Aquaculture: Ocean Blue Carbon Meets UN-SDGS

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Diagnosing the Problem
	1.1 In this Chapter…
	1.2 A Plain Language Guide to the Earth’s Carbon Cycle
	1.3 The Denial of Anthropogenic CO2-Driven Climate Change
	1.4 The Global Carbon Cycle
	1.5 The Likely Effects of Climate Change
	1.6 Climate Change and What We Might Do About It
	1.7 Blue Carbon on the High Seas and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
	References
2 Cultivate Shellfish to Remediate the Atmosphere
	2.1 In this Chapter…
	2.2 Plant Trees for the Intrinsic Value of Forests
	2.3 Cultivate Shellfish: Save the Atmosphere
	2.4 There’s a Lot of Shell in Shellfish
	2.5 Shellfish Shell is Mineralised Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere
	2.6 Shellfish Shell is Not Digested and is Chemically Stable for Geological Periods of Time
	2.7 Change the Paradigm
	2.8 Additional Benefits
	2.9 The Shellfish Cultivation Industry Offers Unique Opportunities for Limiting Climate Change and Enhancing Conservation Strategies
	References
3 Aquaculture: Prehistoric to Traditional to Modern
	3.1 In this Chapter…
	3.2 Our Primeval Shellfish-Eating Tradition
	3.3 Ancient Clam Gardening
	3.4 What is Aquaculture?
	3.5 Fish and Shellfish in Recorded History
	3.6 Nineteenth Century Oyster and Scallop Dredging on Both Sides of the Atlantic
	3.7 Bringing the Oyster Back to the Table
	3.8 Present-Day Aquaculture
	References
4 The High Seas Solution
	4.1 In this Chapter…
	4.2 The Context
	4.3 A Novel Idea
	4.4 Why Should It Be Done?
	4.5 How Are We Going to Achieve It?
	4.6 Where Could This Take Place?
	4.7 What Shall We Raise There?
	4.8 My Vision about the High Seas
	4.9 My Dream of a Shared Half World
	References
5 Farming Giant Clams in 2021: A Great Future for the ‘Blue Economy’ of Tropical Islands
	5.1 In this Chapter…
	5.2 Introducing Giant Clams
	5.3 Biology and History of Giant Clams
	5.4 Giant Clams and Coral Reefs
	5.5 Giant Clam Cultivation and Restocking
	5.6 Giant Clam Aquaculture is More Than Just Science!
	5.7 More a Matter of Vision and Governance Than Either Science or Art
	Acknowledgements
	References
6 Coccolithophore Cultivation and Deployment
	6.1 In this Chapter…
	6.2 Introducing Calcifying Algae
	6.3 The Nature, Biology and Ecology of Coccolithophores
	6.4 Why Coccolithophores Could Be Good for Us and Our Planet
	6.5 Coccolithophore Cultivation
	6.6 Large-Scale Cultivation of Coccolithophores
	6.7 What We Might Do
	References
7 Comparing Industrial and Biotechnological Solutions for Carbon Capture and Storage
	7.1 In this Chapter…
	7.2 Solutions for Atmospheric Carbon Reduction
	7.3 The Carbon Market
	7.4 Industrial Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)
	7.5 Carbon Emissions Reduction Targets
	7.6 The Comparison with ‘Soft’ (Nature-Based) Carbon Sequestration
	7.7 ‘Soft’ Carbon Sequestration Solutions (Nature-Based)
	7.8 Coastal Blue Carbon
	7.9 The Ultimate Blue Carbon: The Oceans’ Calcifiers
	7.10 Sustainability Assessment of CCS Methods
	7.11 Conclusions
	References
8 What Should Be Done
	8.1 In this Chapter…
	8.2 Executive Summary of Chaps. 1–7
		8.2.1 Chapter 1. Diagnosing the Problem by David Moore, Matthias Heilweck and Peter Petros
		8.2.2 Chapter 2. Cultivate Shellfish to Remediate the Atmosphere by David Moore, Matthias Heilweck and Peter Petros
		8.2.3 Chapter 3. Aquaculture: Prehistoric to Traditional to Modern by David Moore and Matthias Heilweck
		8.2.4 Chapter 4. The High Seas Solution by Matthias Heilweck
		8.2.5 Chapter 5. Farming Giant Clams in 2020: A Great Future for the ‘Blue Economy’ of Tropical Islands by David Moore
		8.2.6 Chapter 6. Coccolithophore Cultivation and Deployment by David Moore
		8.2.7 Chapter 7. Comparing Industrial and Biotechnological Solutions for Carbon Capture and Storage by Peter Petros and David Moore
		8.2.8 Summary of Recommendations
		8.2.9 The Action Plan
		8.2.10 Immediate Activity (Assuming Global Funding and Programme Management Are Both in Place)
		8.2.11 Waste Shells?
		8.2.12 Infrastructural Activity Designed to Change the Paradigm
	8.3 Specific Recommendations
		8.3.1 Seamount Installations and Factory Ships
		8.3.2 Factory Ships
		8.3.3 Coral Reef Restoration
Index