Aspartic Proteinases: Structure, Function, Biology, and Biomedical Implications

Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi
Comparison of the Active Site Specificity of the Aspartic Proteinases Based on a Systematic Series of Peptide Substrates....Pages 1-9
The Molecular Structure of Human Progastricsin and its Comparison with that of Porcine Pepsinogen....Pages 11-18
A New Way of Looking at Aspartic Proteinase Structures: A Comparison of Pepsin Structure to other Aspartic Proteinases in the Near Active Site Region....Pages 19-32
Rearranging Pepsinogen and Pepsin by Protein Engineering....Pages 33-40
Comparative Investigations on Pig Gastric Proteases and Their Zymogens....Pages 41-51
Non-Mammalian Vertebrate Pepsinogens and Pepsins: Isolation and Characterization....Pages 53-65
Transcription Regulation of Human and Porcine Pepsinogen A....Pages 67-75
A Comparative Study on Amino Acid Sequences of Three Major Isoforms of Human Pepsin A....Pages 77-81
Molecular Mass Determination by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Human Pepsins, Gastricsin, and Porcine Pepsin A Variants....Pages 83-89
Evidence for Electrostatic Interactions in the S 2 Subsite of Porcine Pepsin....Pages 91-94
Protein Engineering of Surface Loops: Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of the Chy155–165rhi Mutant....Pages 95-99
Seminal Progastricsin....Pages 101-105
Effects of Hydrocortisone on the Pepsinogen-Producing Cells in Rat Stomach Mucosa....Pages 107-113
Effects of Omeprazole, a Proton Pump Inhibitor, on Pepsinogen-Producing Cells, with Special Reference to Neonatal Development....Pages 115-123
Transcription of Embryonic Chick Pepsinogen Gene is Affected by Mesenchymal Signals through its 5′-Flanking Region....Pages 125-129
Serum Pepsinogen Values as Possible Markers for Evaluating the Possibility of Peptic Ulcer Recurrence under H 2 -Blocker Half-Dose Maintenance Therapy....Pages 131-137
The Clinical Application of the Serum Pepsinogen I And II Levels as a Mass Screening Method for Gastric Cancer....Pages 139-143
A Minute Gastric Cancer Detected by a New Screening Method Using Serum Pepsinogen I and II....Pages 145-148
Two Cases of Early Colorectal Cancer Associated with Gastric Adenoma Detected by Serum Pepsinogen Screening Method....Pages 149-154
Comparisons of the Three-Dimensional Structures, Specificities and Glycosylation of Renins, Yeast Proteinase A and Cathepsin D....Pages 155-166
Discovery of Inhibitors of Human Renin with High Oral Bioavailability....Pages 167-180
Structure of Human Cathepsin D: Comparison of Inhibitor Binding and Subdomain Displacement with other Aspartic Proteases....Pages 181-192
Cathepsin D Crystal Structures and Lysosomal Sorting....Pages 193-200
Isolation and Characterization of Human Gastric Procathepsin E and Cathepsin E....Pages 201-210
Isolation, Characterization, and Structure of Procathepsin E and Cathepsin E from the Gastric Mucosa of Guinea Pig....Pages 211-221
Cathepsin E and Cathepsin D: Biosynthesis, Processing and Subcellular Location....Pages 223-229
Glycoproteins of the Aspartyl Proteinase Gene Family Secreted by the Developing Placenta....Pages 231-240
Structure and Possible Function of Aspartic Proteinases in Barley and other Plants....Pages 241-254
Aspartic Proteinases (Cyprosins) from Cynara Cardunculus Spp. Flavescens Cv. Cardoon; Purification, Characterisation, and Tissue-Specific Expression....Pages 255-266
Acid-Activation of Rat Prorenin following Non-Proteolytic Alteration....Pages 267-272
Human Procathepsin D: Three-Dimensional Model and Isolation....Pages 273-278
Identification of Five Molecular forms of Cathepsin D in Bovine Milk....Pages 279-283
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a Disulfide Bridge in Cathepsin D: Expression, Activation, Purification, and Characterization....Pages 285-287
Expression of Rat Cathepsin D cDNA in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae : Intracellular Sorting of Cathepsin D to Yeast Vacuole....Pages 289-292
Molecular Cloning and Immunocytochemical Localization of Jasmonic Acid Inducible Cathepsin D Inhibitors from Potato....Pages 293-298
Purification and Characterization of an Acid Proteinase from Dirofilaria Immitis Worms....Pages 299-304
Inhibition and Entrapment of Aspartic Proteinases by α 2 -Macroglobulin....Pages 305-313
Recombinant Human Cathepsin E....Pages 315-318
Expression of Human Cathepsin E in Methylotrophic Yeast, Pichia Pastoris ....Pages 319-324
Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Cathepsin E....Pages 325-330
Comparison of Biochemical Properties of Natural and Recombinant Cathepsin E....Pages 331-334
Increased Expression and Specific Localization of Cathepsins E and D in Vulnerable Brain Regions of Aged and Postischemic Rats....Pages 335-339
