Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation: 15th Italian Workshop, WIVACE 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland, September 15–17, 2021, Revised Selected Papers

Preface
In Memoriam
Organization
Contents
Networks
Dynamical Criticality in Growing Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 RBN
	3 Evolution
	4 Results
	5 Results
	References
Effective Resistance Based Weight Thresholding for Community Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Preliminaries
	4 The WomeGAnetMethod
	5 Experimental Evaluation
	6 Conclusions
	References
An Oracle for the Optimization of Underconstrained Compositions of Neural Networks - The Tick Hazard Use Case
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Motivation
		1.2 General Problem and Method Statement: The Oracle
	2 The Tick Hazard Use Case
		2.1 Hazard, Exposure and Risk
		2.2 The Predictive Model
		2.3 The Tick World Oracle
		2.4 Model Evaluation and Optimization
	3 Preliminary Results
		3.1 Oracle Worlds
		3.2 Model Predictions
		3.3 Robustness
	4 Discussion and Outlook
	References
Droplets, Fluids, and Synthetic Biology
Obstacles on the Pathway Towards Chemical Programmability Using Agglomerations of Droplets
	1 Introduction
	2 Setting Up the Experiment
		2.1 Creating Droplets
		2.2 Surface Functionalization and Self-assembly Process
		2.3 Taking Pictures
	3 How to Make a Computer ``See'' Droplets
		3.1 Color Filtering
		3.2 Detecting Edges
		3.3 Identifying Objects
	4 How to Analyze Networks of Droplets
		4.1 Analyzing one Network
		4.2 Comparing Networks
	5 How to Understand, Simulate, and Plan the Agglomeration Process
		5.1 Simulating the Agglomeration
		5.2 Planning the Gradual Reaction Scheme
		5.3 Designing the Arrangement of Droplets with Geometric and Physical Restrictions
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Droplet Recognition by a ``Shootout''-Heuristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Image Processing Approach
		2.1 Attempts at Preprocessing to Balance Exposure
		2.2 The Circular Hough Transform
		2.3 The MATLAB Implementation of the Hough Transform
		2.4 Loop over Several Radius-Ranges
	3 From Good to Bad Clusters
		3.1 Failure of Standard Techniques for Image Improvement
		3.2 Sharpening Contours with Laplacian Filtering
		3.3 Failure of More Sophisticated Image Processing Methods
		3.4 The Shootout Method
		3.5 Selecting ``Ugly'' Clusters According to Color Value
		3.6 The Final Shootout
	4 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Exploring the Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Droplets
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulating the Arrangement Process
		2.1 Simulation Techniques for Microfluidic Systems
		2.2 A New Monte Carlo Movement Simulation Approach
	3 Comparing Resulting Configurations
	4 Final Steps Towards a Probabilistic Biochemical Compiler
	References
Geometric Restrictions to the Agglomeration of Spherical Particles
	1 Introduction
	2 The Buttercup Problem
		2.1 Description
		2.2 Analytic Solution
	3 The Kissing Number Problem
		3.1 Description
		3.2 A Heuristic Optimization Algorithm for the Kissing Number Problem
		3.3 Computational Results for the Kissing Number Problem
		3.4 Computational Results for a Bidisperse Kissing Number Problem
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Effectiveness of Dynamic Load Balancing in Parallel Execution of a Subsurface Flow Cellular Automata Model
	1 Introduction
	2 The XCA-Flow Subsurface Flow CA Model
	3 Parallel Execution of XCA-Flow in Distributed Memory Architectures
	4 Load Balancing of XCA-Flow CA Execution
		4.1 The Determination of the Optimal Load Balance
	5 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Two Possible AI-Related Paths for Bottom-Up Synthetic Cell Research
	1 The Growing Interest Toward Synthetic Biology as the Wetware Branch of the ``Sciences of the Artificial''
	2 Possible Directions
	3 Towards SB-AI Research Programs
	References
Robot Systems
A Hybrid Control System Architecture for a Mobile Robot to Provide an Energy-Efficient and Fast Data Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Spherical Mobile Robot
	3 Analogue Electronic Computers
	4 Chaotic Oscillators and Reservoir Computing Framework
	5 The Dynamics of Spherical Robot
	6 The Hybrid Architecture of the Control System
	References
On the Evolution of Mechanisms for Collective Decision Making in a Swarm of Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Robot Controller
		2.2 The Evolutionary Algorithm and the Fitness Function
