVER PW-AMBERLITECATALYST)
CHAPTER 8 PRESSURE DROP, FRICTION FACTOR, NPSHA, AND CAVITATION
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	THE PROPERTY METHOD: “STEAMNBS”
	A WATER PUMPING FLOWSHEET
	ENTERING PIPE, PUMP, AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONS
	RESULTS: FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP, THE PUMP WORK, VALVE CHOKING, AND ANPSH VERSUS RNPSH
	EXERCISE 8.1
	MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: SENSITIVITY FOR THE ONSET OF CAVITATION OR VALVE CHOKING CONDITION
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 8.1 (PENTANE TRANSPORT)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 8.2 (GLYCEROL TRANSPORT)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 8.3 (AIR COMPRESSION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 8.4 (LPG COMPRESSION AND STORAGE)
	HOME/CLASS WORK 8.5 (N2 COMPRESSOR OUTLET PRESSURE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 8.6 (WATER–PROPANOL PUMP)
CHAPTER 9 THE OPTIMIZATION TOOL
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: DEFINING THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
	THE PROPERTY METHOD: “STEAMNBS”
	A FLOWSHEET FOR WATER TRANSPORT
	ENTERING STREAM, PUMP, AND PIPE SPECIFICATIONS
	MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: THE OPTIMIZATION TOOL
	MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: THE SENSITIVITY TOOL
	LAST COMMENTS
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.1 (SWAMEE–JAIN EQUATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.2 (A SIMPLIFIED PIPE DIAMETER OPTIMIZATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.3 (THE OPTIMUM DIAMETER FOR A VISCOUS FLOW)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.4 (THE SELECTIVITY OF PARALLEL REACTIONS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.5 (THE INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE OF A TWO-STAGE COMPRESSOR)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 9.6 (THE INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE OF A THREE-STAGE COMPRESSOR)
CHAPTER 10 HEAT EXCHANGER (H.E.) DESIGN
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGER MODELS IN ASPEN PLUS®
	THE SIMPLE HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL (“HEATER”)
	THE RIGOROUS HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL (“HEATX”)
	THE RIGOROUS EXCHANGER DESIGN AND RATING PROCEDURE
		The Edr Exchanger Feasibility Panel
		The Rigorous Mode within the “Heatx” Block
	GENERAL FOOTNOTES ON EDR EXCHANGER
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.1 (HEAT EXCHANGER WITH PHASE CHANGE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.2 (HIGH HEAT DUTY HEAT EXCHANGER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.3 (DESIGN SPEC HEAT EXCHANGER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.4 (AIR-FINNED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COCONUT OIL FATTY ACIDS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.5 (WATER-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COCONUT OIL FATTY ACIDS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.6 (OPTIMUM COMPOSITION FOR GLYCEROL–WATER SYSTEM)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 10.7 (A SIMPLE WATER HEATER SYSTEM)
CHAPTER 11 ELECTROLYTES
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: WATER DE-SOURING
	WHAT IS AN ELECTROLYTE?
	THE PROPERTY METHOD FOR ELECTROLYTES
	THE ELECTROLYTE WIZARD
	WATER DE-SOURING PROCESS FLOWSHEET
	ENTERING THE SPECIFICATIONS OF FEED STREAMS AND THE STRIPPER
	THE SYMMETRIC REFERENCE STATE FOR IONIC COMPONENTS
	APPENDIX: DEVELOPMENT OF “ELECNRTL” MODEL
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.1 (AN ACIDIC SLUDGE NEUTRALIZATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.2 (CO2 REMOVAL FROM NATURAL GAS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.3 (PH OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SALTS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.4 (PH CURVE FOR A STRONG ACID-STRONG BASE TITRATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.5 (PH CURVE FOR A WEAK ACID–STRONG BASE TITRATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.6 (PH CURVE FOR A STRONG ACID–WEAK BASE TITRATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 11.7 (NACL AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY)
