Animism and Philosophy of Religion

Contents
List of Contributors
1: Introduction
	1	 Animism’s Neglect
	2	 Animism and Its Definitions
	3	 Animism, Science, and Reason
	4	 Animism and Society
	References
2: Animism and Cognitive Science of Religion: A Critical Perspective
	1	 Guthrie’s Anthropomorphism and Animism
	2	 Evolutionist Commitments
	3	 Secular Hyperopia
	4	 Conclusions
	References
3: Wilkinson’s “Animism and Cognitive Science of Religion”
	1	 A reply to Stewart Guthrie from Darryl Wilkinson
	References
4: Edward Tylor’s Animism and Its Intellectual Aftermath
	1	 New Versus Old Animism: An Overview
	2	 Development, Survival, Abandonment, and Revival
	3	 Animals, Plants and Objects as Spiritual Beings
	4	 Conclusion
	References
5: Animisms: Practical Indigenous Philosophies
	1	 Introduction: The scope of philosophy of religion
	2	 What “Religion” Means in Philosophy of Religion
	3	 Cognitive Science of Religion and the Study of Animism
	4	 Animism as a Philosophical Stance
		4.1	 Kincentric Ecology of the Rarámuri
		4.2	 The Significance of the Land and Its People for Inuktitut-Speaking Inuit
	5	 Implications for the Philosophy of Religion
	6	 Conclusion
	References
6: New Animism as Cultural Critique?
	1	 The Concept of Cultural Critique
	2	 Animisms Old and New
	3	 A Higher Order of Objectivity?
	4	 Affirmatory New Animism as Critique of Western Modernity
	5	 Challenges to Affirmatory New Animism
	6	 A Critical Approach to New Animism
	7	 Conclusion
	References
7: Animism and Naturalism: Practice and Theory
	1	 The New Animism
	2	 The Ontological Turn
	3	 Animism and Naturalism
	4	 How to Think about Animism
	5	 An Enactivist and Practice-Based Theory
	6	 The Idea of Representation
	7	 Activity and Representation
	8	 Practices and Representations
	9	 Naive and Theorized Practices
	10	 Animism and Naturalism
	11	 Underdetermination
	12	 Cognitive Pluralism
	13	 The Truth in Animism
	References
8: Sensible Animism
	References
9: Animism: Its Scope and Limits
	1	 Animism
	2	 Animists
	3	 Universal Animation
	4	 Hard Cases for Animation
	5	 Motivations for ‘New’ Animism
	6	 Concluding Remarks
	References
10: Scientific Animism
	1	 Animism in Western Thought
	2	 Entropic Forces
	3	 Entropic Forces Drive Flows to Self-Organize
	4	 The Degrees of Animation
	5	 The Ascents of Heliodromes
	6	 The Ascents of Astrodromes and Terradromes
	7	 The Ascents of Liquidromes and Ecodromes
	8	 The Ascents of Biodromes
	9	 Animated Universes
	10	 Conclusion
	References
11: Childhood Animism and Innate Belief
	1	 Childhood Animism
	2	 Childhood Artificialism
	3	 Rationalism and Arguments from Innateness
	4	 The Naturalness of Animist Belief
	5	 The Dubious Defence of the Disenchanted
	6	 Childhood Animism Is a Reason to Accept Animism
	References
12: An Epistemic Defense of Animism
	1	 Defining Animism
	2	 Old Animism
	3	 New Animism
	4	 The Rationality of Tacitly Held Beliefs
	5	 Assessing Animistic Beliefs Epistemically
	6	 Underminers for Animistic Beliefs
	7	 Stewart Guthrie’s Account of Animism
	8	 Mistaken Attribution of Agency
	9	 Attributing Mentality
	10	 Concluding Remarks: Interpreting or Misinterpreting the World?
	11	 Coda: Moral Arguments for Animism
	References
13: Robotic Animism: The Ethics of Attributing Minds and Personality to Robots with Artificial Intelligence
	1	 Robotic Animism and Robotic Mind-Reading
	2	 An “Attitude Towards a Soul”?
	3	 Non-skeptical Empirical Research About Animistic Robot Mind-Reading
	4	 Ethically Motivated Animism: Theoretical Versus Practical Interests in Machine Minds
	5	 Robotic Animism and Possible/Imagined Super-intelligences
	6	 Should We Reflectively Endorse Some Form of Robotic Animism? Do Any Robots Have Minds of Any Significant Kinds?
	7	 Concluding Remarks
	References
14: Towards a Cosmopolitan Animism
	1	 Indigenous Animism and the “New Animism”
	2	 Animism in a Cosmopolitan World
	3	 The Socio-politics of Indigenous/Non-Indigenous Relations: Discourses of Cultural Appropriation
	4	 Towards a Cosmopolitan Animism
	5	 Conclusion
	References
Index