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Novel Online Adaptation Mechanism in Artificial Systems Provides Phenotypic Plasticity
	1 Introduction
	2 Creation of Novelty in Artificial Systems
	3 The Proposed Mechanism
	4 Proof of Concept
		4.1 Experimental Setting
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Computer Vision and Computational Creativity
Exploration of Genetic Algorithms and CNN for Melanoma Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Using Genetic Algorithms to Optimize a Deep Learning Based System for the Prediction of Cognitive Impairments
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Data Collection
	4 The Proposed System
		4.1 Image Generation
		4.2 Deep Learning Based Classification
		4.3 GA for Task Selection
	5 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Autonomous Inspections of Power Towers with an UAV
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Simulator and the UAV's Model
		2.2 The U-Net and Our Experimental Design
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Self-organizing Maps of Artificial Neural Classifiers - A Brain-Like Pin Factory
	1 Introduction
	2 Self-organizing Maps of Networks: Methods
		2.1 General Framework
		2.2 Implementation for Proof of Principle
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Evolutionary Music: Statistical Learning and Novelty for Automatic Improvisation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Markov Model: Chains and Score
		3.2 Objective Function
		3.3 Encoding
		3.4 Adaptive Novelty Search
	4 Results
		4.1 Irish Songs and Bicinia
		4.2 Experimental Settings
		4.3 Musical Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Semantic Search
ARISE: Artificial Intelligence Semantic Search Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Defining MEF
		3.2 Artificial Neuron Structure
		3.3 MEFNET Learning Process
		3.4 Query Execution
	4 Result and Conclusion
	References
Artificial Medicine and Pharmacy
Influence of the Antigen Pattern Vector on the Dynamics in a Perceptron-Based Artificial Immune - Tumour- Ecosystem During and After Radiation Therapy
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Two-Level Detection of Dynamic Organization in Cancer Evolution Models
	1 Introduction
	2 The Identification Methods
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 The RI Method
		2.3 Merging Groups and Graphs
		2.4 A Note on the Number of Observations
		2.5 Reconstructing the Network of Binary Relationships
	3 Independent Progressions in Cancer Evolution Models
		3.1 The Problem
		3.2 Description of the Test Case
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 The Network of Relationships
		4.3 Identification of Branches and Trees
		4.4 Varying the Number of Observations
	5 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Chemical Neural Network for Drug Discovery Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach
	References
Trade and Finance
Information Flow Simulations in Multi-dimensional and Dynamic Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Network Statistical Model
		2.1 Information Drift Across Multiple Dimension
		2.2 Information Drift Across Time
		2.3 The Dynamic Multi-layer Network (DMLN) Structure
	3 DMLN Analysis of ICT Worldwide Trade 2004–2014
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation of the Ramsey-Pierce-Bowman Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Other Ways of Defining a Hierarchical Order
	3 Computational Results for a Benchmark Instance
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Ethics in Computational Modelling
Ethical Aspects of Computational Modelling in Science, Decision Support and Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 The Process of Modelling
		2.1 Modelling is a Systemic Task
		2.2 Modelling Requires Turning Implicit into Explicit Knowledge
		2.3 Models Can Enable Thinking but May also Set up Limitations
		2.4 Interdisciplinary Work is No Excuse for Diffusion of Responsibility
		2.5 Observables are not Variables
	3 Models in Science
		3.1 Pre- and Post-processing Data
		3.2 Minimal and Complete Models
	4 Models in Decision Support
		4.1 Transdisciplinarity
		4.2 Optimality: Give Options, Not Advice!
		4.3 The Role of Experts
		4.4 Computational Models as Tools for Discussion
	5 Models and Narratives
		5.1 Main Hypothesis on Models, Simulations, Storyworlds and Narratives
		5.2 Questions and Topics Relating to Politics and Operationalisation
		5.3 The Role of the Reader
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Author Index