Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering V: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop, Guimaraes, Portugal 1-4 April ... in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences)

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Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering......Page 2
Table of contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 8
2 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MODELING JOINTED ROCK......Page 9
3 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE JOINT STEPPING IN THE SAMPLE ON ITS STRENGTH PARAMETERS......Page 13
4 SHALLOW TUNNEL IN JOINTED ROCK......Page 16
REFERENCES......Page 21
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 22
3.1 Governing equations......Page 23
4.1 Sinusoidal aperture variation......Page 25
4.3 Method of solution......Page 26
4.4 1-D results and comparison......Page 28
5 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF FLOW IN MEASURED APERTURE OF ROCK JOINT......Page 30
5.3 Comparison of 2-D model to experimental results......Page 31
5.5 Significance of the inertia terms......Page 34
5.6 Hydraulic conductivity......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 36
2 LIMIT ANALYSIS......Page 38
2.2 Yield function......Page 39
2.3 Flow rule......Page 40
2.6 The mathematical programming problem......Page 41
2.8 Application......Page 42
3.1 General considerations......Page 43
3.2 Theory......Page 45
3.3 Elastic formulation......Page 46
3.4 Elastoplastic formulation......Page 48
3.6 Validation......Page 51
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 56
REFERENCES......Page 57
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 59
2.1 Capillary pressure-saturation relationship......Page 60
2.2 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions......Page 62
3 NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS......Page 63
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 68
2 SCHEME AND CONSTITUTIVE RELATION......Page 69
4 NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS......Page 70
4.2 Effects of post-peak brittleness on failure mode......Page 73
4.3.1 Stress-axial strain curves......Page 74
4.3.4 Volumetric strain-axial strain curve......Page 75
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
2 OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY......Page 79
2.2 Iterative algorithm......Page 80
3 CONSTITUTIVE MODEL......Page 81
4 SENSIVITY ANALYSYS......Page 82
5 EXAMPLE......Page 83
REFERENCES......Page 86
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 87
2.2 Material models......Page 89
2.3.1 Size effect, intact rock mass......Page 90
2.3.2 Size effects, discontinuities......Page 92
4 INCLUSION OF GEOLOGY INTO A NUMERICAL MODEL......Page 98
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 102
2.1 Equations of two phase saturated media (ZSOIL 1985–2007, Truty & et al. 2006)......Page 103
3.1 One dimensional consolidation test......Page 105
3.2 Slope instability due to rain......Page 107
3.3 Case study: the M2 subway extension in Lausanne......Page 108
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 113
1.2 Identification criteria......Page 114
1.3 Minimization algorithms......Page 115
1.6 Result analysis......Page 116
2 REFERENCE PROBLEM......Page 118
REFERENCES......Page 123
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 124
2.1 The optimization software, SiDoLo......Page 125
3.1.1 Presentation of the tunnel......Page 126
3.1.2 Numerical model......Page 127
3.1.3 Experimental results......Page 128
3.1.4 Unknown parameters......Page 129
3.2.1 Presentation of the powerhouse cavern......Page 130
3.2.2 Numerical model......Page 131
3.2.3 Experimental results......Page 132
4.1.1 Comparisons between the two methods......Page 133
4.1.2 Influence of the error function......Page 135
4.1.3 Influence of the population size......Page 136
4.2.1 Identifications with SiDoLo......Page 137
5 CONCLUSION......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 141
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 142
3 FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION......Page 143
5.1 Results obtained with the variable permeability method......Page 144
5.2 Results obtained with the permeability function method......Page 146
REFERENCES......Page 147
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 148
2 KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES AND DATA MINING......Page 149
3.2 Modelling and Evaluation......Page 150
4.1 RMR index......Page 153
4.2 Q index......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 158
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 160
2.1 Data and information storage capabilities......Page 161
2.2 Visual inspection......Page 162
2.3 Enhanced analysis capabilities......Page 163
2.5 Intelligent interfaces......Page 164
3.1 System background......Page 165
3.3 gestBarragens modules......Page 166
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 167
REFERENCES......Page 169
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 170