Characterization of Cathepsins E and D Accumulated at Early Stages of Neuronal Damage in Hippocampal Neurons of Rats....Pages 341-343
Functional Aspects of Cathepsin E: Is it an Embryonic or Fetal Type of Aspartic Proteinase?....Pages 345-348
Tissue- and Cell-Specific Control of Guinea Pig Cathepsin E Gene Expression....Pages 349-355
Cathepsin E is Expressed in Fetal Rat Glandular Stomach Epithelial Cells in Primary Culture in the Absence of Mesenchymes....Pages 357-361
Cathepsin E Expressed in Pancreatic Cancer....Pages 363-366
Plant Aspartic Proteinases from Cynara Cardunculus Spp. Flavescens Cv. Cardoon; Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA Encoding Cyprosin and its Organ-Specific Expression....Pages 367-372
Cardosin A and B, Aspartic Proteases from the Flowers of Cardoon....Pages 373-377
Mechanism of Autoprocessing of a Mini-Precursor of the Aspartic Protease of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1....Pages 379-386
Mutants of HIV-1 Protease with Enhanced Stability to Autodegradation....Pages 387-398
Identification of Amino Acid Residues of the Retroviral Aspartic Proteinases Important for Substrate Specificity and Catalytic Efficiency....Pages 399-406
Inhibitor-Resistant Mutants of the HIV-1 Aspartic Protease....Pages 407-411
Design and Synthesis of HIV Protease Inhibitors Containing Allophenylnorstatine as a Transition-State Mimic....Pages 413-423
Breaking the Shackles of the Genetic Code: Engineering Retroviral Proteases Through Total Chemical Synthesis....Pages 425-438
X-Ray Structure of a Tethered Dimer for HIV-1 Protease....Pages 439-444
Structure of HIV-1 Protease with KNI-272: A Transition State mimetic Inhibitor Containing Allophenylnorstatine....Pages 445-449
Molecular Dynamics of HIV-1 Protease in Complex with a Difluoroketone-Containing Inhibitor: Implications for the Catalytic Mechanism....Pages 451-454
Activated Dynamics of Flap Opening in Hiv-1 Protease....Pages 455-460
Computer Simulation and Analysis of the Reaction Pathway for the Decomposition of the Hydrated Peptide Bond in Aspartic Proteases....Pages 461-465
Activities of Precursor and Tethered Dimer Forms of HIV Proteinase....Pages 467-472
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of HIV-1 Protease: Generation of Mutant Proteases with Increased Stability to Autodigestion....Pages 473-477
Molecular Modeling of the Structure of FIV Protease....Pages 479-484
Processing, Purification, and Kinetic Characterization of the Gag-Pol Encoded Retroviral Proteinase of Myeloblastosis Associated Virus Expressed in E. Coli ....Pages 485-488
Extracellular Aspartic Proteinases from Candida Yeasts....Pages 489-500
Tyrosine 75 on the Flap Contributes to Enhance Catalytic Efficiency of a Fungal Aspartic Proteinase, Mucor Pusillus Pepsin....Pages 501-509
Aspartic Proteinases from the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum ....Pages 511-518
Yeast and Mammalian Basic Residue-Specific Aspartic Proteases in Prohormone Conversion....Pages 519-527
Pepstatin-Insensitive Carboxyl Proteinases....Pages 529-542
The Three-Dimensional X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Aspartic Proteinase Native to Trichoderma Reesei Complexed with a Renin Inhibitor CP-80794....Pages 543-547
A Quantum Mechanical Model of the Hydration and Acidity of the Active Site in Aspartic Proteases....Pages 549-554
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Rhizopuspepsin: An Analysis of Unique Specificity....Pages 555-558
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Revealed Role of Subsite Residues of Mucor Pusillus Pepsin in Catalytic Function....Pages 559-563
A Novel Intracellular Acid Proteinase from the Plasmodia of a True Slime Mold, Physarum Polycephalum ....Pages 565-568
Characteristics of YAP3, a New Prohormone Processing Aspartic Protease from S. Cerevisiae ....Pages 569-572
 Candida Albicans Aspartic Proteinase: cDNA Cloning and Comparison among Strains....Pages 573-576
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Gene Encoding an Aspartic Proteinase from Aspergillus Oryzae ....Pages 577-580
 Aspergillus Niger Var. Macrosporus Proteinase B. cDNA Cloning, Expression, and Activation of the Proenzyme....Pages 581-587
Expression and Secretion of Recombinant Aspartic Proteinases by Bacillus Brevis ....Pages 589-596
Expression in E.Coli of Aspergillus Niger Var. Macrosporus Proteinase A, a Non-Pepsin Type Acid Proteinase....Pages 597-603
X-Ray Crystallographic Study of a Non-Pepsin-Type Acid Proteinase, Aspergillus Niger Proteinase A....Pages 605-609
Conformation Analysis of Non-Pepsin-Type Acid Proteinase a from the Fungus Aspergillus Niger by NMR....Pages 611-615
Back Matter....Pages 617-629