Appearances of the Good: An Essay on the Nature of Practical Reason

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Introduction......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 33
1.2 The old formula of the schools......Page 34
1.3 Intelligibility and the good......Page 39
1.4 Appearances of the good......Page 50
1.5 Perspectives......Page 54
2.1 Introduction......Page 64
2.2 General conceptions of the good and evaluation......Page 65
Value Judgments (VJ)......Page 70
2.3 Intentions......Page 78
2.4 Reasoning and practical knowledge......Page 88
2.5 Voluntary, merely intentional, and fully deliberated action......Page 102
3 The Subjective Nature of Practical Reason......Page 112
3.1 Preliminary remarks......Page 114
3.2 Object-subjectivism......Page 118
3.3 Authority-subjectivism and the protagorean approach......Page 131
3.4 Is constitutive authority necessary?......Page 144
3.5 Authority-subjectivism and self-referential appearances......Page 149
4 The Objective Nature of Practical Reason......Page 157
4.1 Formal ends and objectivity......Page 158
4.2 Objectivity in prima facie attitudes......Page 160
4.3 Objectivity in value and in appearances per se......Page 164
4.4 Objectivity in all-out attitudes......Page 173
4.5 The good versus the true......Page 188
The Plurality of Goods View......Page 189
4.6 Two kinds of objectivity......Page 196
4.7 Impersonal and personal goods......Page 203
5 Deontological Goods......Page 207
5.1 Consequentialism and deontology......Page 209
5.2 Deontological goods......Page 212
5.3 The unrestrained pursuit of the impersonal good......Page 224
5.4 Kantian deontology and the impersonal good......Page 230
6 Motivation without Evaluation?: Unintelligible Ends, Animal Behavior, and Diabolical Wills......Page 239
6.1 The scholastic view and unintelligible ends......Page 242
6.2 Do children and animals desire?......Page 252
6.3 Pursuing the bad......Page 263
7.1 The problem with akrasia......Page 269
7.2 Davidson on akrasia......Page 272
7.3 Separatist accounts of akrasia......Page 275
7.4 Descartes and theoretical akrasia......Page 280
7.5 Extending the account to practical reason......Page 286
8 Evaluation without Motivation?: The Problem of Accidie......Page 295
8.1 The problem with accidie......Page 296
8.2 Conditioning and value: happiness and virtue......Page 297
8.3 Generalizing conditioning......Page 301
8.4 Conditioning and accidie......Page 305
Bibliography......Page 311
Index......Page 321