Applied biostatistics for the health sciences

APPLIED BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES
PREFACE
Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATISTICS
	1.1 What is Biostatistics
	1.2 Populations, Samples, and Statistics
		1.2.1 The Basic Biostatistical Terminology
		1.2.2 Biomedical Studies
		1.2.3 Observational Studies Versus Experiments
	1.3 Clinical Trials
		1.3.1 Safety and Ethical Considerations in a Clinical Trial
		1.3.2 Types of Clinical Trials
		1.3.3 The Phases of a Clinical Trial
	1.4 Data Set Descriptions
		1.4.1 Birth Weight Data Set
		1.4.2 Body Fat Data Set
		1.4.3 Coronary Heart Disease Data Set
		1.4.4 Prostate Cancer Study Data Set
		1.4.5 Intensive Care Unit Data Set
		1.4.6 Mammography Experience Study Data Set
		1.4.7 Benign Breast Disease Study
		1.4.8 Exerbike Data Sets
	Glossary
	Exercises
CHAPTER 2 DESCRIBING POPULATIONS
	2.1 Populations and Variables
		2.1.1 Qualitative Variables
		2.1.2 Quantitative Variables
		2.1.3 Multivariate Data
	2.2 Population Distributions and Parameters
		2.2.1 Distributions
		2.2.2 Describing a Population with Parameters
		2.2.3 Proportions and Percentiles
		2.2.4 Parameters Measuring Centrality
		2.2.5 Measures of Dispersion
		2.2.6 The Coefficient of Variation
		2.2.7 Parameters for Bivariate Populations
	2.3 Probability
		2.3.1 Basic Probability Rules
		2.3.2 Conditional Probability
		2.3.3 Independence
		2.3.4 The Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio
	2.4 Probability Models
		2.4.1 The Binomial Probability Model
		2.4.2 The Normal Probability Model
		2.4.3 Z Scores
	Glossary
	Exercises
CHAPTER 3 RANDOM SAMPLING
	3.1 Obtaining Representative Data
		3.1.1 The Sampling Plan
		3.1.2 Probability Samples
	3.2 Commonly Used Sampling Plans
		3.2.1 Simple Random Sampling
		3.2.2 Stratified Random Sampling
		3.2.3 Cluster Sampling
		3.2.4 Systematic Sampling
	3.3 Determining the Sample Size
		3.3.1 The Sample Size for Simple and Systematic Random Samples
		3.3.2 The Sample Size for a Stratified Random Sample
	Glossary
	Exercises
CHAPTER 4 SUMMARIZING RANDOM SAMPLES
	4.1 Samples and Inferential Statistics
	4.2 Inferential Graphical Statistics
		4.2.1 Bar and Pie Charts
		4.2.2 Boxplots
		4.2.3 Histograms
		4.2.4 Normal Probability Plots
	4.3 Numerical Statistics for Univariate Data Sets
		4.3.1 Estimating Population Proportions
		4.3.2 Estimating Population Percentiles
		4.3.3 Estimating the Mean, Median, and Mode
		4.3.4 Estimating the Variance and Standard Deviation
		4.3.5 Linear Transformations
		4.3.6 The Plug-in Rule for Estimation
	4.4 Statistics for Multivariate Data Sets
		4.4.1 Graphical Statistics for Bivariate Data Sets
		4.4.2 Numerical Summaries for Bivariate Data Sets
		4.4.3 Fitting Lines to Scatterplots
	Glossary
	Exercises
CHAPTER 5 MEASURING THE RELIABILITY OF STATISTICS
	5.1 Sampling Distributions
		5.1.1 Unbiased Estimators
		5.1.2 Measuring the Accuracy of an Estimator
		5.1.3 The Bound on the Error of Estimation
	5.2 The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion
		5.2.1 The Mean and Standard Deviation of the Sampling Distribution of ˆ