Artificial Intelligence for Dummies

Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 9
Introduction......Page 17
About This Book......Page 18
Beyond the Book......Page 19
Where to Go from Here......Page 20
Part 1 Introducing AI......Page 21
Defining the Term AI......Page 23
Discerning intelligence......Page 24
Discovering four ways to define AI......Page 28
Understanding the History of AI......Page 30
Starting with symbolic logic at Dartmouth......Page 31
Overcoming the AI winters......Page 32
Considering AI Uses......Page 33
Avoiding AI Hype......Page 34
Connecting AI to the Underlying Computer......Page 35
Chapter 2 Defining the Role of Data......Page 37
Finding Data Ubiquitous in This Age......Page 38
Understanding Moore’s implications......Page 39
Using data everywhere......Page 40
Putting algorithms into action......Page 41
Considering the data sources......Page 43
Making human input more reliable......Page 44
Manicuring the Data......Page 46
Dealing with missing data......Page 47
Separating useful data from other data......Page 48
Commission......Page 49
Perspective......Page 50
Bias......Page 51
Frame of reference......Page 52
Defining the Limits of Data Acquisition......Page 53
Chapter 3 Considering the Use of Algorithms......Page 55
Understanding what algorithm means......Page 56
Starting from planning and branching......Page 57
Playing adversarial games......Page 60
Using local search and heuristics......Page 62
Discovering the Learning Machine......Page 65
Leveraging expert systems......Page 66
Introducing machine learning......Page 68
Touching new heights......Page 69
Chapter 4 Pioneering Specialized Hardware......Page 71
Understanding the standard hardware......Page 72
Describing standard hardware deficiencies......Page 73
Using GPUs......Page 75
Considering the Von Neumann bottleneck......Page 76
Defining the GPU......Page 77
Creating a Specialized Processing Environment......Page 78
Increasing Hardware Capabilities......Page 79
Adding Specialized Sensors......Page 80
Devising Methods to Interact with the Environment......Page 81
Part 2 Considering the Uses of AI in Society......Page 83
Chapter 5 Seeing AI Uses in Computer Applications......Page 85
Using AI in typical applications......Page 86
Realizing AI‘s wide range of fields......Page 87
Considering the Chinese Room argument......Page 88
Seeing How AI Makes Applications Friendlier......Page 89
Considering the kinds of corrections......Page 90
Understanding why automated corrections don’t work......Page 91
Getting suggestions based on past actions......Page 92
Obtaining the wrong suggestions......Page 93
Considering AI-based Errors......Page 94
Chapter 6 Automating Common Processes......Page 97
Making tasks more interesting......Page 98
Helping humans work more efficiently......Page 99
Considering how AI can’t reduce boredom......Page 100
Developing various levels of automation......Page 101
Using more than just robots......Page 102
Relying on automation alone......Page 103
Seeing AI in avoiding safety issues......Page 104
Understanding that AI can’t eliminate safety issues......Page 105
Chapter 7 Using AI to Address Medical Needs......Page 107
Wearing helpful monitors......Page 108
Relying on critical wearable monitors......Page 109
Using movable monitors......Page 110
Using games for therapy......Page 111
Considering the use of exoskeletons......Page 113
Addressing Special Needs......Page 115
Relying on hardware augmentation......Page 116
Completing Analysis in New Ways......Page 117
Making surgical suggestions......Page 118
Assisting a surgeon......Page 119
Replacing the surgeon with monitoring......Page 120
Working with medical records......Page 121
Making procedures safer......Page 122
Creating better medications......Page 123
Combining Robots and Medical Professionals......Page 124
Chapter 8 Relying on AI to Improve Human Interaction......Page 125
Developing New Ways to Communicate......Page 126
Automating language translation......Page 127
Incorporating body language......Page 129
Creating connections......Page 130
Defining trends......Page 131
Using Multimedia......Page 132
Shifting data spectrum......Page 133
Augmenting human senses......Page 134
Part 3 Working with Software-Based AI Applications......Page 135
Chapter 9 Performing Data Analysis for AI......Page 137
Defining Data Analysis......Page 138
Understanding why analysis is important......Page 140
Reconsidering the value of data......Page 141
Defining Machine Learning......Page 142
Understanding how machine learning works......Page 143
Understanding the benefits of machine learning......Page 145
Being useful; being mundane......Page 146
Specifying the limits of machine learning......Page 147
Considering How to Learn from Data......Page 148
Supervised learning......Page 149
Reinforcement learning......Page 150
Chapter 10 Employing Machine Learning in AI......Page 151
Discovering five main approaches to AI learning......Page 152
