Analog Circuit Design, Vol. 3 Design Note Collection

Front Cover
	Half Title
Analog Circuit Design Volume 2
	Copyright
	Dedication 1
	Dedication 2
Contents
Publisher’s Note
	Trademarks
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Foreword
PART 1 : Power Management
	Section 1 : Power Management Design
		1 High performance single phase DC/DC controller with power system management
			Introduction
			1.8V/30A single phase digital power supply with IIN sense
			Input current sensing
			Inductor DCR autocalibration
			LTpowerPlay GUI
			Conclusion
		2 One device replaces battery charger, pushbutton controller, LED driver and voltage regulator ICs in portable electronics
			Introduction
			Pushbutton control
			Battery, USB, wall and high voltage input sources
			Battery charger
			Three bucks, two LDOs and a boost/LED driver
			Conclusion
		3 Simple circuit replaces and improves on power modules at less than half the price
			Introduction
			100W isolated synchronous forward converter in an eighth brick footprint
			This circuit is flexible
			Conclusion
		4 Wide input range, high efficiency DDR termination power supply achieves fast transient response
			Introduction
			Overview of the LTC3717
			Design example
			Conclusion
		5 Minimize input capacitors in multioutput, high current power supplies
			Introduction
			Design details
			Conclusion
		6 Dual phase high efficiency mobile CPU power supply minimizes size and thermal stress
			Introduction
			Design example
			Conclusion
		7 SOT-23 SMBus fan speed controller extends battery life and reduces noise
			Introduction
			Boost-start timer, thermal shutdown and overcurrent clamp features
			Conclusion
		8 Active voltage positioning reduces output capacitors
			Introduction
			Basic principle
			Basic implementation
			Current mode control example—LTC1736
		9 5V to 3.3V circuit collection
			High efficiency 3.3V regulator
			3.3V battery-powered supply with shutdown
			3.3V supply with shutdown
			LT1585 linear regulator optimized for desktop Pentium processor applications
			LTC1148 5V to 3.38V Pentium power solution 3.5A output current
			LTC1266 switching regulator converts 5V to 3.38V at 7A for Pentium and other high speed μPs
		10 Hex level shift shrinks board space
	Section 2 : Microprocessor Power Design
		11 Cost-effective, low profile, high efficiency 42A supply powers AMD Hammer processors
			Introduction
			Design example
			Conclusion
		12 Efficient, compact 2-phase power supply delivers 40A to Intel mobile CPUs
			Introduction
			Smaller inductors, simplified thermal management
			40A Intel IMVP-III voltage regulator
			Conclusion
		13 Microprocessor core supply voltage set by I2C bus without VID lines
			Introduction
			How it works
			Why use an SMBus?
			Desktop/portable VID DC/DC converter
		14 High efficiency I/O power generation for mobile Pentium III microprocessors
		15 PolyPhase sur face mount power supply meets AMD Athlon processor requirements with no heat sink
			Introduction
			PolyPhase architecture
		16 2-step voltage regulation improves performance and decreases CPU temperature in portable computers
			1-step vs 2-step power conversion
			Circuit description
			Regulator efficiency considerations
		17 Dual regulators power Pentium processor or upgrade CPU
			A simple solution
			Conclusion
			Design equations
		18 Big power for big processors: a synchronous regulator
			LTC1430 performance features
			A typical 5V to 3.3V application
		19 High efficiency power sources for Pentium processors
			Selection of input source
			Transient response considerations
			Circuit operation
		20 Fast regulator paces high performance processors
		21 Techniques for deriving 3.3V from 5V supplies
		22 Regulator circuit generates both 3.3V and 5V outputs from 3.3V or 5V to run computers and RS232
			Mixed 3.3V and 5V RS232 operation
	Section 3 : Switching Regulator Basics
		23 Tiny, highly flexible, dual boost/inverter tracks supplies
			Introduction
			LT3471 features
			Easy-to-implement ±15V dual tracking supplies
			Conclusion
		24 Ultralow noise switching power supplies simplify EMI compliance
