Anticipatory Systems. Philosophical, Mathematical and Methodological Foundations

Content: 
International Federation for Systems Research, Page ii
Front Matter, Page iii
Copyright, Page iv
Foreword, Pages v-vi
Preface, Pages vii-viii
1.1 - General Introduction, Pages 1-22
1.2 - The Reactive Paradigm: Its Basic Features, Pages 23-44
2.1 - The Concept of a Natural System, Pages 45-54
2.2 - The Concept of a Formal System, Pages 55-71
2.3 - Encodings between Natural and Formal Systems, Pages 73-87
3.1 - The Modelling Relation within Mathematics, Pages 89-124
3.2 - Specific Encodings between Natural and Formal Systems, Pages 125-136
3.3 - Encodings of Physical Systems, Pages 137-169
3.4 - Encodings of Biological Systems: Preliminary Remarks, Pages 171-175
3.5 - Specific Encodings of Biological Systems, Pages 177-210
3.6 - Models, Metaphors and Abstractions, Pages 211-220
4.1 - Time and Dynamics: Introductory Remarks, Pages 221-223
4.2 - Time in Newtonian Dynamics, Pages 225-232
4.3 - Time in Thermodynamics and Statistical Analysis, Pages 233-241
4.4 - Probabilistic Time, Pages 243-248
4.5 - Time in General Dynamical Systems, Pages 249-255
4.6 - Time and Sequence: Logical Aspects of Time, Pages 257-263
4.7 - Similarity and Time, Pages 265-269
4.8 - Time and Age, Pages 271-275
5.1 - General Introduction, Pages 277-279
5.2 - Open, Closed and Compensated Systems, Pages 281-287
5.3 - Compensation and Decompensation, Pages 289-291
5.4 - The Main Theorem, Pages 293-298
5.5 - Models as Closed Systems, Pages 299-305
5.6 - The Concept of Error, Pages 307-320
5.7 - Error and Complexity, Pages 321-323
5.8 - Order and Disorder, Pages 325-330
5.9 - The Stability of Modelling Relations, Pages 331-337
6.1 - General Introduction, Pages 339-347
6.2 - An Example: Forward Activation, Pages 349-354
6.3 - General Characteristics of Temporal Spanning, Pages 355-359
6.4 - An Application: Senescence, Pages 361-370
6.5 - Adaptation, Natural Selection and Evolution, Pages 371-384
6.6 - Learning, Pages 385-390
6.7 - Selection in Systems and Subsystems, Pages 391-398
6.8 - Perspectives for the Future, Pages 399-404
CHAPTER 7 - Introduction to Appendix, Pages 405-431
Index, Pages 433-436