Anthrozoology: Human-Animal Interactions in Domesticated and Wild Animals

Cover......Page 1
Anthrozoology: Human–Animal Interactions in Domesticated and Wild Animals......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 14
1.2.1 HAS, HAI, HAR and HAB......Page 16
1.3 What is the distribution of HARs through the animal kingdom?......Page 20
1.3.1 Distribution of HARs among animals......Page 21
1.3.2 Relationships between (nonhuman) animals......Page 22
1.4 Why do we care about HAI, HAR and HAB?......Page 23
1.4.2 Improved quality of life......Page 24
1.4.4 To minimise human–animal conflict......Page 25
1.4.5 To create a better world......Page 27
References......Page 28
2.2 A brief history of companion animals......Page 32
2.3 Companion animals today......Page 34
2.4 The benefits of companion animal ownership......Page 37
2.5 Indirect benefits of companion animals......Page 40
2.6 The costs of companion animal ownership......Page 41
2.7 Conclusions and future areas of research......Page 42
References......Page 43
3.1 Historical and present role of agricultural animals for humans......Page 47
Box 3.1 Animals, humans and the environment......Page 48
3.2.1 Individualised and generalised relationships in agriculture......Page 50
3.2.2 Situations, type and quality of interactions......Page 51
3.2.3 Differences in interactions between production systems......Page 52
3.2.4 Variation of interactions within production systems......Page 53
3.2.5 Why do human–animal interactions differ? The role of attitudes and herd size......Page 54
3.3.2 Direct effects of the human–animal relationship—HAI and animal welfare and productivity......Page 56
3.3.2.1 Effects of HAI on physiology—stress and anti-stress......Page 57
3.3.2.2 HAI effects on productivity......Page 58
3.3.2.3 HAI effects on immune function and health......Page 59
3.3.2.4 Further effects of HAI......Page 60
3.3.3 Indirect effects: the human’s relationship with animals and animal welfare......Page 61
3.3.4 HAI and human health and well-being......Page 62
3.4 Wider ranging implications for society and environment......Page 63
3.5.1 Effects of mechanisation and increasing herd size......Page 64
3.5.3 Quantity and quality of interactions......Page 65
3.6 Concluding remarks......Page 66
References......Page 67
4.1 Introduction......Page 74
4.2.1 Number of animals in research facilities......Page 75
4.2.2 Reason for captivity......Page 76
4.2.3 Types of human–animal interactions......Page 78
4.3.1 Assessing human–animal interactions......Page 82
4.3.2 The effect of human–animal interaction on the animals......Page 83
4.3.3 Effect of human–animal interactions on staff......Page 86
4.3.4 Costs and benefits of human–animal interactions......Page 87
4.4 Wider implications of human–animal interactions......Page 88
4.5 Future areas for research......Page 89
References......Page 90
5.1 Context......Page 96
5.2.1 Keeper–animal interactions......Page 99
5.2.1.1 Animals’ perspective......Page 100
5.2.1.2 Keepers’ perspective......Page 102
5.2.2 Visitor–animal interactions......Page 104
5.2.2.1 Animals’ perspective......Page 105
5.2.2.2 Visitors’ perspective......Page 107
5.3 Wider ranging implications for society and the environment......Page 108
5.4.1 Individual differences......Page 110
5.4.4 Keeper–animal relationships......Page 111
5.4.6 Methodological challenges......Page 112
References......Page 113
6.2 Species and roles......Page 119
6.3.1 Negative impacts on individual animals and populations......Page 121
Box 6.1 Local private tourism contributions to conservation of wild animals......Page 122
Box 6.2 Global contributions of park tourism to threatened species populations......Page 123
Box 6.3 Population viability analysis to calculate net outcomes of ecotourism on threatened species......Page 124
6.3.3 Health and emotional outcomes for tourists......Page 125
Box 6.4 Key factors in tourist experiences during encounters with wild animals......Page 126
Box 6.5 Some examples of close-range tourist encounters with wild animals......Page 127
6.5 Conclusions and future research priorities......Page 129
References......Page 130
7.2 Animals in urban areas......Page 134
7.2.1 General patterns in urban wildlife......Page 136
7.2.2 Relationships between humans and urban wildlife......Page 137
7.3.1 Individual encounters......Page 138
Box 7.1 Human–macaque interactions......Page 139
7.3.3 Urban wildlife attacks......Page 140
7.3.4 Wildlife mortality......Page 141
7.3.6 Beneficial relationships......Page 142
7.4.1 Implications of urban design for wildlife......Page 143
7.4.2 Public attitudes towards urban wildlife......Page 146
7.4.3 Urban wildlife education......Page 147
7.5 Wider implications of urban wildlife–human interactions......Page 148
7.6 Future areas for research......Page 149
References......Page 151
8.2 The HAR: a single phenomenon?......Page 157
Box 8.1 Starlings: friend or pest?......Page 158
8.3 The costs and benefits of HARs......Page 161
8.3.1 The animal perspective......Page 162
8.4 Building a HAR......Page 163
8.5 The HAB: why would animals form bonds with humans?......Page 165
8.6.1 The importance of empathy......Page 168
8.7 Dominion: duty of care or a resource for our use?......Page 170
References......Page 172
Index......Page 178