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
		25 Monolithic DC/DC converters break 1MHz to shrink board space
		26 Capacitor and EMI considerations for new high frequency switching regulators
			Capacitor technology considerations
			Controlling EMI: conducted and radiated
		27 Switching regulator generates both positive and negative supply with a single inductor
		28 Floating input extends regulator capabilities
		29 Programming pulse generators for flash memories
		30 Achieving microamp quiescent current in switching regulators
		31 Inductor selection for switching regulators
			References
	Section 4 : Switching Regulator Design: Buck (Step-Down)
		32 Inverting DC/DC controller converts a positive input to a negative output with a single inductor
			Advanced controller capabilities
			−5.2V, 1.7A converter operates from a 4.5V to 16V source
			High efficiency
			Conclusion
		33 20V, 2.5A monolithic synchronous buck SWITCHER+ with input current, output current and temperature sensing/limiting capabilities
			Introduction
			Output/input current sensing
			Temperature sensing
			Conclusion
		34 1.5A rail-to-rail output synchronous step-down regulator adjusts with a single resistor
			Introduction
			Operation
			Applications
			Conclusion
		35 42V, 2.5A synchronous step-down regulator with 2.5μA quiescent current
			Introduction
			High efficiency synchronous operation
			Short-circuit robustness using small inductors
			Current sense and monitoring with the LT8611
			Wide input range operation at 2MHz
			Low dropout operation
			Conclusion
		36 Bootstrap biasing of high input voltage step-down controller increases converter efficiency
			Introduction
			Employing EXTVCC to improve efficiency
			Voltage doubler for output voltages below 4.7V
			Conclusion
		37 36V, 3.5A dual monolithic buck with integrated die temperature monitor and standalone comparator block
			Introduction
			High input voltage with high transient capability
			On-die temperature monitoring
			Standalone comparator block
			Other features
				Independent adjustable current limit
				Independent synchronization
				Frequency division
			Conclusion
		38 High efficiency, high density 3-phase supply delivers 60A with power saving Stage Shedding, active voltage positioning and nonlinear control for superior load step response
			Introduction
			1.5V/60A, 3-phase power supply
			Conclusion
		39 2-phase synchronous buck controller features light load Stage Shedding mode, active voltage positioning, low RSENSE and remote VOUT sensing
			Introduction
			High efficiency, 2-phase, 4.5V to 14V input, 1.5V/50A output converter
			Stage Shedding mode
			Active voltage positioning
			Inductor DCR sensing temperature compensation
			Output voltage remote sensing
			Conclusion
		40 Dual output high efficiency converter produces 3.3V and 8.5V outputs from a 9V to 60V rail
			Introduction
			Feature rich
			Dual output application
			Single output application
			Conclusion
		41 Dual output step-down controller produces 10% accurate, efficient and reliable high current rails
			Introduction
			1.5V/20A and 1.2V/20A buck converter with remote sensing and NTC compensated DCR sensing
			PolyPhase operation
			Other important features
			Conclusion
		42 15VIN, 4MHz monolithic synchronous buck regulator delivers 5A in 4mm × 4mm QFN
			Introduction
			1.8VOUT, 2.25MHz buck regulator
			1.2VOUT, 10A, dual phase supply
			Conclusion
		43 Dual output buck regulator with current partitioning optimizes efficiency in space-sensitive applications
			Introduction
			Flexible current partitioning
			Operation modes and efficiency
			Application examples
			Conclusion
		44 Triple buck regulator features 1-wire dynamically programmable output voltages
			Introduction
			Three individually programmable bucks
			Configure parallel power stages for different loads
			Power good indicator
			Power saving operating modes
			Programmable clock frequency
			2-output, individually programmable 1.2A regulators
			Conclusion
		45 Buck conver ter eases the task of designing auxiliary low voltage negative rails
