API Textbook of Medicine

Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Contributors......Page 11
Contents......Page 26
1.01- The Practice of Medicine......Page 44
2.01- Pain-Mechanisms and Management......Page 52
2.02- Headache......Page 55
2.03- Chest Pain......Page 59
2.04- Acute Abdomen-Non-Surgical Causes......Page 63
2.05- Cough......Page 68
2.06- Haemoptysis......Page 72
2.07- Jaundice......Page 75
2.08- Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 82
2.09- Fever of Unknown Origin......Page 85
2.10- Generalised Lymphadenopathy......Page 90
2.11- Dizziness and Vertigo......Page 92
2.12- Syncope......Page 96
2.13- Coma......Page 100
3.01- Conventional Radiology......Page 106
3.02- Ultrasound in Medicine......Page 121
3.03- Computed Tomography......Page 127
3.04- MRI in Medicine......Page 134
3.05- Nuclear Imaging......Page 143
3.06- Positron Emission Tomography......Page 156
4.01- Introduction and Scope of Clinical Pharmacology......Page 162
4.02- Rational Use of Drugs......Page 166
4.03- Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance......Page 168
4.04- Prescribing in Special Situations......Page 171
4.05- New Drug Development......Page 176
4.06- Pharmacoeconomics......Page 178
5.01- An Overview of the Immune System......Page 180
5.02- General Concepts of Immunoinflammatory Disorders......Page 189
5.03- Immunology of Infectious Diseases......Page 192
5.04- Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders-A Clinical Approach......Page 194
5.05- Laboratory Investigations in Immune-Mediated Diseases......Page 198
5.06- Pharmacological Manipulation of the Immune System......Page 202
5.07- Immunology of Organ and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 207
6.01- Introduction to Medical Genetics......Page 212
6.02- Mendel and Beyond......Page 216
6.03- Clinical and Molecular Cytogenetics......Page 223
6.04- Genetic Tests......Page 232
6.05- Inborn Errors of Metabolism......Page 236
6.06- Molecular Genetics, Human Genome Project and Genomic Medicine......Page 244
6.07- Gene Therapy......Page 249
6.08- Genetic Counselling and Prenatal Diagnosis......Page 252
6.09- Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine......Page 258
6.10- Cancer Genetics......Page 260
7.01- Basic Considerations in Critical Care......Page 266
7.02- Monitoring of Critically Ill Patients......Page 270
7.03- Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Health and Disease......Page 275
7.04- Acid-Base Disorders......Page 282
7.05- Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients......Page 289
7.06- Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 294
7.07- Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome......Page 299
7.08- Mechanical Ventilation......Page 306
7.09- Non-Invasive Ventilation......Page 314
7.10- Hypotension and Shock......Page 320
7.11- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation......Page 325
7.12- Brain Death and Support of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor......Page 332
8.01- Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease......Page 336
8.02- Investigations and Diagnosis of Bone Disorders......Page 342
8.03- Rickets and Osteomalacia......Page 348
8.04- Osteoporosis......Page 352
8.05- Developmental Disorders of Bone......Page 356
8.06- Miscellaneous Bone Disorders......Page 359
9.01- Epidemiology and Basic Considerations of Diabetes......Page 362
9.02- Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 367
9.03- Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 370
9.04- Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 374
9.05- Lifestyle Modifications in Management of Diabetes......Page 379
9.06- Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs......Page 382
9.07- Insulin Therapy......Page 386
9.08- Newer Modalities of Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 390
