Applied Materials Science: Applications of Engineering Materials in Structural, Electronics, Thermal, and Other Industries

Contents......Page 6
1.1 Classes of Materials......Page 10
1.2 Structural Applications......Page 13
1.3 Electronic Applications......Page 15
1.4 Thermal Applications......Page 17
1.5 Electrochemical Applications......Page 18
1.6 Environmental Applications......Page 20
1.7 Biomedical Applications......Page 21
Bibliography......Page 22
2.1 Introduction......Page 23
2.2.1 Metals, Diamond, and Ceramics......Page 24
2.2.2.1 Aluminum-Matrix Composites......Page 25
2.2.2.2 Copper-Matrix Composites......Page 27
2.2.3 Carbon-Matrix Composites......Page 28
2.2.5 Ceramic-Matrix Composites......Page 29
2.3 Thermal interface materials......Page 30
2.4 Conclusion......Page 32
References......Page 33
3.1 Introduction......Page 36
3.2 Applications in microelectronics......Page 37
3.3 Polymer-matrix composites......Page 40
3.3.1 Polymer-Matrix Composites with Continuous Fillers......Page 41
3.3.2 Polymer-Matrix Composites with Discontinuous Fillers......Page 42
References......Page 46
4.1 Introduction......Page 50
4.2 Mechanisms of shielding......Page 51
4.3 Composite materials for shielding......Page 52
4.4 Emerging materials for shielding......Page 54
References......Page 55
5.1 Introduction......Page 59
5.2 Background on cement-matrix composites......Page 60
5.3.2 Diode......Page 62
5.4.1 Strain Sensor......Page 64
5.4.2 Damage Sensor......Page 69
5.4.3 Thermistor......Page 73
5.5 Cement-based Thermoelectric Device......Page 74
References......Page 78
6.1 Introduction......Page 81
6.2 Background......Page 82
6.3 Sensing strain......Page 85
6.4 Sensing damage......Page 86
6.5 Sensing temperature......Page 89
6.6 Sensing bond degradation......Page 94
6.7 Sensing structural transitions......Page 96
6.7.1 DSC Analysis......Page 97
6.7.2 DC Electrical Resistance Analysis......Page 98
6.8 Sensing composite fabrication process......Page 101
6.9 Conclusion......Page 102
References......Page 103
7.1 Introduction......Page 105
7.2 Carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composites......Page 106
7.4.1 Joints Involving Composite and Concrete by Adhesion......Page 107
7.4.2 Joints Involving Composites by Adhesion......Page 108
7.4.3 Joints Involving Steels by Fastening......Page 110
7.4.4 Joints Involving Concrete by Pressure Application......Page 111
7.5 Conclusion......Page 112
References......Page 113
8.1 Introduction to surface modification......Page 115
8.2 Introduction to carbon fiber composites......Page 116
8.3 Surface modification of carbon fibers for polymer-matrix composites......Page 119
8.4 Surface modification of carbon fibers for metal-matrix composites......Page 127
References......Page 131
9.1 Introduction......Page 136
9.3 Admixtures in concrete......Page 137
9.5 Cathodic protection......Page 139
References......Page 140
10: Applications of Submicron-Diameter Carbon Filaments......Page 144
10.1 Introduction......Page 145
10.2 Structural Applications......Page 146
10.3 Electromagnetic Interface Shielding, Electromagnetic Reflection, and Surface Electrical Conduction......Page 148
10.5 Field Emission......Page 149
10.6 Electrochemical Application......Page 150
10.8 Strain Sensors......Page 151
10.9 Porous Carbons......Page 152
10.10 Catalyst Support......Page 153
References......Page 154
11: Improving Cement-Based Materials by Using Silica Fume......Page 159
11.2 Workability......Page 160
11.3 Mechanical Properties......Page 161
11.4 Vibration Damping Capacity......Page 162
11.8 Shrinkage......Page 164
11.10 Permeability......Page 165
11.14 Bond Strength to Steel Rebar......Page 166
11.18 Thermal Conductivity......Page 167
11.20 Conclusion......Page 168
References......Page 169
A.2 Insulators......Page 176
A.3 Composites......Page 177
A.4 Semiconductors......Page 178
B.1 Metals......Page 181
B.2 Semiconductors......Page 182
C: Electrical Measurement......Page 184
D: Dielectric Behavior......Page 189
E: Electromagnetic Measurement......Page 199
F: Thermoelectric Behavior......Page 200
G.2 Liquid penetrant inspection......Page 202
G.3 Ultrasonic inspection......Page 203
G.4 Acoustic emission testing......Page 206
G.5 Magnetic particle inspection......Page 207
G.6 Eddy current testing......Page 208
G.7 X-radiography......Page 209
H: Electrochemical Behavior......Page 210
I: The pn Junction......Page 219
J: Carbon Fibers......Page 222
References......Page 231