			Introduction
			Leave the transformer alone: −3.3VOUT from −12VIN
			Conclusion
		46 Monolithic synchronous step-down regulator delivers up to 12A from a wide input voltage range
			Introduction
			Typical application example
			Paralleling regulators for >12A
			Conclusion
		47 Step-down synchronous controller operates from inputs down to 2.2V
			Introduction
			“Dying gasp” applications
			Generate a negative voltage from a low positive VIN
			Wide input voltage range
			Conclusion
		48 Compact I2C-controllable quad synchronous step-down DC/DC regulator for power-conscious portable processors
			Introduction
			Four I2C-controllable regulators
			Power saving operating modes
			I2C programming of output voltages allows easy sequencing, tracking and margining
			Conclusion
		49 Compact triple step-down regulator offers LDO driver and output tracking and sequencing
			Introduction
			6V to 36V input to four outputs—1.8V, 3.3V, 5V and 2.5V—one IC
			Low ripple high frequency operation even at high VIN/VOUT ratios
			Input voltage lockout and sequencing
			Conclusion
		50 A positive-to-negative voltage converter can be used for stable outputs even with a widely varying input
			Basic operation
			Component stress in a positive-to-negative topology
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
		51 One IC generates three sub-2V power rails from a Li-Ion cell
			Introduction
			Triple supply in a tiny package
			High efficiency and low noise
			Selectable Burst Mode operation or pulse-skipping at light load
			Very low dropout (VLDO) linear regulators
			Power good detection
			Conclusion
		52 36V 2A buck regulator integrates power Schottky
			Introduction
			A small, simple solution
			Low ripple and high efficiency solution over a wide load range
			Frequency foldback saves chips
			Conclusion
		53 Triple output 3-phase controller saves space and improves per formance in high density power converters
			Conclusion
		54 Dual monolithic step-down switching regulator provides 1.6A outputs with reduced EMI and VOUT as low as 0.8V
			Introduction
			Typical LT3506A and LT3506 applications
			Power sequencing without adding components
			2-phase switching eases EMI concerns
			Conclusion
		55 A compact dual step-down converter with VOUT tracking and sequencing
			Introduction
			LT3501 dual converter features
			Output supply tracking and sequencing
			High current single VOUT, low ripple 6A output
		56 Tiny monolithic step-down regulators operate with wide input range
			Introduction
			Low ripple and high efficiency solution over wide load range
			Small solution size
			Additional features of LT3481 and LT3493
			Conclusion
		57 Cascadable 7A point-of-load monolithic buck converter
			Introduction
			Features
			Operation
			Greater than 7A outputs
			Conclusion
		58 High voltage current mode step-down conver ter with low power standby capability
			Introduction
			High efficiency at standby
			12V/75W synchronous buck DC/DC converter
		59 Low EMI synchronous DC/DC step-down controllers offer programmable output tracking
			Introduction
			Three choices for start-up control
			Low EMI DC/DC conversion
			Conclusion
		60 ThinSOT micropower buck regulator has low output ripple
			Introduction
			Current mode control
			Design flexibility with integrated boost diode
			Conclusion
		61 Tiny versatile buck regulators operate from 3.6V to 36V input
			Introduction
			Small size and versatility
			LT1936 produces 3.3V at 1.2A from 4.5V to 36V
			Producing a lower output voltage from the LT1936
			Negative output from a buck regulator
			Tiny circuit generates 3.3V and 5V from a minimum 4.5V supply
			Conclusion
		62 High accuracy synchronous step-down controller provides output tracking and programmable margining
			Introduction
			Start-up and shutdown output tracking
			Programmable voltage margining
			Additional features
			Conclusion
		63 60V, 3A step-down DC/DC converter has low dropout and 100μA quiescent current
			Introduction
			Burst Mode operation
			Low dropout
			Soft-start
			Power good
			Conclusion