9.09- In-Hospital Management of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 393
9.10- Hypoglycaemia......Page 397
9.11- Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State and Lactic Acidosis......Page 402
9.12- Infections in Diabetes Mellitus......Page 407
9.13- Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes......Page 411
9.14- Microvascular Diseases-Pathogenesis of Chronic Complications......Page 415
9.15- Diabetes and Kidney Disease......Page 418
9.16- Diabetic Retinopathy......Page 420
9.17- Diabetic Neuropathy......Page 425
9.18- Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetes......Page 428
9.19- The Diabetic Foot......Page 430
9.20- Diabetes and Pregnancy......Page 433
9.21- Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 436
10.01- Basic Considerations of Endocrinology......Page 440
10.02- Endocrine Disorders-A Clinical Approach......Page 446
10.03- Disorders of Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland......Page 450
10.04- Disorders of Anterior Pituitary......Page 453
10.05- Disorders of Posterior Pituitary......Page 460
10.06- Disorders of Thyroid Glands......Page 462
10.07- Disorders of Parathyroid Glands......Page 473
10.08- Disorders of Adrenal Glands......Page 476
10.09- Disorders of Puberty......Page 485
10.10- Disorders of Growth and Development......Page 489
10.11- Disorders of Gonads......Page 495
11.01- Introduction and Principles of Diagnosis in Dermatology......Page 504
11.02- Cutaneous Infections......Page 513
11.03- Infestations and Insect Bites......Page 518
11.04- Eczemas......Page 523
11.05- Drug Reactions......Page 530
11.06- Abnormal Vascular Responses......Page 534
11.07- Papulosquamous Disorders......Page 537
11.08- Autoimmune Bullous Disorders......Page 541
11.09- Disorders of Pigmentation......Page 544
11.10- Disorders of Skin Appendages......Page 550
11.11- Cutaneous Responses to Physical Factors......Page 555
11.12- Genodermatoses......Page 558
11.13- Skin in Connective Tissue Diseases......Page 563
11.14- Skin in Systemic Diseases......Page 569
11.15- Leprosy......Page 577
11.16- Sexually Transmitted Infections......Page 584
11.17- Premalignant Conditions and Malignant Tumours of the Skin......Page 589
11.18- Therapy of Dermatological Diseases......Page 592
12.01- Basic Considerations in Cardiology......Page 598
12.02- Cardiovascular Diseases-A Clinical Approach......Page 604
12.03- Electrocardiology......Page 613
12.04- Exercise Testing......Page 623
12.05- Echocardiography......Page 628
12.06- Cardiac Imaging......Page 638
12.07- Nuclear Cardiology......Page 648
12.08- Cardiac Catheterisation and Angiocardiography......Page 653
12.09- Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disorders......Page 658
12.10- Heart Failure......Page 664
12.11- Heart Failure Management......Page 667
12.12- Acute Rheumatic Fever......Page 672
12.13- Valvular Heart Disease (I)......Page 680
12.14- Valvular Heart Disease (II)......Page 686
12.15- Infective Endocarditis......Page 695
12.16- Atherosclerosis......Page 704
12.17- Ischaemic Heart Disease......Page 709
12.18- Acute Coronary Syndrome......Page 716
12.19- Acute Myocardial Infarction......Page 720
12.20- Hypertension......Page 728
12.21- Management of Hypertension......Page 734
12.22- Secondary Hypertension......Page 741
12.23- Bradyarrythmias......Page 745
12.24- Tachyarrhythmias......Page 750
12.25- Sudden Cardiac Death......Page 756
12.26- Congenital Heart Disease......Page 759
12.27- Heart in Systemic Disease......Page 767
12.28- Disorders of Myocardium......Page 771
12.29- Diseases of the Pericardium......Page 780
12.30- Surgical Management of Heart Disease......Page 789
12.31- Diseases of the Aorta......Page 793
12.32- Vascular Disorders of the Extremities......Page 800
12.33- Pregnancy and Heart Disease......Page 807
13.01- Clinical Approach-Gastrointestinal Disorders......Page 812
13.02- Investigations-Gastrointestinal Disorders......Page 817
