Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Engineering

Cover......Page 1
Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Engineering......Page 2
ISBN: 0-1256-9550-0......Page 3
Preface ......Page 4
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Recommendations ......Page 9
About The Authors......Page 11
1.1 Representing Facts in Prolog......Page 12
1.2 A Simple Program Containing Facts and Questions......Page 15
1.3 An Introduction to Rules in Prolog......Page 18
1.4 Recursive Rules in Prolog......Page 29
1.5 Chapter Summary......Page 35
2.1 Data Representation and Syntax......Page 38
2.2 Matching......Page 47
2 3 Declarative and Procedural Nature of Prolog......Page 52
2.4 Prolog and Logic......Page 61
2.5 Chapter Summary......Page 62
3.1 Arithmetic in Prolog......Page 64
3.2 Lists......Page 72
3.3 Recursion and List Processing in Prolog......Page 76
3.4 Practical Applications of list Processing......Page 80
3.5 Chapter Summary......Page 93
3.6 Practice Problems......Page 94
4.1 Preventing Backtracking: The Cut......Page 96
4.2 Backtracking in Prolog......Page 99
4.3 Common Uses of the Cut......Page 104
4.4 Consequences of the Cut......Page 109
4.5 Chapter Summary......Page 115
5.1 Reading and Writing Terms......Page 116
5.2 Writing Lists......Page 118
5 3 Reading and Writing Characters......Page 121
5.4 Reading and Writing Files......Page 122
5.5 Reading Programs......Page 124
5.6 Chapter Summary......Page 128
6.1 Built-in and User-Defined Operators......Page 130
6.2 Equality......Page 135
6 3 Program Control Tools......Page 136
6.4 Retaining Multiple Solutions......Page 142
6.5 Chapter Summary......Page 145
7.1 Assessing Prolog Data Objects......Page 147
7.2 Constructing and Decomposing Atoms: the name Predicate......Page 151
7.3 Accessing and Altering Clauses......Page 152
7.4 Constructing and Decomposing Structured Objects......Page 159
7.5 Debugging Tools in Prolog......Page 165
7.6 Chapter Summary......Page 169
8.1 Principles of Good Programming......Page 171
8.2 Program Layout......Page 172
8.3 Programming-Efificiency Techniques......Page 176
8.4 Program Development......Page 187
8.5 Chapter Summary......Page 189
9.1 LISP......Page 191
9.2 Comparing Prolog and LISP......Page 200
9.3 Chapter Summary......Page 202
10.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)......Page 204
10.2 Expert Systems and Knowledge Representation......Page 210
10.3 Chapter Summary......Page 236
11.1 Search Strategies in Artificial Intelligence......Page 239
11.2 Knowledge Representation in Prolog......Page 249
11.3 Additional Problem-Solving Strategies......Page 267
11.4 Chapter Summary......Page 278
12.1 The Application: Separation-Flowsheet Development and Multicomponent Separation Sequencing......Page 281
12.2 Introduction to Expert-System Development......Page 285
12.3 Chapter Summary......Page 289
13.1 Introduction......Page 291
13.2 Representation of the Separation-Synthesis Problem......Page 297
13.3 Feasibility Analysis of Separation Tasks......Page 299
13.4 Separation Specification Table (SST)......Page 305
13.5 Bypass and Pseudoproduct Transformation......Page 308
13.6 Heuristics for Separation Synthesis......Page 311
13.7 Chapter Summary......Page 320
14.1 Requirements for Use......Page 323
14.2 Using EXSEP: Example 1......Page 324
14.3 Generating Alternate Flowsheets......Page 337
14.4 Additional Example Problems......Page 344
14.5 Chapter Summary......Page 362
15: Ai Perspective Of Exsep......Page 364
15.1 Knowledge Representation......Page 365
15.2 Search......Page 371
15.3 Prolog Programming......Page 374
15.4 Practice Problems......Page 391
15.5 Chapter Summary......Page 395
16: Overview Of Knowledge-Based Applications In Chemical Engineering......Page 397
16.1 Introduction......Page 398
16.2 Development of Expert Systems......Page 399
16.3 Applications to Process-Fault Diagnosis......Page 403
16.4 Applications to Process Control......Page 414
16.5 Applications to Process Design......Page 420
16.6 Applications to Process Planning and Operations......Page 429
16.7 Applications to Process Modeling and Simulation......Page 432
16.8 Applications to Product Design, Development and Selection......Page 436
16.9 Practice Problems......Page 440
16.10 Conclusions......Page 441
17: Introduction To Artificial Neural Networks......Page 443
17.1 Introduction......Page 444
17.2 Fundamentals of Neural Computing......Page 448
173 Applications of Artificial Neural Networks......Page 468
17.4 Comments and Conclusions......Page 483
Appendix A : American Standard Code For Information Interchange (Ascii)......Page 490
Appendix B : Exsep Program Listing With Comments......Page 494
Appendix C : Glossary Of Terms......Page 543
Appendix D : Answers To Selected Exercises And Practice Problems......Page 558
Subject Index......Page 593
TrUe LiAr......Page 607