		64 Monolithic synchronous regulator drives 4A loads with few external components
			Introduction
			High efficiency 2.5V/4A step-down regulator
			High efficiency 3.3V/4A step-down regulator with all ceramic capacitors
			Conclusion
		65 High performance power solutions for AMD Opteron and Athlon 64 processors
			Introduction
			3-phase, 65A AMD VRM design
			Conclusion
		66 High current step-down controller regulates to 0.6V output from 3V input
			Introduction
			Design examples
			Conclusion
		67 Efficient dual polarity output converter fits into tight spaces
			Introduction
			12V input, ±5V output, only 3mm high
			Typical bucks with second, negative outputs
			Conclusion
		68 Dual output supply powers FPGAs from 3.3V and 5V inputs
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
		69 3A, 2MHz monolithic synchronous step-down regulator provides a compact solution for DDR memory termination
			Introduction
			3A, 2.5V to 1.25V step-down DC/DC converter
			Conclusion
		70 60V/3A step-down DC/DC converter maintains high efficiency over a wide input range
			Introduction
			Efficiency
			Small size, low output ripple voltage (high switching frequency, all ceramic solution)
			Peak switch current (not your average current mode converter)
			Conclusion
		71 Monolithic synchronous step-down regulators pack 600mA current rating in a ThinSOT package
			Introduction
			Space saving
			Versatile
			Fault protection
			Efficient Burst Mode operation (LTC3406 series)
			Pulse-skipping mode (LTC3406B series) for low noise
			1.8V/600mA step-down regulator using all ceramic capacitors
			Efficiency considerations
		72 High efficiency adaptable power supply for XENPAK 10Gb/s Ethernet transceivers
			Introduction
			Adaptable power supply
			Conclusion
		73 High voltage buck regulators provide high current, low profile power solutions for FireWire peripherals
			Introduction
			Circuit descriptions
			Conclusion
		74 Efficient DC/DC converter provides two 15A outputs from a 3.3V backplane
			Introduction
			Design example
			Conclusion
		75 60V step-down DC/DC conver ter maintains high efficiency
			Introduction
			Efficiency
			Output ripple voltage
			Peak switch current
			LT1766 features
		76 Tiny buck regulator accepts inputs from 3.6V to 25V and eliminates heat sink
			Introduction
			Complete switcher in ThinSOT results in compact solution
			The LT1616 produces 3.3V at 400mA
			Ceramic capacitors are best
			Smaller than a TO-220
			2.5V output
		77 1.4MHz switching regulator draws only 10μA supply current
			Introduction
			LTC3404 features
			3.1V/600mA step-down regulator
			Externally synchronized 3.1V/600mA step-down regulator
			Conclusion
		78 10μA quiescent current step-down regulators extend standby time in handheld products
			Importance of low quiescent current
			LTC1878 single Li-Ion to 2.5V regulator
			LTC1771 3.3V/2A regulator
			Low operating current without compromising transient response
		79 Low cost PolyPhase DC/DC converter delivers high current
			Introduction
			Design example
			Overcurrent limit
			Multiphase applications
			Conclusion
		80 Unique high efficiency 12V converter operates with inputs from 6V to 28V
			12V output, single inductor, buck/boost converter
			Synchronous circuit for higher power, higher VIN
		81 Low cost, high efficiency 42A DC/DC converter
			Introduction
			Design example
			Conclusion
		82 High efficiency PolyPhase converter uses two inputs for a single output
			Introduction
			Design details
			A typical application
			Test results
			Conclusion
		83 High current dual DC/DC converter operates from 3.3V input
		84 Low cost surface mount DC/DC converter delivers 100A
			Introduction
			Design details
			Conclusion
		85 high voltage, low noise buck switching regulator
			Generating low noise, dual-voltage supplies
		86 Low cost, high efficiency 30A low profile PolyPhase converter
			Overview of the LTC1629
			Design example: 30A 2-phase power supply
			Conclusion
		87 2-phase switching regulator fits in tight places
		88 Low dropout 550kHz DC/DC controller operates from inputs as low as 2V
			2.5V, 4A buck DC/DC converter