13.03- Endoscopy-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility......Page 820
13.04- Diarrhoea and Malabsorption......Page 825
13.05- Constipation-Diagnosis and Management......Page 830
13.06- Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 834
13.07- Oesophageal Disorders......Page 842
13.08- Diseases of the Stomach and Duodenum......Page 849
13.09- Diseases of the Pancreas......Page 856
13.10- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders......Page 862
13.11- Abdominal Tuberculosis......Page 866
13.12- Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 872
13.13- Ischaemic Bowel Disorders......Page 877
13.14- Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Systemic Diseases......Page 880
14.01- Basic Considerations of Hepatobiliary Disorders......Page 884
14.02- Hepatobiliary Disorders-A Clinical Approach......Page 889
14.03- Hepatobiliary Disorders-Investigations......Page 894
14.04- Hepatobiliary Disorders-Imaging......Page 898
14.05- Acute Viral Hepatitis......Page 905
14.06- Chronic Viral Hepatitis......Page 910
14.07- Chronic Non-Viral Hepatitis......Page 913
14.08- Alcoholic Liver Disease......Page 916
14.09- Cirrhosis of the Liver......Page 921
14.10- Extra-Hepatic Portal Venous Obstruction......Page 926
14.11- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease......Page 928
14.12- Acute Liver Failure......Page 931
14.13- Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Liver......Page 935
14.14- Parasitic Diseases of the Liver......Page 938
14.15- Toxic and Drug Induced Liver Injury......Page 941
14.16- Liver Transplantation......Page 942
14.17- Pregnancy and Liver Disease......Page 944
14.18- Liver in Systemic Disease......Page 948
14.19- Tumours of the Liver......Page 951
14.20- Diseases of Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract......Page 954
15.01- Haematopoiesis......Page 958
15.02- Anaemia-A Clinical Approach......Page 965
15.03- Splenomegaly-A Clinical Approach......Page 969
15.04- Iron Deficiency Anaemia......Page 971
15.05- Megaloblastic Anaemia......Page 976
15.06- Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemia......Page 981
15.07- Acquired Haemolytic Anaemia......Page 990
15.08- Aplastic Anaemia......Page 995
15.09- Acute Leukaemia......Page 999
15.10- Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia and Other Myeloproliferative Disorders......Page 1006
15.11- Myelodysplastic Syndromes......Page 1009
15.12- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia......Page 1013
15.13- Lymphoid Neoplasms......Page 1017
15.14- Plasma Cell Dyscrasias......Page 1022
15.15- Bleeding Disorders......Page 1027
15.16- Platelet Disorders......Page 1030
15.17- Disorders of Coagulation......Page 1033
15.18- Hypercoagulable Disorders......Page 1039
15.19- Transfusion Medicine......Page 1043
15.20- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 1047
16.01- Epidemiology......Page 1054
16.02- Virology, Immunology and Diagnosis......Page 1057
16.03- Pathophysiology and Clinical Features......Page 1060
16.04- Antiretroviral Therapy......Page 1066
16.05- Drug Resistance......Page 1069
16.06- Non-Opportunistic Infections......Page 1072
16.07- Opportunistic Infections......Page 1075
16.08- Non-Pharmacologic Interventions and Prevention......Page 1079
17.01- Basic Considerations of Infections......Page 1082
A. General Considerations......Page 1085
17.02- Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections......Page 1087
17.03- Syndromic Approach to Infectious Diseases......Page 1091
17.04- Anti-Microbial Therapy-An Overview......Page 1094
17.05- Infections in the Immunocompromised Host......Page 1101
17.06- Hospital Acquired Infections Nosocomial Infections......Page 1103
17.07- Prevention of Health Care Associated Infections......Page 1106
17.08- Hospital Infection Control......Page 1110
