Artificial Intelligence Perspective for Smart Cities

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Foreword
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: AI perspective for smart cities
	1.1 Introduction
	References
Chapter 2: Conceptual design: Components of smart cities
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Components of smart cities
	2.3 Basic requirements of sustainable smart cities
		2.3.1 Reliability of information and technology
		2.3.2 Technology lifecycle
		2.3.3 Compatibility with existing platform
		2.3.4 Security
	2.4 Smart city design alternatives
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: From digital to sustainable urban systems
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Utilization of smart city (SC) in the architecture of artificially intelligent cities
		3.2.1 The use of artificial intelligence and information computer technology for sustainable development: strengths and opportunities
		3.2.2 Implementation of Big Data in smart city practice: examples for artificially intelligent cities
	3.3 From digital to sustainable: smart city (SC) strategy for urban planning
		3.3.1 The motivation for sustainable SC strategy in the digital age
		3.3.2 Smart city objectives for sustainable urban systems
		3.3.3 The use of SC in urban planning process: pros and cons
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4: GIS-based management
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Geographical information systems and the smart city concept
	4.3 GIS-based smart city applications
	4.4 Artificial intelligence perspective for GIS-based management
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Industry 4.0 for smart cities
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Industry 4.0
	5.3 Smart city
	5.4 Dimensions of smart city
	5.5 Enabling technologies
		5.5.1 Cloud/edge computing
		5.5.2 Artificial intelligence
		5.5.3 Internet of Things
	5.6 Industry 4.0 and smart cities
	5.7 Applications of AI and Industry 4.0 in smart cities
	5.8 Discussion
		5.8.1 Transportation
		5.8.2 Healthcare
		5.8.3 Smart home
		5.8.4 Agriculture
		5.8.5 Electricity supply
		5.8.6 Waste management
	5.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Smart transportation for disabilities
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Structure, content and basic building blocks of smart transportation systems
		6.2.1 Urban transportation in traditional cities
			6.2.1.1 Population density and traffic in traditional cities
			6.2.1.2 Problems experienced in traditional urban transportation
		6.2.2 The place of artificial intelligence in intelligent transportation systems
		6.2.3 Urban transportation in smart cities
			6.2.3.1 Intelligent transportation systems overview and IoT
			6.2.3.2 Benefits and purpose of intelligent transportation systems
			6.2.3.3 Fundamentals of transition from traditional to intelligent transportation in the city
			6.2.3.4 Examples of urban intelligent transportation systems used in the world
			6.2.3.5 Convenience of intelligent transportation systems
		6.2.4 Comparison of traditional transportation and intelligent transportation used in the city
	6.3 Transportation of disabled individuals in the city
		6.3.1 Individuals with disabilities in urban transportation
		6.3.2 Places disabled people want to reach mostly in the city
		6.3.3 Problems of disabled people in urban transportation
		6.3.4 The place of the disabled in traditional urban transportation systems
		6.3.5 The importance of intelligent transportation systems for the disabled
		6.3.6 Urban smart transportation applications developed for the disabled
		6.3.7 Conveniences provided by intelligent transportation applications to disabled people
	6.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7: Waste management for smart cities
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Current state of WM
	7.3 Waste categorization and WM problems
		7.3.1 Pollution waste
		7.3.2 Solid WM problems
		7.3.3 Waste collecting problems and waste transportation
		7.3.4 Developing country problems
		7.3.5 Environmental awareness and adaptation of IT for WM
	7.4 WM solutions for smart cities
		7.4.1 Strategic perspective of WM
			7.4.1.1 Sectoral regulations
			7.4.1.2 Collaboration
		7.4.2 AI solutions
			7.4.2.1 Plastic WM
			7.4.2.2 Air pollution
			7.4.2.3 Waste generation, collection and transportation
			7.4.2.4 Swachh adaptive intelligence-blockchain
			7.4.2.5 Deep learning
		7.4.3 Smart WM information systems for smart cities
			7.4.3.1 Waste collecting and tracking
			7.4.3.2 Solid waste
			7.4.3.3 IoT-based WM system
			7.4.3.4 Smart agriculture solutions
			7.4.3.5 Smart grid
			7.4.3.6 Software solutions
		7.4.4 Intelligent technology-based solutions
			7.4.4.1 Blockchain technology
			7.4.4.2 Cloud and fog computing
			7.4.4.3 Drone technology
			7.4.4.4 IoT-based technologies including global positioning system (GPS), RFID, and sensors
			7.4.4.5 GPS
			7.4.4.6 PADL description language
			7.4.4.7 ICT
		7.4.5 Data solutions
			7.4.5.1 Data collection
			7.4.5.2 Big data solutions
			7.4.5.3 Data analytics and data-driven decision-making
			7.4.5.4 Data security and citizen privacy
		7.4.6 Social complementary solutions
			7.4.6.1 Culture adaptation
			7.4.6.2 Behavioral issues
			7.4.6.3 Enhance the ability of IT users
			7.4.6.4 Well-being management
		7.4.7 Circular economy
			7.4.7.1 Countries focus on green deal
			7.4.7.2 Greening technology processes
			7.4.7.3 Material conversion
			7.4.7.4 Recycled plastic usage
			7.4.7.5 Renewable energy technologies
	7.5 Socio-technical perspective in WM
	7.6 Conclusions
	Notes
	References
Chapter 8: Emergency management in smart cities
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 What is emergency management?