			“Zeta” step-up/step-down converter
		89 Switching regulator controllers set a new standard for transient response
		90 60V, high efficiency buck switching regulators in SO-8
			Generating low cost, dual-voltage supplies
			Conclusion
		91 High efficiency, monolithic synchronous step-down regulator works with single or dual Li-Ion batteries
			Single Li-Ion applications
			Auxiliary winding control using SYNC/FCB pin
		92 A low cost, efficient mobile CPU power
		93 Optimizing a DC/DC converter’s output capacitors
		94 Step-down converter operates from single Li-Ion cell
			Introduction
			Single-cell Li-Ion operation
			100% duty cycle in dropout mode
			High efficiency 5V to 3.3V conversion
			Current mode architecture
			Low voltage low RDS(ON) switch
			Conclusion
		95 Optimized DC/DC converter loop compensation minimizes number of large output capacitors
			External loop compensation can save money
			Loop compensation using a dynamic load
		96 A high efficiency 500kHz, 4.5A step-down converter in an SO-8 package
			High efficiency, 25V, 0.07Ω switch
			4.5A in an SO-8
			Dual output SEPIC converter
		97 High efficiency switching regulators draw only 10μA supply current
			Inductor current control
			3.3V/250mA step-down regulator
			3.3V/10mA regulator from a 4mA to 20mA loop
			Pushbutton ON/OFF operation
		98 High power synchronous buck converter delivers up to 50A
			Introduction
			Distributed power
			Higher input voltages
			Blame it on the physicists
		99 Single IC, five output switching power supply system for portable electronics
		100 Low noise switching regulator helps control EMI
			New IC solves old problems
			New feature provides new EMI control
			Additional features
		101 Efficient processor power system needs no heat sink
			New IC powers portable Pentium processor and much more
			High performance Pentium processor power
			Portable Pentium processor power
		102 A new, high efficiency monolithic buck converter
			Efficiency
			High frequency operation
			Constant off-time architecture
			100% duty cycle in dropout mode
			Good start-up and transient behavior
			2.5mm typical height 5V-to-3.3V regulator
			Conclusion
		103 Switching regulator provides high efficiency at 10A loads
			N-channel vs P-channel
			Driving N-channel MOSFETs
			Basic circuit configurations
			Conclusion
		104 Dual output regulator uses only one inductor
			Regulation performance and efficiency
			Output ripple voltage
		105 Highly integrated high efficiency DC/DC conversion
			LTC1574
			Low noise regulator
			LTC1265
			Battery charger application
			LTC1574 or LTC1265?
		106 Ultralow power, high efficiency DC/DC converter operates outside the audio band
		107 Triple output 3.3V, 5V, and 12V high efficiency notebook power supply
		108 Single device provides 3.3V and 5V in surface mount
			Customizing the circuit
			Construction notes
			Other
		109 A simple high efficiency, step-down switching regulator
			100% duty cycle in dropout
			Positive-to-negative converter
		110 Delivering 3.3V and 5V at 17W
			Performance
			Theory of operation
			Circuit particulars
		111 Low parts count DC/DC converter circuit with 3.3V and 5V outputs
			Performance
			Inductor
			Capacitors
			Layout
			Heat sinking
		112 New synchronous step-down switching regulators achieve 95% efficiency
		113 High performance frequency compensation gives DC-to-DC converter 75μs response with high stability
			Inductors
			Capacitors
			Layout
			Output adjustment
			Heat sinking
	Section 5 : Switching Regulator Design: Boost Converters
		114 1μA IQ synchronous boost converter extends battery life in portable devices
			Introduction
			1.8V to 5.5V input to 12V output boost regulator
			Output disconnect
			Start-up inrush current limiting
			Conclusion
		115 Ultralow power boost converters require only 8.5μA of standby quiescent current
			Introduction
			Application example
			Ultralow quiescent current boost converter with output disconnect
			Compatible with high impedance batteries
			Conclusion
		116 Tiny dual full-bridge Piezo motor driver operates from low input voltage