2 FORMALIZATION OF ROCK MASS MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 171
3 IDENTIFICATION OF ROCKS ON THE USING THE THEORY OF FUZZY SETS......Page 172
4 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGINEERING ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION......Page 173
5 NOMOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION FOR THE ENGINEERING ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION......Page 174
REFERENCES......Page 177
2 LARGE DIAMETER SHAFTS CAN ACCOMMODATE A METRO STATION......Page 178
3.1 General design and construction aspects......Page 179
3.3 Modelling results and comparison with construction behavior......Page 180
4.2 Modelling Approach......Page 182
4.3 Critical elements for excavation stability......Page 183
REFERENCES......Page 184
1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS......Page 185
2.1 Stereographic projection......Page 187
2.5 Criteria for Defining the Overstressed Zones......Page 188
3.1.1 Assessment of overall stability......Page 189
3.1.2 Mine sequence......Page 190
3.2 Instrumentation......Page 191
4 FINAL REMARKS......Page 193
REFERENCES......Page 194
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 195
2.2 Geotechnical survey and monitoring plan......Page 196
3 NUMERICAL MODELLING......Page 199
REFERENCES......Page 204
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 206
2 MODEL IDEALIZATION AND COMPUTATION......Page 207
3.1 Unlined tunnel......Page 208
3.2 Lined tunnel......Page 210
3.3 Comparing the results with field data......Page 212
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 215
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 216
2 IDENTIFICATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES......Page 217
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS......Page 218
4.2 Finite element mesh......Page 219
4.3 Initial state of stress and constitutive laws......Page 220
5 3D NUMERICAL ANALYSES RESULTS......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 228
2.1 Definition of the unsupported length parameter......Page 230
3.1 Objectives......Page 231
3.3 Geometry......Page 232
3.5 Results of the parametric analysis......Page 233
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 237
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 238
2 VALIDATION OF THE NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION......Page 241
3 APPLICATION TO THE DETERMINATION OF EARTH PRESSURES IN PURELY COHESIVE MATERIALS......Page 243
4 APPLICATION TO THE DETERMINATION OF LIMIT VERTICAL LOADS OF FLEXIBLE RETAINING WALLS......Page 244
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 246
REFERENCES......Page 247
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 248
2 MAIN MODELLING METHODS OF PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS SEALED IN THE SOIL MASS......Page 249
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE STUDY......Page 251
5 CALCULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 252
6 RE-ANALYSIS......Page 254
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 258
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 259
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE CASE......Page 260
3 RESULTS OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE CASE......Page 261
4 OVERALL STABILITY. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS......Page 264
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 267
REFERENCES......Page 269
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 270
2 NUMERICAL MODELLING......Page 271
3.1 Influence of the replacement area ratio......Page 273
3.2 Influence of the deformability of the column material......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 280
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 281
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM......Page 282
3 NUMERICAL SIMULATION......Page 283
4.1 Stress levels and excess pore pressures in the soil......Page 284
4.2 Lateral wall displacements and surface settlements......Page 286
REFERENCES......Page 289
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 291
2 TYPICAL CONDITIONS......Page 292
3 SOURCES OF DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENTS......Page 293
4.2 End support......Page 294
4.3 Dynamic traffic loads......Page 295
5.1 Test setup......Page 296
5.2 Results......Page 297
REFERENCES......Page 298
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 299
2.1 Geometry......Page 300
2.2 The embankment material......Page 301
2.4 The rigid piles......Page 302
4 PARAMETRIC STUDY......Page 303
4.1 Influence of the embankment material friction angle......Page 304
4.2 Influence of cohesion in the embankment material......Page 305
4.5 Influence of the soft soil compressibility......Page 306
5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK......Page 307
REFERENCES......Page 308
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 309
2.1 Numerical analysis methodology......Page 310
3 CONSTITUTIVE MODEL PARAMETERS......Page 311
4 NUMERICAL ANALYSES RESULTS......Page 313
REFERENCES......Page 316