CHAPTER 12 POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES
	THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
		Polymerization Reactions
	CATALYST TYPES
		Ethylene Process Types
		Reaction Kinetic Scheme
		Reaction Steps
		Catalyst States
	HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLUTION PROCESS
		Problem Definition
		Process Conditions
	CREATING ASPEN PLUS® FLOWSHEET FOR HDPE
	IMPROVING CONVERGENCE
	PRESENTING THE PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMER
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.1 MAXIMIZING THE DEGREE OF HDPE POLYMERIZATION
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.2 STYRENE ACRYLO-NITRILE (SAN) POLYMERIZATION
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.3 DEGREE OF HDPE POLYMERIZATION WITH RECYCLING
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.4 SOLUBILIZATION OF HDPE IN BENZENE–TOLUENE–HEXANE SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.5 SOLUBILIZATION OF HDPE AND PP IN BENZENE–TOLUENE–HEXANE SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.6 SOLUBILIZATION OF HDPE + PP+PVC IN BENZENE–TOLUENE–HEXANE–ETHANOL SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 12.7 MAXIMIZATION OF MWN OF PP SYNTHESIS
	REFERENCES
	APPENDIX A THE MAIN FEATURES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ASPEN PLUS® CHAIN POLYMERIZATION MODEL
		Polymerization Mechanism
		Copolymerization Mechanism
		Rate Expressions
		Rate Constants
		Catalyst Pre-Activation
		Catalyst Site Activation
		Site Activation Reactions
		Chain Initiation
		Propagation
		Chain Transfer to Small Molecules
		Chain Transfer to Monomer
		Site Deactivation
		Site Inhibition
		Cocatalyst Poisoning
		Terminal Double-Bond Polymerization
		Phase Equilibria
		Rate Calculations
		Calculated Polymer Properties
	APPENDIX B THE NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MWN) AND WEIGHT AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MWW)
CHAPTER 13 CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUG-LIKE MOLECULES AND THEIR SOLUBILITY
	INTRODUCTION
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	CREATING ASPEN PLUS® (AP) PHARMACEUTICAL TEMPLATE
		Entering the User-Defined Benzamide (BNZMD-UD) as Conventional
		Specifying Properties to Estimate
	DEFINING MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF BNZMD-UD
	ENTERING PROPERTY DATA
	CONTRASTING AP DATABANK (BNZMD-DB) VERSUS BNZMD-UD
	SOLUBILITY OF DRUGS IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
	FINAL NOTES ON DRUG SOLUBILITY
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 13.1 (VANILLIN)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 13.2 (IBUPROFEN)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 13.3 OPTIMUM FORMULATION FOR IBUPROFEN SOLUBILITY IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 13.4 OPTIMUM FORMULATION FOR KETOPROFEN SOLUBILITY IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 13.5 OPTIMUM FORMULATION FOR NAPROXEN SOLUBILITY IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
CHAPTER 14 SOLIDS HANDLING
	INTRODUCTION
	CREATING ASPEN PLUS® FLOWSHEET
		Entering Components Information
		Adding the Flowsheet Objects
		Defining the Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
		Calculation of the Outlet PSD
	EXERCISE 14.1 (DETERMINE CRUSHER OUTLET PSD FROM COMMINUTION POWER)
	EXERCISE 14.2 (SPECIFYING CRUSHER OUTLET PSD)
	CREATING ASPEN PLUS® FLOWSHEET
		Entering Components Information
		Adding the Flowsheet Objects
		Entering Input Data
		Results
	EXERCISE 14.3 (RE-CONVERGINGTHE SOLUTION FOR AN INPUT CHANGE)
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 14.1 (KCL DRYING)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 14.2 (KCL CRYSTALLIZATION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 14.3 (TPA CRYSTALLIZATION AND AIR DRYING)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 14.4 (AGGLOMERATION OF CASO4 AND CACO3 USING LYSINE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 14.5 (ALUMINA TRANSFORMATION WITH RECYCLING)
	SOLIDS UNIT OPERATIONS
		Unit Operation Solids Models
