Antipassive : Typology, Diachrony, and Related Constructions

Antipassive
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Chapter 1. The multifaceted nature of the antipassive construction
	1. Introduction
	2. Some terminological prerequisites
	3. Realization of the P argument
	4. The antipassive marker
		4.1 Variation of the antipassive marker
		4.2 Dedicatedness of the antipassive marker
		4.3 Syncretism of the antipassive marker
		4.4 (Non)-obligatoriness of the antipassive marker
	5. Functions of the antipassive construction
		5.1 Semantic and discourse-pragmatic functions
		5.2 Syntactic functions
		5.3 Stylistic functions
		5.4 General remarks on antipassive functions
	6. Productivity
	7. Related constructions
	8. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	Funding
	References
Part 1. Lexical semantics and event representation of antipassive constructions
Chapter 2. Antipassive propensities and alignment
	1. Siouan languages
	2. Haida
	3. Pomoan
	4. Iroquoian
	5. Why the ergative-antipassive association?
	6. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 3. Antipassive in the Cariban family
	1. Introduction
	2. The Cariban detransitivized construction
		2.1 Categorizing detransitivized verbs
		2.2 Methodological questions
	3. Attested types of antipassive with the detransitivizer
		3.1 Antipassives with a nontopical P
		3.2 A radical type of antipassive: The apatientive
		3.3 The “locative” P
		3.4 Idiosyncratic antipassives
	4. Conclusion: Is this an ‘antipassive’ and how could it become (a better) one?
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 4. Aspect and modality in Pama-Nyungan antipassives
	1. Introduction
	2. Morphosyntactic properties of Pama-Nyungan antipassives
		2.1 Case
		2.2 Verb marking
		2.3 The antipassive object
		2.4 Exclusions
	3. Data from Pama-Nyungan languages
		3.1 Kalkatungu
		3.2 Warrongo
		3.3 Guugu Yimidhirr
		3.4 Dyirbal
		3.5 Pitta Pitta
		3.6 Mabuiag
		3.7 Kuku Yalanji
		3.8 Summary
	4. Aspectual analysis
		4.1 Parallels with imperfective aspect
		4.2 Predicate-internal aspect
		4.3 Modal approach to imperfectivity
	5. Technical implementation
	6. Alternative analyses
	7. Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 5. Antipassive constructions in Oceanic languages
	1. Introduction
	2. Object omission
	3. Different types of object incorporation
		3.1 Complete object incorporation
		3.2 Pseudo noun incorporation
		3.3 Transitivity discord
	4. Peripherization of the object
		4.1 Object peripherization in Polynesian languages
		4.2 Recessive voice
		4.3 Marking of the object to avoid ambiguity
	5. Middle derivation
		5.1 With reflexes of the POc *paRi- prefix
		5.2 “Auto-causative” constructions with POc prefix *paka-
		5.3 ‘Unergative derivation’, a type of derivation with a middle meaning
	6. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 6. Antipassive and the lexical meaning of verbs
	1. Introduction
	2. The limits of natural antipassives
		2.1 Lexical lists
		2.2 Properties
		2.3 Inanimacy of the P-argument
	3. Natural antipassives and the lexical extent of antipassives
	4. Natural antipassives and syncretic antipassive markers
	5. Languages with multiple antipassive constructions
	6. Lexicalization of antipassives
		6.1 Lexical effects of antipassivization
		6.2 Coerced agentivity
		6.3 Semantic incorporation of the P-argument
	7. Discussion
	Acknowledgements
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 7. Unspecified participant: A case of antipassive in Ainu
	1. Introduction
	2. Typological background
	3. Featuring i- as an antipassive, distinct from personal i-
		3.1 Standard use on verbs
		3.2 Extended (absolutive) use of i- on nouns and other parts of speech
	4. Synchronic properties of the antipassive i-
		4.1 Deriving antipassives
		4.2 Combinability of the antipassive i- with other voice markers
	5. Semantic profile of antipassive verbs
	6. Diachronic pathways and crosslinguistic evidence for the development of the i- antipassive
		6.1 ‘Fourth’ person markers: No parallelism between a(n)- (a)/-an (s) and i- (o)
		6.2 The diachronic source of the i- antipassive
		6.3 ‘Fourth’ person markers: What is the key function?
