Applied Heterogeneous Catalysis: Design, Manufacture, and Use of Solid Catalysts

Foreword......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 11
1.1. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS: DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE......Page 21
1.2. MECHANISMS OF CONTACT CATALYSIS......Page 23
1 .4. CATALYSTS AND CATALYTIC PROCESSES......Page 34
2. 1 . ADSORPTION......Page 36
2.2. CHEMICAL KINETICS IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS......Page 41
2.3. THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL KINETICS. TRANSFER PHENOMENA AT GRANULE LEVEL......Page 52
2.4. IDENTIFYING THE LIMITING STEP OF A CATALYTIC ACTION......Page 60
3. 1 . CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A CATALYST......Page 68
3.2. ANALYZING THE CATALYTIC REACTION......Page 69
3.3. SELECTING THE ACTIVE CATALYST......Page 70
3.4. CONCLUSION
......Page 84
4. 1 . PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL CATALYSTS......Page 86
4.2. THE IDEAL CATALYST AND THE OPTIMUM CATALYST......Page 89
4.3. CATALYST DEVELOPMENT......Page 90
5.1. GENERAL......Page 94
5.2. PREPARATION OF BULK CATALYSTS: UNIT OPERATIONS AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES......Page 98
5.3. CATALYSTS IMPREGNATED ON PREEXISTING SUPPORTS......Page 125
5.4. CONCLUSION......Page 141
6. Measuring 
the properties of catalysts......Page 143
6.1. DETERMINING CATALYTIC PROPERTIES......Page 144
6.2. DETERMINING MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 174
6.3. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES......Page 187
6.4. INDUSTRIAL EXPERIMENTATION......Page 203
7. Study of the physico-chemical characteristics of the catalytic solid......Page 205
7.1. ELEMENTARY COMPOSITION OF CATALYSTS......Page 207
7.2. THE NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF CHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN A CATALYST......Page 213
7.3. TEXTURE OF A CATALYST......Page 218
7.4. THE QUALITY OF THE ACTIVE SURFACE......Page 237
7.5. ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF CATALYSTS......Page 246
7.6. CONCLUSION......Page 253
8. Designing catalytic reactors......Page 256
8.2. REACTOR DESIGN......Page 257
9. Practical examples
......Page 304
E1.1. ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM......Page 308
E
1.2. DEVELOPING THE CATALYST......Page 312
E1.3. USE OF THE CATALYST......Page 319
E2.1
. ANALYSIS......Page 328
E2.2. DEVELOPING THE CATALYST......Page 331
E2.3. USING THE CATALYST......Page 340
E3.1. ANALYSIS OF THE REACTION......Page 346
E3.2. CHOOSING THE ACTIVE AGENT......Page 351
E3.3. KINETICS OF DIOLEFIN HYDROGENATION......Page 352
E3.4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATALYST......Page 360
E3.5. DIVERSIFYING THE CATALYTIC FORMULAS......Page 366
E3.6. PUTTING THE CATALYST TO USE......Page 367
E4.1. THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF HYDROREFINING......Page 373
E4.2 SELECTING THE ACTIVE AGENTS......Page 376
E4.3. THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF HYDROREFINING......Page 382
E4.4. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACTIVE PHASES......Page 417
E4.5. PREPARATION OF THE CATALYSTS......Page 429
E4.6. OPERATIONAL USE OF HYDROREFINING CATALYSTS......Page 436
E5.1. LUBE-OILS......Page 451
E5.2. ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROTREATING PROBLEM......Page 461
E5.3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATALYST......Page 464
E5.4. PUTTING THE CATALYST TO USE......Page 471
E5.5. THE RECENT PROCESS FOR LUBE-OIL PRODUCTION......Page 475
E6. Catalytic reforming......Page 483
E6.1. ANALYSIS OF THE REACTION......Page 484
E6.2. ACTIVE SPECIES......Page 492
E6.3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATALYST......Page 499
E6.4. PUTTING THE CATALYST INTO USE......Page 510
E6.5. IMPROVEMENTS......Page 515
E6.6. CONCLUSION......Page 523
Subject index
......Page 525