Antennas and Propagation for Body-centric Wireless Communication

Antennas and Propagation
for Body-Centric
Wireless Communications
Second Edition......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
1.1 What are Body-Centric Communications......Page 16
1.1.1 Off- to On-Body Communications......Page 20
1.1.3 Medical Implants and Sensor Networ......Page 21
1.2.1 Narrowband Systems......Page 23
1.2.2 Wideband Systems......Page 25
1.4.1 Propagation Characterization and C......Page 26
1.4.3 Antenna De-embedding......Page 27
1.4.5 Modeling of Body Dynamics......Page 28
1.5 Layout of the Book......Page 29
References......Page 30
2.1 Electromagnetic Characteristics of H......Page 32
2.2 Physical Body Phantoms......Page 33
2.2.1 Liquid Phantoms......Page 36
2.2.3 Solid (Dry) Phantoms......Page 37
2.2.4 Examples of Physical Phantoms......Page 38
2.3.1 Theoretical Phantoms......Page 42
2.3.2 Voxel Phantoms......Page 43
2.4.1 Introduction of Numerical Techniqu......Page 44
2.4.2 On-Body Radio Channel Modeling......Page 51
2.5.1 Methodology......Page 65
2.5.2 Measurements and Model Validation......Page 67
References......Page 71
3.1 Introduction......Page 78
3.2 Measurement Methods......Page 79
3.2.1 Connection Between Antenna and Mea......Page 80
3.2.2 Antenna De-embedding......Page 82
3.3.1 Path Gain......Page 86
3.3.2 Channel Statistics......Page 91
3.3.3 Channel Polarization Effects......Page 99
3.4.1 Performance Comparison......Page 102
3.4.2 Antenna-to-Surface Wave Coupling......Page 108
3.4.3 Antenna Match and Efficiency......Page 116
3.5.1 Antenna Diversity......Page 118
3.5.2 MIMO......Page 119
3.6 Systems Modeling......Page 120
3.7 Conclusions......Page 121
References......Page 122
4.1 Introduction of Communications Using......Page 128
4.2.1 Whole Body Models......Page 135
4.2.2 Arm Models Wearing the Transmitter......Page 137
4.2.3 Effective Electrode Structure......Page 138
4.3.1 Model for Assessments......Page 140
4.3.2 Electric Field Distributions In an......Page 141
4.3.3 Received Signal Voltage of the Rec......Page 143
4.4.1 Calculation Model......Page 146
4.4.2 Electric Field Distributions and R......Page 149
4.5 Conclusions......Page 150
References......Page 151
5.1 Overview......Page 154
5.2 UWB Antennas for Body-Centric Wirele......Page 155
5.2.1 Design and Analysis......Page 156
5.2.2 Measurements......Page 173
5.2.3 Concluding Remarks......Page 175
5.3.1 Simulation of the Radio Propagatio......Page 176
5.3.2 Measurement of the Radio Propagati......Page 177
5.3.3 Concluding Remarks......Page 187
5.4.1 General Aspects......Page 188
5.4.2 Personal Area Network Scenarios......Page 190
5.4.3 Body Area Network Scenarios......Page 195
5.4.4 UWB Multiband-OFDM Based System Mo......Page 210
5.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 217
References......Page 219
6.1 Introduction......Page 224
6.2.1 Antenna Types......Page 226
6.2.3 Fabric Material Properties and Ant......Page 231
6.3  Wearable Antennas: Critical Design......Page 233
6.4 Textile Materials......Page 234
6.5 Effects of Substrate Materials: An E......Page 237
6.5.1 Effects of Ground Plane Size Attac......Page 239
6.6 Effect on Various Conductive Materia......Page 243
6.7 Dual Frequency Wearable Antenna Desi......Page 248
6.8  Wearable Electromagnetic Bang Gap A......Page 252
6.8.1 Remarks on Antenna Bending......Page 254
6.9 Wearable Antennas Near the Human Bod......Page 259
6.9.1 Models and Methods......Page 261
6.9.2 Results......Page 262
6.10 Wearable Antenna Environmental Perf......Page 265
6.10.1 The Effect of Ice, Water, and Sno......Page 267
6.10.2 Example of Environmental Test Dur......Page 270
6.10.3 Destructive Antenna Tests......Page 271
6.11 Conclusions......Page 276
Acknowledgments......Page 277
References......Page 278
7.1 Introduction......Page 286
7.2 Biosensor System and Basics of Biome......Page 287
7.2.2 Integrated Inductor/Antenna......Page 288
7.3 Antenna Design for Body Sensors......Page 290
7.3.1 Implantable Antennas......Page 291
7.3.2 Antennas for External Handheld Dev......Page 300
7.4.1 Sensors for Space Environment......Page 304
References......Page 305
8.1 Telemedicine and Telecare Applicatio......Page 308
8.1.1 Physiological Signals for Patient......Page 310
8.1.2 Technologies for Ward-Based System......Page 311
8.1.4 Emerging Technologies and Novel Ap......Page 312
8.1.5 Wireless Telemedicine Link Design......Page 313
8.2 Antennas and Human Body Interaction......Page 315
8.2.1 Antenna–Body Effects (< 1 GHz)......Page 318
8.2.2 Antenna–Body Effects (> 1 GHz)......Page 322
8.2.3 Emerging Antennas......Page 325
8.3.1 Channel Effects......Page 329
8.3.2 Radio Frequency Interference and I......Page 333
8.4 Conclusion......Page 334
References......Page 335
9.1 Introduction......Page 340
9.1.1 Inductive Coupling......Page 341
9.1.2 MICS Standard......Page 342
9.2 Antennas in Lossy Dispersive Medium......Page 343
9.2.1 Matter......Page 344
9.2.2 Material Data and Measurements......Page 345
9.2.3 Phantoms......Page 346
9.2.5 Wave Propagation: One-Dimensional......Page 349
9.2.6 Influence of Patient......Page 352
9.2.7 Phantom Influence on Antenna......Page 353
9.3 Low-Profile Antennas for Implantable......Page 354
9.3.2 Antenna Efficiency Calculations in......Page 356
9.3.3 Electric vs. Magnetic Antennas......Page 358
9.3.4 Implantable Antennas Designs......Page 362
9.3.6 SAR......Page 368
References......Page 370
Chapter 10 Conclusions......Page 374
About the Authors......Page 380
Index......Page 390