17.09- Staphylococcal Infections......Page 1112
17.10- Streptococcal Infections......Page 1115
17.11- Pneumococcal Infections......Page 1117
17.12- Meningococcal Infections......Page 1120
17.13- Gonococcal Infections......Page 1123
17.14- Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever)......Page 1126
17.15- Bacillary Dysentery......Page 1129
17.16- Cholera......Page 1131
17.17- Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli......Page 1133
17.18- Haemophilus Influenzae Infections......Page 1137
17.19- Legionnaires Disease......Page 1140
17.20- Plague and Other Yersinia Infections......Page 1142
17.21- Clostridial Infections......Page 1145
17.22- Diphtheria......Page 1150
17.23- Pertusis-Whooping Cough......Page 1152
17.24- Syphilis......Page 1154
17.25- Non-Syphilitic Treponematoses......Page 1158
17.26- Leptospirosis......Page 1160
17.27- Lyme Disease, Rat Bite Fever, and Other Spirochaetal Infections......Page 1163
17.28- Anaerobic Infections......Page 1165
17.29- Atypical Mycobacteria......Page 1167
17.30- Brucellosis......Page 1168
17.31- Donovanosis......Page 1170
17.32- Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis......Page 1172
17.33- Bartonella Infections......Page 1175
17.34- Melioidosis......Page 1177
17.35- Rickettsial Infections......Page 1178
17.36- Chlamydial Infections......Page 1181
17.37- Mycoplasma Infections......Page 1184
17.38- Basic Considerations of Viral Diseases......Page 1186
17.39- Herpes Virus Infections......Page 1191
17.40- Human Papilloma Virus and Parvovirus Infections......Page 1194
17.41- Bird Flu and Swine Flu......Page 1198
17.42- Dengue......Page 1201
17.43- Ebola and Marburg Infections......Page 1204
17.44- Japanese Encephalitis......Page 1206
17.45- Rabies......Page 1209
17.46- Viral Gastroenteritis......Page 1213
17.47- Mumps......Page 1214
17.48- Measles (Rubeola)......Page 1215
17.49- Smallpox......Page 1217
17.50- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis and Other Arena Virus Infections......Page 1218
17.51- Prion Diseases......Page 1219
17.52- Malaria......Page 1220
17.53- Amoebiasis and Giardiasis......Page 1228
17.54- Leishmaniasis......Page 1231
17.55- Toxoplasmosis......Page 1235
17.56- Trypanosomiasis......Page 1238
17.57- Cryptosporidiosis, Trichomoniasis, Balantidiasis and Isosporiasis......Page 1241
17.58- Ankylostomiasis, Ascariasis and Other Nematodal Infestations......Page 1243
17.59- Tapeworm and Hydatid Diseases......Page 1250
17.60- Filariasis and Other Related Infestations......Page 1254
17.61- Schistosomiasis Bilharziasis......Page 1259
17.62- Systemic Fungal Infections......Page 1261
17.63- Pneumocystis Jirovecii Infections......Page 1267
18.01- Basic Considerations of Metabolism......Page 1270
18.02- Inborn Errors of Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 1272
18.03- Lipids and Lipoprotein Metabolism......Page 1275
18.04- Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism......Page 1283
18.05- Iron Metabolism and Iron Overload Syndrome......Page 1286
18.06- The Porphyrias......Page 1296
18.07- Wilsons Disease......Page 1300
18.08- Lysosomal Storage Disorders......Page 1306
18.09- Inherited Disorders of Membrane Transport......Page 1309
18.10- Amyloidosis......Page 1314
18.11- Disorders of Adipose Tissue and Obesity......Page 1318
18.12- Metabolic Syndrome......Page 1322
19.01- Kidney-Structure and Functions......Page 1324
19.02- Kidney Disease-A Clinical Approach......Page 1329
19.03- Acute Kidney Injury......Page 1334
19.04- Chronic Kidney Disease......Page 1338
19.05- Primary Glomerular Diseases......Page 1345
19.06- Secondary Glomerular Diseases......Page 1353
19.07- Urinary Tract Infections......Page 1359
19.08- Nephrolithiasis and Urinary Tract Obstruction......Page 1362
19.09- Vascular Injury to Kidney......Page 1366
19.10- Polycystic Kidney Disease and Inherited Tubular Disorders......Page 1370