			Introduction
			Single driver application
			Using external power supply
			Operating Piezo motor with long wires
			Conclusion
		117 Tiny synchronous step-up converter starts up at 700mV
			Introduction
			Conclusion
		118 High efficiency 2-phase boost converter minimizes input and output current ripple
			Introduction
			Conclusion
		119 ThinSOT switching regulator controls inrush current
			Introduction
			A simple solution
			Conclusion
		120 Dual DC/DC converter with integrated Schottkys generates ±40V outputs and consumes only 40μA quiescent current
			Introduction
			Dual output ±20V converter
			Dual output (±40V) converter
			CCD sensor bias supply
			Conclusion
		121 Compact step-up converter conserves battery power
			Introduction
			16V bias supply
			20V bias supply with variable output voltage
			±20V bias supply
			34V bias supply
			Conclusion
		122 2-phase boost converter delivers 10W from a 3mm × 3mm DFN package
			Introduction
			Dual phase converter reduces output ripple
			Smaller layout is possible by reducing the number of external components
			Antiringing feature in discontinuous operation
			Conclusion
		123 4-phase monolithic synchronous boost converter delivers 2.5A with output disconnect in a 5mm × 5mm QFN package
			Introduction
			Multiple operating modes optimize performance in different applications
			Fault protection
			High power and high efficiency in a small package
			Conclusion
		124 Boost regulator makes low profile SEPIC with both step-up and step-down capability
			Introduction
			3V to 20V input, 5V output, 3mm maximum height SEPIC
			4V to 18V input, 12V output, 3mm maximum height SEPIC
			Conclusion
		125 Dual monolithic buck regulator provides two 1.4A outputs with 2-phase switching to reduce EMI
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			High frequency, current mode switching minimizes component size
			2-phase switching eases EMI concerns
			Soft-start and power good pins simplify supply sequencing
			Conclusion
		126 4MHz monolithic synchronous step-down regulators bring high efficiency to space-sensitive applications
			Introduction
			Multiple operating modes allow optimization of efficiency and noise suppression
			Two 2.5V step-down converters
			Conclusion
		127 Tiny and efficient boost converter generates 5V at 3A from 3.3V bus
			Introduction
			3.3V input, 5V/3A output boost regulator
			2-cell input, 3.3V/1A output regulator
			Conclusion
		128 Tiny boost controller provides efficient solutions for low voltage inputs
			Introduction
			3.3V to 5V converters
			Choosing the MOSFET
			Automotive supply
			Conclusion
		129 Current-limited DC/DC converter simplifies USB power supplies
			USB to 12V boost converter
			USB to 5V SEPIC DC/DC converter with short-circuit protection
			Li-Ion white LED driver
		130 3MHz micropower synchronous boost converters deliver 3W from two cells in a tiny MSOP package
			All-ceramic-capacitor, 2-cell to 3.3V, 1A converter
			High efficiency Li-Ion CCFL backlight application
		131 SOT-23 switching regulator with integrated 1A switch delivers high current outputs in a small footprint
			5V local supply
			12V local supply
			±15V dual output converter with output disconnect
		132 A 500kHz, 6A monolithic boost converter
			Circuit description
			5V to 12V boost converter
			Positive to negative converter
			5V SEPIC converter
			Conclusion
		133 Micropower 600kHz step-up DC/DC converter delivers 5V at 1A from a li-Ion cell
			Single Li-ion cell to 5V/1A DC/DC converter for GSM
			2-cell digital camera supply produces 3.3V, 5V, 18V and −10V
		134 Ultralow noise switching regulator controls EMI
			Low noise boost regulator
			Low noise bipolar supply
			Additional LT1534 features
		135 Off-line low noise power supply does not require filtering to meet FCC emission requirements
			Introduction
			Circuitry details
			Performance characteristics
		136 “LCD bias” and “backup supply” applications for a micropower DC/DC converter
			2-cell, low profile LCD bias generator fits in small places
			Supercapacitor-powered backup supply
		137 Short-circuit protection for boost regulators
