Aspects of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Southern Ocean (Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries)

Table of Contents......Page 7
Abstract......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Abbreviations......Page 15
Tables, Graphs and Maps......Page 17
PART 1: The Problem of IUU Fishing......Page 18
Introduction......Page 19
1.1 The Physical and legal State of Marine Fisheries......Page 21
1.2 Understanding IUU Fishing......Page 25
1.3 Global Attention on the problem of IUU fishing......Page 29
1.4 Gaining Momentum in the International Response to IUU Fishing......Page 30
1.5 IUU Fishing as a global problem......Page 35
1.6 The Experience of IUU Fishing in the Southern Ocean......Page 37
1.7 Why IUU Fishing Developed and Persists......Page 41
1.8 Conclusion......Page 43
PART 2: Factors Contributing to the Development and Persistence of IUU Fishing......Page 44
Introduction......Page 45
2.1 Legal Factors influencing the Development and Practice of High Seas Fisheries and the Emergence of IUU Fishing......Page 48
2.2 The Development of the Freedom of the High Seas......Page 49
3.1 Introduction......Page 78
3.2 Low Risk of Apprehension v. High Economic Returns......Page 79
3.3 Capital Investment and Increases in Technology......Page 80
3.4 The over-exploitation of Living Resources......Page 82
3.5 Excess Fleet Capacity......Page 83
3.6 Subsidies......Page 85
3.7 Extension of Coastal State Sovereignty......Page 87
3.8 The Entry of Corporate Criminals into IUU Fishing......Page 89
3.9 Summary of Non-legal Factors contributing to IUU Fishing......Page 91
3.10 Conclusion......Page 92
PART 3: International Measures......Page 93
Introduction......Page 94
4.1 The Code of Conduct......Page 96
4.2 The FAO Compliance Agreement......Page 97
4.3 The UN Fish Stocks Agreement......Page 104
4.4 Port State Controls......Page 106
4.5 The Application of the Compliance Agreement and UN Fish Stocks Agreement......Page 108
4.6 IPOA-IUU......Page 110
4.7 Recent International Meetings addressing IUU Fishing......Page 116
4.8 The State of International Treaty and Customary Law......Page 117
4.9 Conclusion......Page 127
Annex A to Chapter 4......Page 128
PART 4: Regional Measures: CCAMLR......Page 131
Introduction......Page 132
5.1 An Introduction to the CCAMLR structure......Page 134
5.2 Maritime zones in the Southern Ocean......Page 136
5.3 Formulating and Adopting conservation measures......Page 149
5.4 Status of CCAMLR as a Regional fisheries management organisation......Page 151
5.5 Previous tests to CCAMLR Authority......Page 159
5.6 The development of the Patagonian Toothfish Fishery......Page 161
Annex A to Chapter 5......Page 167
6.2 CCAMLR Catch Documentation Scheme......Page 169
6.3 CCAMLR IUU Vessel Lists......Page 182
6.5 CCAMLR Resolutions......Page 187
6.6 Conclusion......Page 189
PART 5: National Measures: Australia......Page 191
7.1 The Heard and McDonald Islands' Australian Fishing Zone......Page 193
7.2 The Management of Commonwealth Fisheries......Page 195
7.3 The Arrival of the IUU Fishing Fleet......Page 198
8.2 Australia's Surveillance and Enforcement Policy......Page 200
8.3 Giving Effect to International Instruments and Norms......Page 205
8.4 Review of Fisheries Legislation......Page 209
8.5 Further legislative responses......Page 223
8.6 Port controls......Page 227
8.8 Publication of arrests......Page 228
8.9 Cooperation between States......Page 231
8.10 Bilateral Hot pursuits......Page 235
8.11 Diplomatic Action (and sharing resources)......Page 239
8.12 Control of nationals and flag vessels......Page 240
8.13 Records of fishing vessels......Page 241
8.14 Conclusion......Page 244
PART 6: Conclusion......Page 246
Introduction......Page 247
9.1 Port State Controls......Page 248
9.2 Market State Controls......Page 254
9.3 Regional cooperation......Page 257
9.4 Conclusion......Page 259
Treaties, Agreements and Declarations......Page 260
Legislation......Page 261
List of Cases......Page 262
Bibliography......Page 264
F......Page 285
N......Page 286
S......Page 287
V......Page 288