Angel Veneration & Christology: A Study in Early Judaism & the Christology of the Apocalypse of John (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen Zum Neuen Testament. Reihe 2, 70)

Cover\r......Page 1
Angel Veneration and Christology......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 8
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 12
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION......Page 20
I. THE PROBLEM......Page 22
II. JEWISH CONCEPTS AND EARLY CHRISTOLOGY: CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY......Page 24
III. \"MONOTHEISM\": DEFINING A THEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT......Page 34
IV. SCHOLARLY APPROACHES TO CHRISTOLOGY IN THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN......Page 41
A. The Apocalypse: Jewish or Christian?......Page 42
B. Eschatology......Page 45
C. The Socio-Historical Situation......Page 50
D. The Symbolic World......Page 54
V. ANGELOLOGY, CHRISTOLOGY, AND MONOTHEISM: AN APPROACH TO THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN......Page 61
PART TWO: ANGELIC AND HEAVENLY FIGURES: VENERATION AND MONOTHEISM......Page 64
I. AN ACCOMMODATION OF \"MONOTHEISM\" IN JUDAISM: THE CRITERION OF VENERATION......Page 66
A. POLEMICAL TEXTS......Page 70
1. Midrashic Proscriptions in Rabbinic Literatur......Page 71
a. Rabbinic Interpretation of Exodus 20:4,23: Angels and Natural Phenomena......Page 75
b. Other Rabbinic Interdictions......Page 82
Excursus......Page 91
c. Summary......Page 92
2. Angelophanic Prohibitions in Jewish and Jewish-Christian Writings......Page 94
a. Bauckham\'s Study......Page 97
b. Components of the Angelic Refusal: The Origin and Development of the Tradition......Page 99
i. The Seer\'s Reaction to an Angelophanic Setting......Page 100
ii. Fear: The Seer\'s Veneration and the Angel\'s Prohibition......Page 106
iii. The Angelic Denial of Superiority over the Seer......Page 111
iv. The Emphasis on God......Page 118
c. Summary......Page 120
3. Alleged Allusions to Angel Worship in New Testament Writings and Early Christian Literature......Page 122
a. Galatians 4:3,8-9 (viz. 3:19-20)......Page 123
b. Colossians 2:18......Page 130
c. Hebrews 1:5-2:18......Page 138
d. Second Century Accusations: Kerygma Petrou, Aristides, and Celsus (Origen, c.Cels. 1.26; 5.6)......Page 159
4. Summary......Page 165
B. NON-POLEMICAL SOURCES......Page 168
1. Qumran Documents......Page 169
a. Purported Evidence......Page 170
b. \"Fellowship\" with Angels and Veneration......Page 173
i. The Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice......Page 175
ii. 11Q Berakhot......Page 180
c. Summary......Page 182
a. A Doxology in Tobit 11:14-15......Page 183
b. Joseph and Aseneth 14:1-12 and 15:U-12x......Page 187
c. Pseudo-Phllo 13:6......Page 189
d. Angelic Mediation and Prayer: Other Early Jewish Texts......Page 192
i. Enochic Literature......Page 193
ii. Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs......Page 195
iii. Other Writings......Page 197
e. Summary......Page 198
3. Ἂγγελος Inscriptions In Asia Minor......Page 200
a. Rheneia (near Delos)......Page 202
b. Kalecik (Galatia)......Page 204
c. Eumeneia (Phrygia)......Page 206
d. Jewih Magical Materials from Asia Minor......Page 207
i. Cyzicus (ca. 90 mi. north of Pergamum)......Page 209
ii. The Region of Smyrna......Page 210
Excursus: Jewish Invocation of Angels In Magical Sources from Antiquity......Page 211
A. A Veneration of Angels in Early Judaism?......Page 219
B. Angelology and Christology......Page 222
PART THREE: ASPECTS OF ANGELOLOGY AND MONOTHEISM IN THE CHRISTOLOGY OF THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN......Page 224
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 226
II. THE OPENING EPIPHANY IN REVELATION 1:12-20 AND ITS RELATION TO ANGELOLOGY IN THE APOCALYPSE......Page 228
A. A Tradltlo-hlstorlcal Comparison......Page 230
B. Christ\'s Divinity: The \"Ancient of Days\" and the Old Greek Tradition to Daniel 7:13......Page 232
EXCURSUS......Page 235
C. Christ as an Angelomorphic Being: The Tradition......Page 237
D. Christ as an Angelic Being: Affinities Between Angels in the Apocalypse and the Opening Epiphany......Page 240
1. The \"Voice as the Sound of Many Waters\": 14:1-5 and 19:1-8......Page 241
2. \"Clothed\" and \"Girded at the Breasts with Golden Belts\": The Seven Angels in 15:6......Page 245
3. \"His Face as the Sun\" and the \"Cloud\": The Angel in 10:1-11......Page 248
E. Christ and the Angels of the Seven Churches......Page 251
1. The \"Angels\" of the Seven Churches......Page 253
2. The Portrayal of Christ in the Letters and the Epiphany......Page 257
III. REVELATION 14:6-20: \"ONE LIKE A SON OF MAN\" AND THE ANGELS......Page 259
IV. THE REFUSAL TRADITION IN THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN......Page 264
A. The Angel in 19:10 and 22:8-9......Page 265
B. A Double Refusal......Page 268
1. Revelation 19:9-10......Page 270
2. Comparison Between Revelation 22:8-9 and 19:10......Page 272
C. The Refusal Tradition and the Opening Vision of the Apocalypse......Page 276
V. CHRISTOLOGY AND MONOTHEISM IN THE APOCALYPSE......Page 280
PART FOUR: CONCLUSION......Page 286
I. ANGELS AND MONOTHEISTIC DEVOTION......Page 288
II. TRADITIONS AGAINST WORSHIPING ANGELS......Page 289
IV. ANGELOMORPHIC CHRISTOLOGY IN THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN......Page 290
V. CHRISTOLOGY AND MONOTHEISM: A PATTERN OF ACCOMMODATION?......Page 291
APPENDIX: TEXTS FORM-CRITICALLY COMPARED FOR THE REFUSAL TRADITION......Page 294
I . Primary Sources and Reference Works......Page 303
II. Secondary Sources......Page 309
A. OLD TESTAMENT......Page 336
B. NEW TESTAMENT......Page 340
C. APOCRYPHAL JEWISH WRITINGS OF THE SEPTUAGINT......Page 346
D. OLD TESTAMENT PSEUDEPIGRAPHA......Page 347
E. PHILO......Page 351
G. QUMRAN......Page 352
H. RABBINIC AND HEKHALOT LITERATURE......Page 355
J . EPIGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS......Page 356
L. CHRISTIAN AND GNOSTIC WRITINGS......Page 357
M. GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE......Page 359
INDEX OF SUBJECTS......Page 360
Back Matter: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament......Page 368