Art and Architecture of the World's Religions

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
SCOPE AND PURPOSE......Page 12
WHAT IS RELIGION?......Page 15
WHAT IS RELIGIOUS ART?......Page 16
THE IMPORTANCE OF ART IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES......Page 17
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK......Page 19
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 22
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 24
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 26
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 31
Mnajdra Temple complex, Malta, ca. 3300–2500 BCE......Page 37
Stonehenge, England, ca. 3000…1500......Page 39
Minoan Snake Goddess, ca. 1600......Page 40
NOTES......Page 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 45
Chronology......Page 50
Religion......Page 53
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 54
Temples and Ziggurats......Page 56
Deities and Devotees......Page 57
The Warka Vase, ca. 3500 –3000 BCE......Page 61
The Ziggurat at Ur, Iraq, ca. 2100......Page 62
Clay Mask of the Demon Humbaba, ca. 1800 …1600......Page 63
Section of the Facade of the Eanna Temple from Uruk, ca. 1415......Page 65
Relief from the Palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad, Late Eighth Century......Page 66
NOTES......Page 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 69
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 72
Gods and Goddesses......Page 75
The Pharaoh and the Priests......Page 77
Death and the Afterlife......Page 79
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 81
Tombs and the Funerary Arts......Page 82
Temples......Page 84
The Temples of Amun at Luxor and Karnak......Page 85
The Pharaoh-Queen Hatshepsut......Page 87
The Papyrus of Ani ( Book of the Dead), ca. 1275–1250 BCE......Page 89
The Sacred Cat (Goddess Bastet), Bronze Statuette, after 600......Page 90
NOTES......Page 92
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 93
4. Religion in Ancient and Classical Greece and Rome......Page 96
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 97
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 98
The Olympian Pantheon......Page 99
Mystery Cults......Page 102
Temples......Page 103
Images of Deities......Page 107
The Parthenon in Athens, Greece (447–438 BCE) and the Pantheon in Rome, Italy (ca. 125 CE)......Page 109
Frescoes from the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60…50......Page 113
NOTES......Page 114
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 117
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 120
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 122
Pyramid-Temple Complexes......Page 126
Symbols and Glyphs......Page 128
Las Limas Monument 1: “The Lord of Las Limas,”ca. 800 –300 BCE......Page 129
Drawing of the Lid of the Sarcophagus of Lord Pacal of Palenque, ca. 684......Page 131
The Codex Fejérváry-Mayer, 15th Century......Page 132
The Aztec Calendar Stone, Early 16th Century......Page 133
Nazca Lines, Peru, ca. 200 …600......Page 135
NOTES......Page 138
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 139
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 144
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 146
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 148
Great Serpent Mound......Page 154
Navajo Sand Painting Textile......Page 156
Hopi Kachina......Page 159
Northwest Coast Totem Poles......Page 161
NOTES......Page 163
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 165
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 170
Creation and Dreamtime......Page 173
Gods, Spirits, and Ancestors......Page 175
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 176
Environmental and Ephemeral Art Forms of Oceania......Page 178
Malagan Image......Page 180
Maori Wood Carvings......Page 182
Easter Island Moai Figures......Page 185
NOTES......Page 188
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 190
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 194
Terminology: Issues and Challenges......Page 195
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 197
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 199
Masks and Masking Performances......Page 201
Shrines, Sanctuaries, and Power Figures......Page 203
Bamana Chi Wara Headdress Mask......Page 204
Kongo Nkisi Nkondi Figure......Page 207
Ashanti Akua Ma Figurines......Page 208
Kota Mbulu-Ngulu Figure......Page 209
Yoruba Iroke Ifa Divination Wand......Page 210
NOTES......Page 211
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 213
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 218
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 220
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 223
The Temple and the Synagogue......Page 224
Dura Europos Synagogue, Interior, Fresco Paintings, ca. 250 CE......Page 232
Two Hebrew Manuscripts from the 14th Century......Page 234
Marc Chagall, Moses Receives the Tablets of the Law, 1960 –1966......Page 236
NOTES......Page 238
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 241
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 244
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 248
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 250
Three Images of Mary and Jesus......Page 257
Three Images of the Crucifixion of Jesus......Page 260
NOTES......Page 264
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 266
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 268
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 270
Definitions and Dilemmas......Page 272
The Mosque......Page 274
The Word in Islamic Art......Page 277
The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, begun 691......Page 280
Two Persian Manuscripts with Narrative Illustrations......Page 282
An Ottoman Prayer Rug, Late 16th Century......Page 286
NOTES......Page 287
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 289
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 292
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 295
The Hindu Image......Page 299
The Hindu Temple......Page 301
The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho, ca. 1025–50......Page 304
Images of Hindu Deities......Page 305
NOTES......Page 308
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 310
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 314
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 317
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 320
Two Great Stupas: The Great Stupa at Sanchi, India, Third to First Centuries BCE and Borobudur, Java, ca. 800 CE......Page 324
Three Buddhas and Two Bodhisattvas......Page 328
A Tibetan Mandala, 15th Century......Page 331
NOTES......Page 333
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 334
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 338
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 342
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 344
The White Cloud Monastery, Beijing, 14th –15th Century......Page 347
Divine Immortals of the Five Paths and Transcendents Who Have Obtained the Tao , 1454......Page 349
Vase with the Eight Taoist Immortals, 14th Century......Page 350
The Lady of the Highest Primordial and the Empress of the Earth, ca. 1600......Page 351
Jade Plaque of a Taoist Paradise, 17th Century......Page 352
NOTES......Page 353
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 355
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 358
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 361
Temples......Page 363
Images of Confucius and Confucian Themes in Art......Page 366
The Imperial City and Temple of Heaven, Beijing......Page 372
NOTES......Page 375
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 377
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 380
PRINCIPAL BELIEFS AND KEY PRACTICES......Page 384
TRADITIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS......Page 385
Sacred Places and Spaces......Page 386
Religious Festivals......Page 390
Ise Shrine (ca. 680–Present)......Page 391
Kasuga Mandara ca. 1300......Page 392
Deified Princess Nakatsu-Hime, Ninth Century......Page 395
NOTES......Page 396
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING......Page 398
NOTES......Page 402
Conclusion......Page 400
Print Resources......Page 404
Web Resources......Page 406
Index......Page 408
About the Author......Page 419
Color Plates......Page 420