Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models: An Introduction to the Technological Future

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
1. Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
	Introduction
	Short History of Artificial Intelligence
		What Is the Turing Test?
	The Objectives of Artificial Intelligence
		Problem-Solving
		Reasoning
		Learning
		Planning
		Deeper Insight into Data
		Types of Artificial Intelligence
		Types of Artificial Intelligence Based on Functionalities
		Reactive Machines
		Limited Memory
		Theory of Mind
		Self-Aware
	Types of Artificial Intelligence Based on Capability
		Artificial Narrow Intelligence
		Artificial General Intelligence
		Artificial Super Intelligence
	What Is the Structure of an Artificial Intelligence System?
		Environment
		Agent
		Sensor
		Affecters
		Actuator
	Different Fields of Artificial Intelligence
		Cognitive Computing
		Machine Learning
		Deep Learning
		Artificial Neural Networks
		Computer Vision
		Natural Language Processing
		Expert Systems
		Reinforcement Learning
		Robotics
	What Is the Logic Used in Artificial Intelligence and Its Types?
		Deductive Logic
		Inductive Logic
	Other Main Types of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
		Propositional Logic
		First-Order Logic
		Second-Order Logic
		Third-Order Logic
		Higher-Order Logic
		Modal Logic
		Applications of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
		Artificial Intelligence Approaches
		Symbolic Approach
		Connectionist Approach
2. Introduction to ChatGPT
	Introduction
	Generative Modeling
	Generative Artificial Intelligence Models
	Types of Generative Artificial Intelligence Models
		Probabilistic Generative Models
		Adversarial Generative Models
		Normalizing Flow-Based Models
	Introduction to Most Popular Generative Models
	Problem-Solving Scope of ChatGPT
	History of Generative Models
	A Glimpse of ChatGPT Statistics
	OpenAI Conversational Model
	Transfer Learning Model Used in ChatGPT
		Proximal Policy Optimization
		Trust Region Policy Optimization
	Introduction to Large Language Model
	Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
	Cloud Computing and ChatGPT
	Application Programming Interface
	Transformer Library
	Python Programming Language for ChatGPT
	Neural Network Technology in ChatGPT
	Deep Learning Technology in ChatGPT
	Natural Language Processing in ChatGPT
	How to Use ChatGPT Bot?
		Salient Features of ChatGPT
		Limitations of ChatGPT
		Top Services of ChatGPT
3. ChatGPT Technology Stack
	Introduction
	Hardware Technology Stack
		Graphics Processing Units
		Tensor Processing Units
		High Bandwidth Memory
		Compute Unified Device Architecture
	Cloud Computing Infrastructure
	Software Technology Stack
	Programming Languages
		Python Programming Language
		C++ Programming Language
		CUDA Programming Language
		HTML Language
		JavaScript
	Deep Learning Frameworks
		PyTorch Platform
		Keras Platform
		TensorFlow
		Theano
		NumPy
		Anaconda
	Natural Language Processing Libraries
		Hugging Face Transformers
		SpaCy Platform
4. Natural Language Processing (NLP): Foundation Building Block of ChatGPT
	Introduction
	What Is Natural Language Processing?
		How Does Natural Language Processing Technology Work?
	Branches of Natural Language Processing
	Historical Eras of Natural Language Processing
		Symbolic Natural Language Processing Era
		Statistical Natural Language Processing Era
		Neural Natural Language Processing Era
	Applications of Natural Language Processing
		ChatGPT
		Domain-Specific Chatbots
		Language Translation
		Speech Recognition
		Text Processing
		Spam Filtering
		Sentiment Analysis
		Predictive Recommendation
		Smart Assistants
		Data Analysis
		Grammar Checker Applications
		Personalized Marketing
		Social Media Monitoring
	What Techniques Are Used in Natural Language Processing?
		Part of Speech Tagging
		Tokenization
		Named Entity Recognition
		Sentiment Analysis
		Summarization
		Topic Modeling
		Text Classification
		Keyword Extraction
		Lemmatization and Stemming
5. Deep Learning Transformer Architecture
	Introduction
	Importance of the Deep Learning Transformer
	What Is the Transformer Model?
	What Is a Pretrained System?
	What Are the Main Types of Pretrained Systems?
		Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers
		Generative Pretrained Transformer
		Universal Sentence Encoder
		Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer
		Attention Mechanism in Transformer
	What Are Large Language Models?
		Examples of Large Language Models
		What Is the Large Language Model Dataset?
	Main Types of Large Language Datasets
		Wikipedia Text Corpus
		Web Page Text Corpus
		Books Text Corpus
		Other Corpora
	Architecture of Different Versions of GPT
		Version GPT 1.0
		Version GPT 2.0
		Version GPT 3.0
		Version GPT 3.5
6. Fundamentals of ChatGPT Training
	Introduction
	Training Content Types
		Articles
		Books
		Webpages
		Other Sources
	Training Models
	Large Language Models
	Techniques Used in Training Models
		Masked-Language Modeling Technique
		Next-Token-Prediction Technique
	ChatGPT Training Process Simplified
		Long Short-Term Memory Model
		Supervised Fine-Tuning Model
		Reward Model
		Reinforcement Learning Model
		Model Evaluation
7. Using ChatGPT Like a Pro
	Introduction
	Important Tasks to Use ChatGPT Like a Pro
		How to Register for ChatGPT?
		How to Login ChatGPT?
		Overview of ChatGPT Interface
		Getting Started with Your First Query
		Overview of Using ChatGPT
		How to Regenerate New Response?
		How to Copy and Share Response?
		How to Give Feedback to ChatGPT?
		How to Add Customized Instructions?
		How to Set Themes?
		How to Turn-Off/On Your Chat History?
		How to Manage Links for Sharing Chats?
		How to Export Chat Data?
		How to Log Out of Your ChatGPT Account?
		How to Delete Your ChatGPT Account?
	Upgrading to ChatGPT-4
	Difference between Different Versions of ChatGPT
	Advanced Features of ChatGPT 4
	How to Use ChatGPT in Software Development?
	How to Use ChatGPT for Effective Text Generation?
	What Are the Benefits of Using ChatGPT?
	Limitations of ChatGPT
8. Using Different Versions of ChatGPT
	Introduction
	Use of the Main Versions of ChatGPT
	Using ChatGPT 3.5
		Main Features and Uses
	Using ChatGPT 4.0
		Main Features and Uses
9. Future of ChatGPT
	Introduction
	Possibilities
	Challenges
	Implications
10. Top Use Cases of GPT-Based Tools
	Introduction
	AI-Powered Tools Similar to ChatGPT
		ChatGPT
		Google BARD
		Claude 2
		DALL-E 2
		GitHub Copilot
Bibliography
Index