Delving into the three most promising AI learning approaches......Page 155
Exploring the Truth in Probabilities......Page 156
Determining what probabilities can do......Page 157
Considering prior knowledge......Page 159
Envisioning the world as a graph......Page 162
Predicting outcomes by splitting data......Page 166
Making decisions based on trees......Page 168
Pruning overgrown trees......Page 170
Chapter 11 Improving AI with Deep Learning......Page 171
Starting with the miraculous perceptron......Page 172
Considering simple neural networks......Page 175
Figuring out the secret is in the weights......Page 176
Introducing Deep Learning......Page 177
Explaining the difference in deep learning......Page 179
Finding even smarter solutions......Page 180
Starting with character recognition......Page 183
Explaining how convolutions work......Page 184
Advancing using image challenges......Page 186
Memorizing sequences that matter......Page 187
Discovering the magic of AI conversations......Page 188
Making an AI compete against another AI......Page 190
Part 4 Working with AI in Hardware Applications......Page 195
Chapter 12 Developing Robots......Page 197
Defining Robot Roles......Page 198
Overcoming the sci-fi view of robots......Page 199
Knowing why it’s hard to be a humanoid......Page 202
Working with robots......Page 204
Considering the components......Page 207
Sensing the world......Page 208
Controlling a robot......Page 209
Chapter 13 Flying with Drones......Page 211
Flying unmanned to missions......Page 212
Meeting the quadcopter......Page 213
Defining Uses for Drones......Page 215
Seeing drones in nonmilitary roles......Page 216
Powering up drones using AI......Page 218
Understanding regulatory issues......Page 221
Chapter 14 Utilizing the AI-Driven Car......Page 223
Getting a Short History......Page 224
Climbing the six levels of autonomy......Page 225
Rethinking the role of cars in our lives......Page 226
Getting into a Self-Driving Car......Page 230
Putting all the tech together......Page 231
Letting AI into the scene......Page 232
Understanding it is not just AI......Page 233
Overcoming Uncertainty of Perceptions......Page 234
Introducing the car’s senses......Page 235
Putting together what you perceive......Page 237
Part 5 Considering the Future of AI......Page 239
Chapter 15 Understanding the Nonstarter Application......Page 241
Defining the limits of AI......Page 242
Entering a world of unrealistic expectations......Page 245
Considering the Effects of AI Winters......Page 246
Defining the causes of the AI winter......Page 247
Rebuilding expectations with new goals......Page 249
Creating Solutions in Search of a Problem......Page 250
Avoiding the infomercial......Page 251
Understanding when humans do it better......Page 252
Looking for the simple solution......Page 253
Chapter 16 Seeing AI in Space......Page 255
Seeing clearly for the first time......Page 256
Finding new places to go......Page 257
Creating new scientific principles......Page 258
Performing Space Mining......Page 259
Obtaining rare earths and other metals......Page 261
Enhancing communication......Page 263
Starting with the probe......Page 264
Relying on robotic missions......Page 265
Adding the human element......Page 267
Taking your first space vacation......Page 268
Industrializing space......Page 269
Using space for storage......Page 270
Chapter 17 Adding New Human Occupations......Page 271
Living and Working in Space......Page 272
Creating Cities in Hostile Environments......Page 273
Building cities in the ocean......Page 274
Creating space-based habitats......Page 275
Constructing moon-based resources......Page 276
Making Humans More Efficient......Page 277
Fixing Problems on a Planetary Scale......Page 279
Contemplating how the world works......Page 280
Locating potential sources of problems......Page 281
Defining potential solutions......Page 282
Trying again......Page 283
Part 6 The Part of Tens......Page 285
Chapter 18 Ten AI-Safe Occupations......Page 287
Nursing......Page 288
Solving developmental issues......Page 289
Inventing......Page 290
Imagining the unreal......Page 291
Monitoring situations in real time......Page 292
Separating fact from fiction......Page 293
Chapter 19 Ten Substantial Contributions of AI to Society......Page 295
Devising the active human foot......Page 296
Administering medications......Page 297
Advancing robot technologies......Page 298
Creating New Technology Environments......Page 299
Delivering goods to space stations......Page 300
Mining extraplanetary resources......Page 301
Exploring other planets......Page 302
Chapter 20 Ten Ways in Which AI Has Failed......Page 303
Interpreting, not analyzing......Page 304
Going beyond pure numbers......Page 305
Devising new data from old......Page 306
Implementing new senses......Page 307
Walking in someone’s shoes......Page 308
Making leaps of faith......Page 309
Index......Page 311
EULA......Page 339