			Short-circuit protection and load disconnect with the LTC1477
			Current-limited boost regulator
			Short-circuit protection at higher power
		138 Single-cell micropower fixed-frequency DC/DC converter needs no electrolytic capacitors
			Single-cell boost converter
			455kHz noise considerations
		139 2 AA cells replace 9V battery, extend operating life
		140 A simple, surface mount flash memory Vpp generator
		141 No design switching regulator 5V, 5A buck (step-down) regulator
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
	Section 6 : Switching Regulator Design: DC/DC Controllers
		142 Dual controller provides 2μs step response and 92% efficiency for 1.5V rails
			Introduction
			1.5V/25A and 1.2V/25A buck converter
			Detect transient feature further speeds up transient response
			Conclusion
		143 Dual DC/DC controller for DDR power with differential VDDQ sensing and ±50mA VTT reference
			Introduction
			High efficiency, 4.5V to 14V input, dual output DDR power supply
			Load-release transient detection
			VTT reference (VTTR)
			VTT supply
			Conclusion
		144 Single resistor sets positive or negative output for DC/DC converter
			Introduction
			Sensing output voltage has never been easier
			Adjustable/synchronizable switching frequency
			Soft-start and undervoltage lockout
			Boost converters
			Cuk converter
			SEPIC converters
			Conclusion
		145 Multiphase DC/DC controller pushes accuracy and bandwidth limits
			Introduction
			A dual output, 2-phase supply with differential remote sensing and inductor DCR sensing
			A tried-and-true architecture
			Load step improvement with voltage positioning
			Conclusion
		146 2-phase DC/DC controller makes fast, efficient and compact power supplies
		147 High performance 3-phase power supply delivers 65A and high efficiency over the entire load range
			Introduction
			Stage Shedding operation
			3-phase high efficiency VRM9.x power supplies for Pentium 4 CPU
		148 Reduce component count and improve efficiency in SLIC and RF power supplies
			Introduction
			A dual output SLIC supply with simplified feedback using the LTC3704
			Improved battery protection using the LTC3704’s programmable undervoltage lockout
			A current mode, −8.0V, 1.2A RF power supply with no current sense resistor
		149 SOT-23 DC/DC converters generate up to ±35V outputs and consume only 20μA of quiescent current
			±20V dual output converter with output disconnect
			24V boost converter
			1V to 35V boost converter
			1-cell to 3V boost converter
	Section 7 : Switching Regulator Design: Buck-Boost Controllers
		150 80V synchronous 4-switch buck-boost controller delivers hundreds of watts with 99% efficiency
			Introduction
			240W 48V 5A telecom power supply
			500W charger for 12S liFePO4 battery
			Four servo loops and wide voltage range
			Conclusion
		151 Wide input voltage range boost/inverting/SEPIC controller works down to an input voltage of 1.6V
			Introduction
			Wide input voltage range with internal LDO
			Sensing output voltage made easier
			Adjustable/synchronizable switching frequency
			Precision UVLO and soft-start
			A 2.5V to 15V to 12V SEPIC converter
			A 1.8V to 4.5V to 5V/2A boost converter
			Conclusion
		152 High efficiency 4-switch buck-boost controller provides accurate output current limit
			Introduction
			LTC3789 features
			12V, 5A output from a 4V to 38V input
			Accurate output (or input) current limit
			Conclusion
		153 Buck-boost controller simplifies design of DC/DC converters for handheld products
			Introduction
			High efficiency controller capabilities
			3.3V, 3A converter operates from 2.7V–10V source
			95% efficiency
			Conclusion
		154 Wide input voltage range buck-boost converter simplifies design of variable input supplies
			Introduction
			Efficiency
			Programmable Burst Mode operation
			1.27mm profile Li-Ion to 3.3V regulator
			Conclusion
		155 Buck or boost: rugged, fast 60V synchronous controller does both
			Introduction
			Feature rich controller
			High efficiency 48V to 3.3V/6A power supply
			High efficiency 12V to 24V/5A synchronous step-up fan power supply