	8.3 What is a smart city?
	8.4 Smart (IoT) devices for emergency management
	8.5 Importance of big data
	8.6 Traffic management system for emergency services
	8.7 AI and EM
	8.8 Chapter summary
	References
Chapter 9: Sustainable financing of smart cities
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Distinctive features of smart city finance
	9.3 Financial sustainability of smart cities
	9.4 Financing methods for smart cities
		9.4.1 Traditional financing methods
			9.4.1.1 Governmental (or federal) and/or municipal grants and subsidies
			9.4.1.2 Municipal bonds
				9.4.1.2.1 General obligation bonds
				9.4.1.2.2 Revenue bonds
			9.4.1.3 Industrial revenue bonds
			9.4.1.4 Bank loans and leases
			9.4.1.5 International organizations’ funds
		9.4.2 Innovative financing methods
			9.4.2.1 Public–private partnerships
			9.4.2.2 Crowdfunding
			9.4.2.3 Green bonds
			9.4.2.4 Social impact bonds
			9.4.2.5 Pay-for-performance contracts
			9.4.2.6 User fees
			9.4.2.7 Land-value capture
			9.4.2.8 Tax-increment financing
			9.4.2.9 Venture philanthropy
	9.5 Application of AI tools in financing of smart cities
		9.5.1 AI in pre-investment decision-making process
		9.5.2 Managing regulations: RegTech
		9.5.3 Financial benefits of using acquired data: data monetizing
		9.5.4 Utilizing data to determine financial and non-financial returns
		9.5.5 Impact of AI on crowdfunding
		9.5.6 Merging blockchain, AI, and IoT: tokenization
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10: Risk management
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Literature review of DRM from the perspective of AI
		10.2.1 Mainstreaming DRM and AI
		10.2.2 The use of AI in DRM process: pros and cons
		10.2.3 Implementation of AI in DRM practice
	10.3 DRR: a decision-making support systems tool
		10.3.1 The effectiveness of public stakeholders in DRR process
		10.3.2 Information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled risk reduction for resilient urban systems
		10.3.3 DRR policies: regional, national, and international perspectives
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11: Ethical rules: Protection of personal data
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Data ethics and AI: what is all the fuss about?
	11.3 The advent of AI regulation and the legal framework
	11.4 Principles of data privacy, ethics and protection
	11.5 Ethics in practice
	11.6 Key ethical considerations
		11.6.1 Human-centric ethics
			11.6.1.1 Social ethical concerns
				11.6.1.1.1 Discrimination
				11.6.1.1.2 Unemployment
				11.6.1.1.3 Wealth and skills inequality
			11.6.1.2 Data-related ethical concerns
				11.6.1.2.1 Data biases
				11.6.1.2.2 Data ownership
				11.6.1.2.3 Privacy and informed consent
				11.6.1.2.4 Transparency, explainability and interpretation
				11.6.1.2.5 Safety and security
		11.6.2 Singularity/superintelligence
		11.6.3 Machine ethics
	11.7 Analytical approaches to ethical considerations
	11.8 Future expectations
	11.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12: Data security
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The concept of data and information security in smart cities
	12.3 Security in smart cities from an IOT perspective
		12.3.1 Perpection (sensing) layer
		12.3.2 Network layer
		12.3.3 Support layer
		12.3.4 Application layer
			12.3.4.1 Cross-site scripting
			12.3.4.2 Structured query language injection attack
			12.3.4.3 Malware
			12.3.4.4 Other Attacks
	12.4 Applications in smart cities
		12.4.1 Smart environment
		12.4.2 Smart governance (government)
		12.4.3 Smart people
		12.4.4 Smart living
		12.4.5 Smart mobility
		12.4.6 Smart economy
	12.5 Security measures in smart cities
	12.6 Conclusion
	References
Index