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 317
2.2 Laboratory testing......Page 318
2.3 Centrifuge testing......Page 319
3 NUMERICAL ANALYSES......Page 322
4 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 323
REFERENCES......Page 324
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 326
2 HYDROMECHANICAL AND CONSTITUTIVE MODELING OF DISCONTINUITIES......Page 327
3.2 Selection of discontinuities for explicit representation......Page 328
4 SHAKING TABLE TESTS OF A GRAVITY MONOLITH ON A JOINTED FOUNDATION......Page 329
5 ARCH DAM SEISMIC ANALYSIS......Page 332
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 334
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 335
2 RELIABILITY METHODS......Page 336
4 BEARING RESISTENCE USING THE DIRECT METHOD......Page 338
5 EXAMPLE......Page 340
5.1 Design according to the EC7 (Level I)......Page 342
5.2 Reliability evaluation (Level II)......Page 343
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 344
REFERENCES......Page 345
2 GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS FORMULATION......Page 346
3 CASE STUDY......Page 348
4.1 Settlements......Page 349
4.2 Horizontal displacements......Page 350
4.3 Stress analysis......Page 351
5.1 Settlements......Page 353
5.2 Horizontal displacements......Page 354
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 355
REFERENCES......Page 356
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 357
2.1 General project information......Page 358
3 EXPERIMENTAL SURVEY......Page 359
4.2 Behaviour modelling......Page 360
4.3 Modelling results......Page 362
4.4 Influence of the substratum rigidity......Page 363
5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES......Page 364
REFERENCES......Page 365
2 FINITE ELEMENT REPRESENTATION OF REINFORCED SOIL......Page 366
2.1 Soil representation......Page 367
2.2 Reinforcement representation......Page 369
3 BEARING CAPACITY ON UNREINFORCED SOIL......Page 370
4 BEARING CAPACITY ON REINFORCED SOIL......Page 372
4.2 Reinforced foundation......Page 373
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 376
REFERENCES......Page 377
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 379
2.2 The sediment storage model......Page 380
2.3 The model for total sediment......Page 381
2.4 The model with serially correlated inflow......Page 384
2.5.1 Independent inflows......Page 385
2.5.2 Correlated inflows......Page 386
3 APPLICATION OF THE MODEL......Page 387
3.1 Independent inflows......Page 390
3.3 Comparison between results and measurements......Page 391
REFERENCES......Page 392
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 393
2 ADVECTION EQUATION......Page 394
3 TRADITIONAL NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ADVECTION PROBLEMS......Page 395
4 CIP METHOD......Page 399
REFERENCES......Page 402
2 COUPLED MODEL......Page 404
3 COUPLED METHOD SOLVED BY CIP......Page 406
4 EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION AND MODEL VALIDATION......Page 407
5 PARAMETRIC ANALYSES USING MIXED CIP-FDM SOLUTION......Page 408
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 411
REFERENCES......Page 412
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 413
2.2 Flow equations......Page 415
3 FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION......Page 416
4 SOLUTION PROCEDURES......Page 417
5.1 The Monte Carlo simulation method......Page 418
5.2 The Neumann expansion method......Page 419
5.3 The perturbation method......Page 420
6 EXAMPLES OF DETERMINISTIC ANALYSES......Page 421
6.1 Deterministic response analysis......Page 422
7 EXAMPLES OF STOCHASTIC ANALYSES......Page 423
7.1 Stochastic response analysis for a given internal pressure......Page 424
REFERENCES......Page 428
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 431
2.1 Background......Page 432
2.2.1 Presentation of the case study......Page 433
2.2.2 Simulation of Thalys HST moving at 314 km/h......Page 435
2.2.3 First set of results of accelerations at different observation points......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 442
2.1 Vehicle model......Page 443
2.2 Track model......Page 445
3.1 Simulation scenario......Page 448
4.1 Track safety......Page 449
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 452
REFERENCES......Page 453
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 454
2 GENERAL ASPECTS OF MODELLING BASED ON THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD......Page 455
3.2 One-dimensional example of validation......Page 456
4.1 Longitudinal model......Page 458
4.2 Perpendicular model......Page 460
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 464
REFERENCES......Page 465
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 466
2.1 Winkler/Kelvin foundation – moving point load......Page 467
2.2 Pasternak foundation – moving point load......Page 468
2.3 Determination of input parameters......Page 469
3.2 Comparison between experimental and analytical results......Page 471
3.3 Parametric study......Page 473
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 476
REFERENCES......Page 477