ASM Handbook: Corrosion : Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection

Volume 13a, Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection......Page 1
Publication Information and Contributors......Page 2
Introduction to the Fundamentals of Corrosion......Page 18
Introduction to Fundamentals of Corrosion Thermodynamics......Page 22
Electrode Processes......Page 24
Electrode Potentials......Page 28
Potential Measurements with Reference Electrodes......Page 40
Potential versus pH (Pourbaix) Diagrams......Page 50
Molten Salt Corrosion Thermodynamics......Page 86
Geochemical Modeling......Page 93
Kinetics of Aqueous Corrosion......Page 117
Aqueous Corrosion Reaction Mechanisms......Page 141
Passivity......Page 163
Methods for Determining Aqueous Corrosion Reaction Rates......Page 185
Introduction to Fundamentals of Corrosion in Gases......Page 236
Thermodynamics of Gaseous Corrosion......Page 243
Kinetics of Gaseous Corrosion Processes......Page 261
Gaseous Corrosion Mechanisms......Page 282
Methods for Measuring Gaseous Corrosion Rates......Page 302
Corrosion by Molten Salts......Page 307
Corrosion by Molten Nitrates, Nitrites, and Fluorides......Page 325
Corrosion by Liquid Metals......Page 338
Introduction to Corrosion for Constructive Purposes......Page 351
Electropolishing......Page 359
Electrochemical Machining......Page 369
Electrochemical Allied Processes......Page 396
Electrochemical Hybrid Processes......Page 404
Electrochemical Refining......Page 411
Anodes for Batteries......Page 420
Fuel Cells......Page 452
Introduction to Forms of Corrosion......Page 474
Aqueous Corrosion......Page 477
Atmospheric Corrosion......Page 494
Galvanic Corrosion......Page 530
Stray-Current Corrosion......Page 540
Molten Salt Corrosion......Page 545
Liquid Metal Corrosion......Page 554
High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion......Page 572
Pitting Corrosion......Page 590
Crevice Corrosion......Page 606
Filiform Corrosion......Page 624
Introduction to Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion......Page 643
Effects of Metallurgical Variables on Aqueous Corrosion......Page 644
Effects of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of Stainless Steels......Page 661
Effects of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys......Page 683
Effects of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of High-Nickel Alloys......Page 693
Effects of Metallurgical Variables on Dealloying Corrosion......Page 712
Corrosion of Carbon Steel Weldments......Page 733
Corrosion of Stainless Steel Weldments......Page 750
Corrosion of Nonferrous Alloy Weldments......Page 796
Forms of Mechanically Assisted Degradation......Page 811
Aqueous Corrosion-Wear Interactions......Page 839
Gaseous Corrosion-Wear Interactions......Page 858
Introduction to Environmentally Induced Cracking......Page 878
Stress-Corrosion Cracking......Page 879
Liquid Metal Induced Embrittlement......Page 937
Solid Metal Induced Embrittlement......Page 1010
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion......Page 1022
Introduction to Corrosion Testing and Evaluation......Page 1075
Designing, Planning, and Preparing Corrosion Tests......Page 1078
Statistical Interpretation of Corrosion Test Results......Page 1088
Modeling Corrosion Processes......Page 1103
Electrochemical Methods of Corrosion Testing......Page 1143
Cabinet Testing......Page 1205
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Testing......Page 1225
Simulated Service Testing in the Atmosphere......Page 1247
Simulated Service Testing in Water......Page 1273
Simulated Service Testing in Soil......Page 1279
In-Service Techniques—Damage Detection and Monitoring......Page 1291
Electrochemical Techniques for In-Service Corrosion Monitoring......Page 1313
Corrosion Monitoring Techniques......Page 1325
Monitoring of Localized Corrosion......Page 1338
Infrared Imaging for Corrosion, Disbondments, and Cracks......Page 1354
Corrosion Monitoring Using Microwave and Guided Wave Nondestructive Evaluation......Page 1363
Corrosion Monitoring for Industrial Processes......Page 1370
Evaluating Uniform Corrosion......Page 1394
Evaluating Pitting Corrosion......Page 1401
Evaluating Crevice Corrosion......Page 1409
Evaluating Galvanic Corrosion......Page 1444
Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion......Page 1459
Evaluating Exfoliation Corrosion......Page 1469
Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking......Page 1478
Evaluating Hydrogen Embrittlement......Page 1586
Evaluating Corrosion Fatigue......Page 1608
Evaluating Erosion Corrosion, Cavitation, and Impingement......Page 1663
Evaluating Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion......Page 1677
High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion Testing......Page 1693
Introduction to Methods of Corrosion Protection......Page 1777
Introduction to Corrosion Resistance of Bulk Materials......Page 1779
Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloys......Page 1783
Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloys......Page 1789
Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Nickel Alloys......Page 1800
Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys......Page 1811
Phosphate Conversion Coatings......Page 1837
Chromate and Chromate-Free Conversion Coatings......Page 1856
Aluminum Anodizing......Page 1897
Surface Modification Using Energy Beams......Page 1910
Porcelain Enamels......Page 1935
Chemical-Setting Ceramic Linings......Page 1945
CVD and PVD Coatings......Page 1953
Pack Cementation Coatings......Page 1962
Electroplated Coatings......Page 1985
Continuous Hot Dip Coatings......Page 2020
Batch Process Hot Dip Galvanizing......Page 2039
Thermal Spray Coatings......Page 2062
Introduction to Coatings and Linings......Page 2088
Organic Coatings and Linings......Page 2094
Zinc-Rich Coatings......Page 2128
Paint Systems......Page 2135
Rubber Coatings and Linings......Page 2151
Anodic Protection......Page 2169
Cathodic Protection......Page 2182
Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors......Page 2224
Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Production......Page 2250
Corrosion Inhibitors for Crude Oil Refineries......Page 2275
Corrosion Inhibitors in the Water Treatment Industry......Page 2283
Materials Selection for Corrosion Control......Page 2318
Designing to Minimize Corrosion......Page 2370
Corrosion Economic Calculations......Page 2398
Predictive Modeling of Structure Service Life......Page 2412
Direct Costs of Corrosion in the United States......Page 2442
Introduction to Tools for the Corrosionist......Page 2464
Statistics for the Corrosionist......Page 2466
Materials Basics for the Corrosionist......Page 2485
Applications of Modern Analytical Instruments in Corrosion......Page 2510
Information Sources and Databases for the Corrosionist......Page 2527
Conventions and Definitions in Corrosion and Oxidation......Page 2533
Glossary of Terms......Page 2550
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 2591