		6.4 Matching the antipassive i- and ‘fourth’ person i-: Cross-linguistic evidence
	7. Summary
	Abbreviations
	Source
	References
Part 2. Antipassive marking
Chapter 8. Variation in the verbal marking of antipassive constructions
	1. Introduction
	2. Segmental antipassive coding
		2.1 Syncretic and dedicated antipassivizers
		2.2 On the nature of antipassivizers
	3. Non-linear morphological antipassive coding
	4. Zero antipassive coding
	5. Diachronic sources of antipassivizers
		5.1 Reflexive and/or reciprocal markers
		5.2 Incorporation of the hypernym argument
		5.3 Agent nominalization
		5.4 Action nominalization
		5.5 Person markers
		5.6 Causative markers
	6. Summary and conclusions
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 9. Antipassive derivation in Soninke (West Mande)
	1. Introduction
	2. Some basic aspects of Soninke clause structure
		2.1 Transitive and intransitive verbal predication
		2.2 Indexation and flagging of core syntactic terms
		2.3 Alignment
		2.4 Oblique arguments
		2.5 Transitivity marking
	3. Constraints on the expression of subjects and objects, and on the intransitive use of transitive verbs
	4. The derivational suffixes involved in antipassive constructions
		4.1 The detransitivizing suffix -i
		4.2 The antipassive suffix -ndì ~ -ndí
	5. The function and semantics of antipassive derivation
	6. Antipassive and object incorporation
	7. Causativization of antipassive verbs and antipassivization of causative verbs
	8. The origin of the suffixes involved in antipassivization
	9. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 10. Explaining the antipassive-causative syncretism in Mocoví (Guaycuruan)
	1. Introduction
	2. Linguistic family and typological profile of Mocoví
		2.1 Guaycuruan family and Mocoví data
		2.2 Nominal and verbal phrases
	3. The synchrony of -aɢan
		3.1 The -aɢan antipassive
		3.2 The -aɢan causative
		3.3 The -aɢan-aɢan combination: Antipassive + causative
		3.4 Other intransitive causativizers: -aɢat and -aɢat-it
	4. The -aɢan formation and its evolution
		4.1 The nominalizer -aɢa
		4.2 The verbalizer -n and its verbal source
		4.3 The -aɢan evolutionary scenario
	5. The origin of causative and antipassive markers beyond Mocoví
	6. Conclusions
	Abbreviations and symbols
	References
Chapter 11. Polyfunctional vanka- in Nivaĉle and the antipassive category
	1. Introduction
	2. Basic facts of Nivaĉle grammar
	3. The antipassive construction
		3.1 vanka- with transitive bases
		3.2 vanka- with ditransitive bases
		3.3 The semantics of vanka- constructions
	4. Beyond the antipassive function: vanka- on intransitive stems
	5. Source of the vanka- antipassive construction
		5.1 The ka portion
		5.2 The van portion
	6. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Part 3. Diachrony of antipassive constructions
Chapter 12. The antipassive and its relationship to person markers
	1. Introduction
	2. On the diachrony of antipassives
		a. Agent nominalizations
		b. Action/result nominalization
		c. Reflexives and/or reciprocals
		d. Generic nouns
	3. Collection and analysis of the data
	4. Antipassives and person markers across macro-areas
		4.1 Africa
		4.2 Eurasia
		4.3 North America
		4.4 South America
		4.5 Pacific
		4.6 Australia
	5. Pathways
	6. Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Glosses
	Abbreviations
	References
	Appendix
Chapter 13. Antipassive derivations in Sino-Tibetan/Trans-Himalayan and their sources
	Introduction
	1. Antipassive and indefinite objects
		1.1 Agent-preserving lability
		1.2 Indefinite/generic objects
		1.3 Light verb construction
		1.4 Noun incorporation
	2. Incorporation of generic noun / indefinite element
	3. Action nominalization + denominal verbalization
	4. Reflexive/Middle
		4.1 Kiranti
		4.2 Dulong-Rawang
		4.3 Kuki-Chin
		4.4 West Himalayish
		4.5 Old Chinese
	5. Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 14. The profile and development of the Maa (Eastern Nilotic) antipassive
	1. Introduction
	2. Basic Maa morphosyntax
	3. The Maa antipassive
		3.1 Syntax and propositional semantics of the -ɪshɔ(r) construction with (di)transitive roots
		3.2 Functional profile of the -ɪshɔ(r) construction
	4. -ɪshɔ(r) with intransitive roots
	5. Origin of the Maa antipassive
		5.1 Parallels with the Maa verb root ɪshɔ(r) ‘give’
		5.2 Possible cognacy with other Nilotic antipassive(-like) morphology
	6. Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	Funding
	References
Part 4. Fuzzy boundaries
Chapter 15. Indirect antipassive in Circassian
	1. Introduction
	2. Typologically relevant features of Circassian languages
	3. The morphology of the Circassian antipassive
		3.1 Marked antipassive
		3.2 Unmarked antipassive
		3.3 The issue of directionality and formal marking
	4. Antipassive and the verbal lexicon
	5. Syntax, semantics and pragmatics of antipassivization in Circassian
	6. Typological outlook and conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 16. Antipassives in Nakh-Daghestanian languages: Exploring the margins of a construction
	1. Introduction
	2. Avar-Andic-Tsezic languages
		2.1 Godoberi
		2.2 Tsezic
		2.3 Avar
	3. Dargwa languages
		3.1 Akusha and Sanzhi Dargwa: Syntactic properties
		3.2 Akusha and Sanzhi Dargwa: Semantics and pragmatics
		3.3 Antipassives in other Dargwa languages
	4. Antipassives and other detransitivizing operations in Nakh-Daghestanian languages
	5. The main tenets of the antipassive constructions in Nakh-Daghestanian
	6. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 17. Antipassive and antipassive-like constructions in Mayan languages
	1. Introduction
	2. Background on Mayan
		2.1 Verb structure and alignment
		2.2 Transitivity
		2.3 Word order and syntax
	3. Antipassive-like structures
		3.1 Absolutive constructions
		3.2 Agent focus (AF)
		3.3 Incorporative constructions
	4. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Chapter 18. When an antipassive isn’t an antipassive anymore: The Actor Voice construction in Kelabit
	1. Introduction
	2. Antipassives
	3. The av construction in Tagalog and the Philippines
		3.1 Morphosyntax
		3.2 Semantics
		3.3 Discourse
		3.4 Summary
	4. The av construction in Kelabit
		4.1 Morphosyntax
		4.2 Semantics
		4.3 Discourse
		4.4 Summary
	5. Discussion
	6. Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Abbreviations
	References
	Appendix
Chapter 19. Antipassivization in Basque revisited
	1. Introduction
	2. Basque
	3. Ergative displacement
	4. Biclausal constructions
		4.1 Ari-progressives
		4.2 Participial clauses
	5. The lexically constrained antipassive
		5.1 The LCA with psych-verbs
		5.2 The LCA with mintzatu and other verba dicendi
	6. Discussion and concluding remarks
	Acknowledgements
	Funding
	Abbreviations
	References
Index