		Solids Separators Models
		Solids Handling Models
	SOLIDS CLASSIFICATION
	PREDEFINED STREAM CLASSIFICATION
	SUB-STREAM CLASSES
	PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (PSD)
	FLUIDIZED BEDS
CHAPTER 15 ASPEN PLUS® DYNAMICS
	INTRODUCTION
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	PREPARING ASPEN PLUS® SIMULATION FOR ASPEN PLUS® DYNAMICS (APD)
	CONVERSION OF ASPEN PLUS® STEADY STATE INTO DYNAMIC SIMULATION
	MODES OF DYNAMIC CSTR HEAT TRANSFER
	CREATING THE PRESSURE-DRIVEN DYNAMIC FILES FOR APD
	OPENING A DYNAMIC FILE USING APD
	THE “SIMULATION MESSAGES” WINDOW
	THE RUNNING MODE: INITIALIZATION
	ADDING TEMPERATURE CONTROL (TC)
	SNAPSHOTS MANAGEMENT FOR CAPTURED SUCCESSFUL OLD RUNS
	THE CONTROLLER FACEPLATE
	COMMUNICATION TIME FOR UPDATING/PRESENTING RESULTS
	THE CLOSED-LOOP AUTO-TUNE VARIATION (ATV) TEST VERSUS OPEN-LOOP TUNE-UP TEST
	THE OPEN-LOOP (MANUAL MODE) TUNE-UP FOR LIQUID-LEVEL CONTROLLER
	THE CLOSED-LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE FOR LIQUID-LEVEL LOAD DISTURBANCE
	THE CLOSED-LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE FOR LIQUID-LEVEL SET-POINT DISTURBANCE
	ACCOUNTING FOR DEAD/LAG TIME IN PROCESS DYNAMICS
	THE CLOSED-LOOP (AUTO MODE) ATV TEST FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER (TC)
	THE CLOSED-LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE: “TC” RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE LOAD DISTURBANCE
	INTERACTIONS BETWEEN “LC” AND “TC” CONTROL UNIT
	THE STABILITY OF A PROCESS WITHOUT CONTROL
	THE CASCADE CONTROL
	MONITORING OF VARIABLES AS FUNCTIONS OF TIME
	FINAL NOTES ON THE VIRTUAL (DRY) PROCESS CONTROL IN APD
	REFERENCES
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.1 (A CASCADE CONTROL OF A SIMPLE WATER HEATER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.2 (A CSTR CONTROL WITH “LMTD” HEAT TRANSFER OPTION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.3 (A PFR CONTROL FOR ETHYL-BENZENE PRODUCTION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.4 (A PFR CONTROL FOR ETHYLBENZENE PRODUCTION WITH COOLING WATER)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.5 (WATER HEATING TANK WITH NEGLIGIBLE THERMAL INERTIA)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 15.6 (WATER HEATING TANK WITH WEIGHTY THERMAL INERTIA)
CHAPTER 16 SAFETY AND ENERGY ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
	INTRODUCTION
	PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
	ADDING A PRESSURE SAFETY VALVE (PSV)
	ADDING A RUPTURE DISK (RD)
	PRESSURE RELIEF
	PREPARATION OF FLOWSHEET FOR “ENERGY ANALYSIS” ENVIRONMENT
	THE “ENERGY ANALYSIS” ACTIVATION
	ASPEN ENERGY ANALYZER
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.1 (ACETONE–WATER SYSTEM: ADDING A STORAGE TANK PROTECTION)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.2 (ACETONE–WATER SYSTEM: ENERGY ANALYSIS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.3 (SEPARATION OF C2/C3/C4 HYDROCARBON MIXTURE: SAFETY AND ENERGY ANALYSIS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.4 (SEPARATION OF BENZENE, TOLUENE, AND ETHYLBENZENE MIXTURE: SAFETY AND ENERGY ANALYSIS)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.5 (CO2, C2, AND C3 GAS HEATER: PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 16.6 (CO2, C2, AND C3 GAS HEATER: ENERGY ANALYSIS)
CHAPTER 17 ASPEN PROCESS ECONOMIC ANALYZER (APEA)
	OPTIMIZED PROCESS FLOWSHEET FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION
	COSTING OPTIONS IN ASPEN PLUS®
	ASPEN PROCESS ECONOMIC ANALYZER (APEA) ESTIMATION TEMPLATE
	FEED AND PRODUCT STREAM PRICES
		Utility Association with a Flowsheet Block
	THE FIRST ROUTE FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS COSTING
	THE SECOND ROUND FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS COSTING
		Project Properties
		Loading Simulator Data
		Mapping and Sizing
		Project Evaluation
		Fixing Geometrical Design-Related Errors
		Executive Summary
		Capital Costs Report
		Investment Analysis