19.11- Dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure......Page 1376
19.12- Renal Transplantation......Page 1382
20.01- Basic Considerations in Neurology......Page 1386
20.02- Neurological Disorders-A Clinical Approach......Page 1394
20.03- Clinical Neurophysiology......Page 1400
20.04- Neuroimaging......Page 1407
20.05- Epilepsy......Page 1414
20.06- Disorders of Speech......Page 1426
20.07- Disorders of Cranial Nerves......Page 1433
20.08- Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Diseases......Page 1444
20.09- Haemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Diseases......Page 1454
20.10- Cerebrovenous Thrombotic Disorder......Page 1461
20.11- Bacterial Meningitis and Brain Abscess......Page 1465
20.12- Neurotuberculosis......Page 1471
20.13- Neurosyphilis......Page 1477
20.14- Acute Viral Infections of Central Nervous System......Page 1480
20.15- Slow Virus Infections and Prion Diseases......Page 1486
20.16- Fungal and Parasitic Diseases of Nervous System......Page 1489
20.17- Raised Intra-Cranial Pressure and Hydrocephalus......Page 1494
20.18- Dementia......Page 1497
20.19- Extrapyramidal Disorders......Page 1502
20.20- Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders......Page 1507
20.21- Cerebellar Disorders......Page 1511
20.22- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases......Page 1520
20.23- Demyelinating Diseases of Nervous System......Page 1525
20.24- Nutritional and Toxic Disorders of the Nervous System......Page 1533
20.25- Metabolic Disorders of Nervous System......Page 1539
20.26- Intra-Cranial Space Occupying Lesions......Page 1548
20.27- Head Injury......Page 1554
20.28- Myelopathies......Page 1561
20.29- Peripheral Neuropathy......Page 1572
20.30- Disorders of Autonomic Nervous System......Page 1583
20.31- Myasthenia Gravis......Page 1586
20.32- Diseases of Muscles......Page 1589
21.01- Basic Considerations of Oncology......Page 1598
21.02- Principles of Cancer Biology and Pathology......Page 1604
21.03- Cancer Screening and Prevention......Page 1608
21.04- Principles of Drug Treatment of Cancer......Page 1611
21.05- Principles of Radiotherapy......Page 1619
21.06- Head and Neck Cancers......Page 1622
21.07- Breast Cancer......Page 1624
21.08- Tracheobronchial and Lung Cancers......Page 1629
21.09- Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Stomach and Oesophagus)......Page 1637
21.10- Colorectal Cancer......Page 1641
21.11- Genitourinary Cancers......Page 1644
21.12- Gynaecological Malignancies......Page 1649
21.13- Soft Tissue Sarcomas......Page 1656
21.14- Cancer of Unknown Primary Site......Page 1659
21.15- Paraneoplastic Syndromes......Page 1665
21.16- Cancers in the Predisposed Host......Page 1669
21.17- Oncological Emergencies......Page 1672
21.18- Supportive Care in Cancer......Page 1675
22.01- Basic Considerations in Psychiatry......Page 1678
22.02- Anxiety Disorders......Page 1683
22.03- Bipolar Mood Disorders......Page 1688
22.04- Somatoform Disorders......Page 1692
22.05- Psychotic Disorders and Schizophrenia......Page 1695
22.06- Delirium, Dementia and Other Cognitive Disorders......Page 1700
22.07- Substance Related Disorders......Page 1704
22.08- Psychiatric Emergencies......Page 1713
22.09- Psychotherapy......Page 1717
22.10- Biological and Somatic Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders......Page 1721
23.01- Respiratory System-Structure and Functions......Page 1728
23.02- Pulmonary Disorders-A Clinical Approach......Page 1733
23.03- Pulmonary Disorders-Diagnostic Procedures......Page 1738
23.04- Upper Respiratory Tract Infections......Page 1744
23.05- Bronchial Asthma......Page 1747
23.06- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......Page 1754
23.07- Pneumonia......Page 1762
23.08- Suppurative Pleuro-Pulmonary Diseases......Page 1769
23.09- Pulmonary Tuberculosis......Page 1777
23.10- Fungal Infections of Lungs......Page 1783
