Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Neo-Nationalist Era

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Re-thinking Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching in the Face of Neo-Nationalism
	Nationalism, Language, and Education
	Neoliberalism and Applied Linguistics
	The End of Neoliberalism and the Rise of Neo-Nationalism?
	References
Part I Policies
2 Neo-Nationalism and Language Policy in the United States: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Public Discourse Advocating Monolingual English Use
	Neo-Nationalism and Language
	The Study
		Purpose
		Method
		Analysis
			Candidate Statements on Language Use in the United States (2010s)
			Text of the Federal-Level English Language Unity Act (2019)
			Advocacy Statements in Support of the English Language Unity Act (2019)
			Official English Justification Statements:  Individual States (1986–2007)
			Neo-Nationalism Versus Bilingual Education (2018–2019)
			Language-in-Education Legislation: State-Level  Committee Hearings (2019)
		Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
3 The Impact of the Resurgent Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon on Language  Education and Policy
	The Role of Language in the Formation of Nationalist Movements
	Linguistic Hegemony, Language Marginalization, and Resistance
	Methods and Procedures
	Colonial Legacy as the Seed of the Anglophone Crisis
		The Partitioning of German Kamerun by Great Britain and France
		Towards Independence
		The Foumban Constitutional Conference
		Hyper-Centralization of Power Erodes the Dreams of Anglophones
		Unconstitutional Name Change from the Federal Republic of Cameroon to the Republic of Cameroon
	The Anglophone Crisis (2016–2019)
		Linguistic Marginalization and Frenchification of the Anglo-Saxon Legal System
		Frenchification of the Anglo-Saxon  System of Education
		The Resurgence of Armed Conflict
	Impact of the Armed Conflict on Language Policy and Education
		Impact on Language Planning
			Sociolinguistic Reforms in the Judicial Sector
			Sociolinguistic Reforms in the Education Sector
			Enhancing Normative Production in the Two Official Languages
			Promotion of Official Languages in Cameroon
			Legal Provisions on Official Public Language Use
			Legal Provisions on Official Language-in-Education Policy
		Impact on Language-in-Education Policy
			Impact on the Special Bilingual Education Program
	Conclusion
	References
4 Civic Nationalism and Language-in-Education Policies in the United Arab Emirates
	Description of Context
	Citizenship Laws
	National and Cultural Identity
	Divisions Across Ethnicities and Nationalities
	Emiratization
	Civic Nationalism and Education
	Civic Nationalism and Higher Education
	Civic Nationalism and Language Teaching
	Conclusion
	References
5 Colombia’s Language Politics: Neoliberalism Under the Guise of Messianic Nationalism
	Our Conceptual Lens
	Our Methodology: Duo-Ethnography
	Our Conversation
		The Legitimization of a Restrictive Understanding of Bilingualism
		Learning English as Personal Entrepreneurship for the Neoliberal Job Market
		Neoliberalism as Messianic Nationalism
		The Exacerbation of Favorable Conditions for Exploitation
		A Critical Examination of Teacher-Learners’  Beliefs and Imaginaries
	Revisiting Our Conceptual Framework and Concluding Remarks
	References
6 The Voices of Vietnamese Nationalism and Informal Discourse in Language Policy
	Nationalism: The State, Everyday People, and New Meanings Over Time
	The Evolution of Vietnamese Nationalism
	Nationalism as an Ongoing Social Process in Everyday Encounters
	Overview of Everyday Nationalism on Quora Digest
		Pride
		Mixed and Nuanced Inferiority
		Balanced Views About Vietnam as a Nation
	Language and Manifestations of Nationalism
		Language as Pride and Cultural Appreciation
		Multilingualism and Language as Unity
	Implications for Language Policy and Education
	References
Part II Practices
7 The Role of Language in Social Media During the European Migrant Crisis
	Right-Wing Discourses and Counter-Discourses in Social Media
	Theoretical Framework, Data Collection and Analysis
	Findings
		#BerlinAttack: Features of Right-Wing Discourses
		Semiotic and Multimodal Resources
		#BerlinAttack: Features of Counter-Discourses
	Discussion and Conclusion
	References
8 Ideologies of Pluriculturalism and Neo-Nationalism in EFL Classrooms in Poland: An Exploratory Study of Teachers’ Self-Reports
	Literature Review
		Nationalism and Neo-Nationalism in Poland
		Nationalism and Foreign Language Teaching
	Current Exploratory Study
		Data Collection
		Participants
		Data Analysis
		Limitations
	Results
		Teachers’ Beliefs About the Role of Language and Culture in EFL Education
		Students’ Attitudes Toward Cultural Diversity
		Interactions Between Cultural Diversity and Nationalism in EFL Classrooms
	Discussion and Implications
		Practical Challenges in Teaching Intercultural Competence and Openness to Diversity in EFL Courses in Poland
		Challenges Stemming from Stakeholders’ Attitudes Toward Foreign Cultures
		The Role of Nationalism and Cultural Education in Poland
	Conclusion
	References
9 From “Sick Man” to Strong Man: The Changing Role of English Language Teaching in China in an Era of Rising Nationalism and Global Ambitions
	A Brief History of English in China
		Empire, Colonialization, and Revolution: 1664–1979
		The “Third Wave” of English: 1980–2012
	China Southern University: A Case Study of the “Third Wave” of English Learning and Rising Nationalism in China
		CSU’s Program for College English: A New Model for ELT in China
		Trip to the Cultural Revolution Museum
		Rising Nationalism at CSU
		Fear: “They Would Just Remain Utterly Silent”
		Pride: “We Still Play the Role that  We Have Been Playing”
	Conclusion: Which Way Will the Wave Break?
	References
10 Nationalism, Redemptive and Banal, in Canadian ESL Textbooks and Citizenship Study Guides
	Banal Nationalism
		Banal Nationalism in ESL Textbooks
		Teaching Banal Nationalism
	Imagined Community and Legitimations of Nation
		Canada the Redeemer
		Canadians as Valuing Diversity
		Conformity Authorization
		Racism and Its Denial
		Great Canadians: Gendered and Racialized Greatness
		Stories About “You”
		Immigrant Success Stories
		Immigrant Voices
	Conclusion
	References
11 Remix Nationalism and Critical Language Education
	Militarist Remix Nationalism
	Teaching the Sociolinguistics of Struggle
	“Soft” Nationalisms and Regional Remix Strategies
	Building Critical Affective Literacies: Exploring Remix in an EAP Course
	Conclusion
	References
12 Afterword: Towards a Nation-Conscious Applied Linguistics Practice
	Nationalism and Race
	Nationalism and English
	Teacher Education and Other Higher Education
	Ideologies and Models of Language Education
	Conclusion
	References
Index