Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions and Variability

Copyright\r......Page 6
Contents\r......Page 8
Preface\r......Page 10
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 11
3. DATA COLLECTION......Page 12
4. RESULTS......Page 13
5. A DIAGENETIC MODEL OF THE SNOW COVER......Page 24
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 27
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 29
2. APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM......Page 31
3. ERROR SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS......Page 35
4. MONTHLY SNOW DEPTH DISTRIBUTION......Page 38
5. VALIDATION OF RESULTS; COMPARISON WITH SNOW DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS......Page 43
7. CONCLUSIONS......Page 45
REFERENCES......Page 47
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 50
2. DATA AND METHODS......Page 51
4. POLYNYAS......Page 52
5. SEA ICE DRIFT......Page 56
6. SEA ICE PROPERTIES......Page 58
7. SALT FLUX......Page 68
8. FLOE SIZE AND SWELL PENETRATION......Page 69
9. SNOW PROPERTIES......Page 70
10. CONCLUSIONS......Page 72
REFERENCES......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 77
METHODS......Page 78
STUDY AREA AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SEA ICE CONDITIONS......Page 80
RESULTS OF ICE THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND ICE CORE ANALYSIS......Page 81
DISCUSSION......Page 89
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 94
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 96
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 98
3. TEXTURAL STRATIGRAPHY,SALINITY AND δ18O OF SEA-ICE SAMPLES......Page 99
4. ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND SALT SEGREGATION DURING SEA-ICE GROWTH: THEORY ANDMEASUREMENTS......Page 107
5. POSTGENETIC CHANGES IN THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SEA ICE......Page 114
6. SIMULATION OF δ180 PROFILES WITH A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ICEGROWTH/SALT-FLUX MODEL: COMPARISONS BETWEEN SIMULATED AND FIELD DATA......Page 117
7. DERIVING GROWTH RATES OF SEA ICE FROM δ18O PROFILES......Page 118
8. DISCUSSION......Page 120
9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 125
10. REFERENCES......Page 126
INTRODUCTION......Page 130
INSTRUMENTS, DATA, AND METHODS......Page 131
RESULTS......Page 134
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 142
REFERENCES......Page 145
OVERVIEW: DRIFT AND DEFORMATION......Page 147
DATA PROCESSING......Page 148
RESULTS......Page 152
ERROR ANALYSIS......Page 156
DISCUSSION......Page 159
SUMMARY......Page 164
REFERENCES......Page 165
INTRODUCTION......Page 167
LOCAL MEANS AND DECADAL TRENDS......Page 168
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOME SEA ICE OSCILLATIONS......Page 169
SUMMARY......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 178
2. DATA......Page 179
3. RESULTS......Page 180
4. DISCUSSION AND COMPARISON WITH EARLIER DATA......Page 190
REFERENCES......Page 191
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 192
2. ANTARCTIC MICROWAVE RADAR IMAGING......Page 193
3. RADAR CHARACTERISTICS OF WEDDELL SEA ICE......Page 194
4. WEDDELL SEA ICE DYNAMICS......Page 209
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 214
REFERENCES......Page 215
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 218
2. STUDY AREA AND METHODS......Page 221
3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SNOWAND ICE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 223
4. BACKSCATTER VARIABILITY......Page 225
5. DISCUSSION......Page 234
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 244
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 248
2. CONCEPTS......Page 249
3. METHODS......Page 257
4. RESULTS......Page 260
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 270
REFERENCES......Page 274
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 277
2. CALCULATION OF HEAT FLUX ANDICE PRODUCTION IN POLYNYAS......Page 279
3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY......Page 283
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS......Page 286
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 295
!. INTRODUCTION......Page 297
2. THE WEDDELL SEA SUMMER ICE COVER......Page 298
3. INTERANNUAL CHANGES IN ICE EXTENT AND ACTUAL ICE AREA......Page 302
4. ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONNECTIONS......Page 304
5. ROLE OF LATENT HEAT POLYNYAS IN ICE PRODUCTION......Page 309
6. RELATIONSHIPS TO THE ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER......Page 315
REFERENCES:......Page 317
2. DATA......Page 320
3. DATA ANALYSIS......Page 321
4. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION......Page 323
REFERENCES......Page 326
INTRODUCTION......Page 327
ATTENUATIVE PROCESSES......Page 328
THE MODEL......Page 330
RESULTS......Page 334
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 342
GENERAL FEATURES OF ANTARCTIC FAST ICE......Page 344
FAST ICE STRUCTURE......Page 346
THERMOMETAMORPHIC PROCESSES......Page 348
REFERENCES......Page 354
INTRODUCTION......Page 356
SAMPLING......Page 357
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES......Page 359
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 360
CONCLUSIONS......Page 373
REFERENCES......Page 374
INTRODUCTION......Page 376
CURRENT SEA ICE/MARINE ICE FACIES NOMENCLATURE......Page 377
CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF SEAICE VARIABILITY IN THE ROSS SEA......Page 379
HELLS GATE ICE SHELF: MORPHOLOGY,ICE DYNAMICS AND MASS BALANCE......Page 381
MARINE ICE RECORDS AT HELLS GATE ICE SHELF......Page 386
LANDFAST FIRST-YEAR SEA ICE RECORDS AT HELLS GATE ICE SHELF......Page 394
LINKING MARINE ICE AND SEA ICE RECORDS IN AN ICE/OCEAN INTERACTION PERSPECTIVE......Page 403
CONTRASTS WITH SEA ICE ACCRETION IN MCMURDO SOUND......Page 404
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 405
REFERENCES......Page 406