23.11- Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease......Page 1788
23.12- Eosinophilic Lung Disease and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia......Page 1794
23.13- Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases......Page 1797
23.14- Sarcoidosis......Page 1801
23.15- Sleep Related Breathing Disorders......Page 1807
23.16- Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis......Page 1810
23.17- Diseases of Pleura, Mediastinum, Diaphragm and Chest Wall......Page 1817
23.18- Atelectasis and Pulmonary Fibrosis......Page 1827
23.19- Benign and Malignant Tracheobronchial Tumours......Page 1833
23.20- Cor Pulmonale......Page 1841
24.01- Basic Considerations of Rheumatology......Page 1846
24.02- Soft Tissue Rheumatism and Regional Rheumatic Pain Syndromes......Page 1851
24.03- Low Backache......Page 1856
24.04- Osteoarthritis......Page 1861
24.05- Gout and Other Crystal Arthritides......Page 1865
24.06- Rheumatoid Arthritis......Page 1872
24.07- Spondarthritides......Page 1887
24.08- Sjogrens Syndrome......Page 1894
24.09- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus......Page 1896
24.10- Antiphospholipid Syndrome......Page 1903
24.11- Systemic Sclerosis......Page 1906
24.12- The Vasculitides......Page 1910
24.13- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Overlap Syndromes......Page 1919
24.14- Inflammatory Muscle Diseases......Page 1922
24.15- Rheumatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases......Page 1926
24.16- Miscellaneous Rheumatic Disorders......Page 1929
24.17- Emergencies in Rheumatology......Page 1934
25.01- Nutrition-Basic Considerations......Page 1938
25.02- Assessment of Nutritional Status......Page 1943
25.03- Protein Energy Malnutrition......Page 1947
25.04- Water Soluble Vitamins......Page 1952
25.05- Fat Soluble Vitamins......Page 1956
25.06- Minerals, Trace Elements and Antioxidants......Page 1960
25.07- Food Allergy and Food Intolerance......Page 1965
25.08- Eating Disorders......Page 1967
25.09- Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition......Page 1970
26.01- Poisoning-Basic Considerations and Epidemiology......Page 1976
26.02- Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning......Page 1979
26.03- Organophosphorous Poisoning......Page 1982
26.04- Corrosive Poisoning......Page 1984
26.05- Alcohol Poisoning......Page 1987
26.06- Plant Poisoning......Page 1990
26.07- Drug Overdose......Page 1993
26.08- Snake Bite Poisoning......Page 1998
26.09- Scorpion Sting......Page 2003
26.10- Fluorosis......Page 2008
26.11- Lathyrism......Page 2013
26.12- Epidemic Dropsy......Page 2015
26.13- Heavy Metal Poisoning......Page 2017
26.14- Miscellaneous Poisoning......Page 2026
27.01- Basic Considerations of Environmental and Occupational Diseases......Page 2032
27.02- Climate Change-Health and Disease......Page 2036
27.03- Environmental Pollution......Page 2041
27.04- Air-Borne Pollutants and Smoke-Related Hazards......Page 2044
27.05- Drowning, Near-Drowning and Submersion Injury......Page 2049
27.06- Electric Shock and Lightning Injury......Page 2051
27.07- Effects of Extremes of Temperature......Page 2054
27.08- High Altitude Medicine......Page 2060
27.09- Aviation Medicine......Page 2067
27.10- Radiation Hazards......Page 2071
27.11- Environmental Disasters......Page 2077
28.01- Geriatric Medicine......Page 2080
28.02- Sexual Medicine......Page 2085
28.03- Sports Medicine......Page 2089
28.04- Diet in Medical Diseases......Page 2093
28.05- Care of Terminally Ill......Page 2101
28.06- Exercise and Yoga in Health and Disease......Page 2104
28.07- Adult Immunisation......Page 2106
28.08- Perioperative Management......Page 2112
28.09- Law and Medicine......Page 2116
28.10- Travel Medicine......Page 2120
28.11- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine......Page 2124
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