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 17.1 (FEED/PRODUCT UNIT PRICE EFFECT ON PROCESS PROFITABILITY)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 17.2 (USING EUROPEAN ECONOMIC TEMPLATE)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 17.3 (PROCESS PROFITABILITY OF ACETONE RECOVERY FROM SPENT SOLVENT)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 17.4 (PROCESS PROFITABILITY OF ACETONE RECOVERY FROM SPENT SOLVENT WITH RECYCLING)
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 17.5 (PROCESS PROFITABILITY OF ACETONER ECOVERY FROM SPENT SOLVENT USING KETONE WITH RECYCLING)
	APPENDIX
	NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) FOR A CHEMICAL PLANT
	DISCOUNTED PAYOUT (PAYBACK) PERIOD (DPP)
	EXAMPLE 17.1 (UNIFORM CASH FLOW)
	EXAMPLE 17.2 (NONUNIFORM CASH FLOW)
	PROFITABILITY INDEX
	EXAMPLE 17.3
	INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
	MODIFIED INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (MIRR)
	EXAMPLE 17.4
CHAPTER 18 TERM PROJECTS (TP) WITH ADVANCED AP FEATURES
	A GENERAL NOTE ON OIL-WATER SYSTEMS
	TP #1: PRODUCTION OF ACETONE VIA THE DEHYDRATION OF ISOPROPANOL
	TP #2: PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM METHANOL (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS)
	TP #3: PRODUCTION OF DIMETHYL ETHER (PROCESS ECONOMICS AND CONTROL)
	PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
	TP #4: PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID VIA PARTIAL OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE GAS
	TP #5: PYROLYSIS OF BENZENE
	TP #6: REUSE OF SPENT SOLVENTS
	TP #7: SOLIDS HANDLING: PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SULFATE FROM SODIUM SULFATE
	TP #8: SOLIDS HANDLING: PRODUCTION OF CACO3-BASED AGGLOMERATE AS A GENERAL ADDITIVE
	TP #9: SOLIDS HANDLING: FORMULATION OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM NITRATE BLEND FERTILIZER
	TP #10: “FLOWSHEETING OPTIONS” | “CALCULATOR”: GAS DE-SOURING AND SWEETENING PROCESS
	TP #11: USING MORE THAN ONE PROPERTY METHOD AND STREAM CLASS: SOLID-CATALYZED DIRECT HYDRATION OF PROPYLENE TO ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (IPA)
	TP #12: POLYMERIZATION: PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVAC)
	TP #13: POLYMERIZATION: EMULSION COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE AND BUTADIENE TO PRODUCE SBR
	TP #14: POLYMERIZATION: FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE TO PRODUCE POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE)
	TP #15: LHHW KINETICS: PRODUCTION OF CYCLOHEXANONE-OXIME (CYCHXOXM) VIA CYCLOHEXANONE AMMOXIMATION USING CLAY-BASED TITANIUM SILICALITE (TS) CATALYST
	TP #16: ACRYLIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM PROPYLENE OXIDATION
	TP #17: AMMONIA PRODUCTION AT RELATIVELY LOW PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
	TP #18: ACROLEIN PRODUCTION FROM PROPYLENE OXIDATION
CHAPTER 19 ASPEN CUSTOM MODELER (ACM)
	INTRODUCTION
	SETUP PROPERTIES
		Start from Aspen Properties
		Start from Aspen Plus®
	STARTING ACM
	ACM TERMINOLOGY
		Variables
		Parameters
		Ports
		Blocks
		Connections
		Streams
		Procedures
	MODEL CREATION
	CREATION OF VARIABLES AND EQUATIONS
		Specifications for Variables
	COMPILE AND TEST THE MODEL
	BUILDING A FLOWSHEET
	OPEN SYSTEM: ADD THE COMPONENT MOLE BALANCE
	ADD THE ENERGY BALANCE
	ADD PORTS
	MIXING RULE FOR PORTS/STREAMS
	HANDLING SIMULATION DIVERGENCE PROBLEMS
	RUNNING ACM MODELS UNDER ASPEN PLUS® (AP) PLATFORM
		Equivalencing
		Solvers and Decomposition
		Using Compatible Port Types
		Specifying Export Model Properties
		Create a Default Icon for ACM Model
		Package Model for Aspen Plus®/HYSYS
		ACM Model Management
		Making Use of ACM Model in AP
	MASS TRANSFER-CONTROLLED EVAPORATION RATE
	PROCESS DYNAMICS MODEL
	ADDING A PLOT FORM
	SCRIPTS AND TASKS
		Create a Flowsheet Script from Variable Find
		Create a Flowsheet Task
	OPTIMIZATION
		Creating the Dynamic Optimization Inputs
		Creating a Task to Implement the Optimal Profiles
		Creating Different Constraints
	DYNAMIC/STEADY ESTIMATION
		Creating the Dynamic/Static Estimation Inputs
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 19.1 FLASH DRUM FOR EG, TEG, AND WATER
	HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK 19.2 DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION FOR NON-ISOTHERMAL CSTR
	REFERENCES
INDEX
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