Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine

Applied Physiologyin IntensiveCare Medicine......Page 2
Introduction......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 8
Physiological Notes 1......Page 13
Intrinsic (or auto-) PEEP during controlledmechanical ventilation......Page 15
Intrinsic (or auto-) positive end-expiratorypressure during spontaneousor assisted ventilation......Page 18
Work of breathing......Page 21
Interpretation of airway pressure waveforms......Page 25
Dead space......Page 27
Alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow:the VA/Q concept......Page 31
Mechanisms of hypoxemia......Page 35
Pulse oximetry......Page 38
Effects of body temperature on blood gases......Page 42
Venous oximetry......Page 46
Relation between PaO2/FIO2 ratio and FIO2:a mathematical description......Page 49
Pulmonary vascular resistanceA meaningless variable?......Page 53
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure......Page 57
Clinical significance of pulmonaryartery occlusion pressure......Page 61
Pulmonary capillary pressure......Page 65
Ventricular interdependence:how does it impact on hemodynamicevaluation in clinical practice?......Page 69
Cyclic changes in arterial pressure duringmechanical ventilation......Page 72
Lactic acidosis......Page 76
Defining acute renal failure:physiological principles......Page 80
Hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis:new insights into an old problem......Page 85
Intracranial pressurePart one: Historical overview and basic concepts......Page 90
Intracranial pressurePart two: Clinical applications and technology......Page 94
Physiological Reviews......Page 98
Fluid responsivenessin mechanically ventilated patients:a review of indices used in intensive care......Page 100
Different techniques to measureintra-abdominal pressure (IAP):time for a critical re-appraisal......Page 109
Tissue capnometry:does the answer lie under the tongue?......Page 124
Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion......Page 133
Ultrasonographic examinationof the venae cavae......Page 144
Sleep in the intensive care unit......Page 148
Magnesium in critical illness:metabolism, assessment, and treatment......Page 158
Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury:from basic science to the critically ill......Page 171
Pulmonary and cardiac sequelaeof subarachnoid haemorrhage:time for active management?......Page 184
Permissive hypercapnia —role in protective lung ventilatory strategies......Page 196
Right ventricular function and positivepressure ventilation in clinical practice:from hemodynamic subsets to respiratorsettings......Page 206
Acute right ventricular failure––from pathophysiology to new treatments......Page 215
Red blood cell rheology in sepsis......Page 227
Stress-hyperglycemia,insulin and immunomodulation in sepsis......Page 237
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctionin critically ill patients with traumaticand nontraumatic brain injury......Page 246
Matching total body oxygen consumptionand delivery: a crucial objective?......Page 255
Normalizing physiological variablesin acute illness: five reasons for caution......Page 265
Seminal Studies in Intensive Care 3......Page 272
Manipulating afterload for the treatmentof acute heart failure......Page 273
Nosocomial pneumonia......Page 277
The introduction of positive endexpiratorypressure into mechanical ventilation:a retrospective......Page 284
Elastic pressure-volume curvesin acute lung injuryand acute respiratory distress syndrome......Page 288
The concept of “baby lung”......Page 296
The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysison the respiratory system......Page 305
Diaphragmatic fatigue during sepsisand septic shock......Page 314
The use of severity scores in the intensivecare unit......Page 321
Oxygen transport—the oxygen delivery controversy......Page 327
Organ dysfunction during s......Page 334
Ventilator-induced lung injury:from the bench to the bedside......Page 346
Remembrance of weaning past:the seminal papers......Page 356
Index......Page 365