		156 Industry’s first 4-switch buck-boost controller achieves highest efficiency using a single inductor
			Introduction
			High efficiency 4-switch buck-boost converter
			Replacing a SEPIC converter
			Protection for boost operation
			Simplify
			Conclusion
		157 High input voltage monolithic switcher steps up and down using a single inductor
			Introduction
			4V–60V input to 5V output DC/DC automotive converter
			8V–60V input to 12V output DC/DC converter
			Conclusion
		158 Supply 2A pulses for GSM transmission from 500mA USB or PCMCIA ports
			Introduction
			Powering GSM modems from USB or PCMCIA
			5V converter in USB On-The-Go devices
			Conclusion
		159 Micropower buck/boost circuits: converting three cells to 3.3V
		160 250kHz, 1mA IQ constant frequency switcher tames portable systems power
			3.3V SEPIC converter
			Dual output converter
		161 DC/DC converters for portable computers
		162 No design switching regulator 5V buck-boost (positive-to-negative) regulator
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
	Section 8 : Linear Regulator Design
		163 High voltage inverting charge pump produces low noise positive and negative supplies
			Introduction
			Inverting charge pump
			Constant frequency mode
			Burst mode operation
			Dual LDOs
			Conclusion
		164 80V linear regulator is micropower
			Introduction
			Introducing the LT3010 high voltage LDO
			A versatile and rugged regulator
			Conclusion
		165 Very low dropout (VLDO) linear regulators supply low voltage outputs
			Introduction
			VLDO circuit descriptions
			Conclusion
		166 Lowest noise SOT-23 LDOs have 20μA quiescent current, 20μVRMS noise
			Applying the regulators
			Noise performance
			Other advantages
			Conclusion
		167 High efficiency linear and switching solutions for splitting a digital supply
		168 UltraFast linear regulator eliminates all bulk tantalum and electrolytic output capacitors
			Introduction
			New LTC regulator controllers
			Conclusion
		169 Fast response low dropout regulator achieves 0.4 dropout at 4A
			Enter the LT1580
			The LT1580 brings many new features
			Circuit example
		170 Create a virtual ground with a sink/source voltage regulator
		171 5V to 3.3V regulator with fail-safe switchover
		172 A simple ultralow dropout regulator
		173 Powering 3.3V digital systems
			Regulator design
		174 A simple ultralow dropout regulator
	Section 9 : Micromodule (μModule) Power Design
		175 Dual 13A μModule regulator with digital interface for remote monitoring & control of power
			Digital power system management: set, monitor, change and log power
			Dual μModule regulator with precision READ/WRITE of power parameters
			Internal or external compensation
			Current share for up to 100A at 1VOUT
			Conclusion
		176 36V input, low output noise, 5A μModule regulator for precision data acquisition systems
			Introduction
			Integrated switching and linear regulators
			PCB trace voltage compensation using SENSEP
			Programmable output voltage
			DC1738A highlights the LTM8028 capabilities
			Noise test comparison using LTC2185 ADC
			Conclusion
		177 Step-down μModule regulator produces 15A output from inputs down to 1.5V—no bias supply required
			15A high efficiency output from a low input voltage
			Input and output ripple
			Thermally enhanced packaging
			Conclusion
		178 Dual μModule DC/DC regulator produces high efficiency 4A outputs from a 4.5V to 26.5V input
			Dual system-in-a-package regulator
			Multiphase operation for four or more outputs
			Thermal performance
			Conclusion
		179 Triple output DC/DC μModule regulator in 15mm × 15mm × 2.8mm surface mount package replaces up to 30 discrete components
			Introduction
			Dual switching 4A and 1.5A VLDO regulators
			Multiple low noise outputs
			Thermally enhanced packaging
			Output voltage tracking
		180 Dual 8A DC/DC μModule regulator is easily paralleled for 16A
			Two independent 8A regulator systems in a single package
			Simple and efficient
			Parallel operation for increased output current
			Conclusion
		181 μModule buck-boost regulators offer a simple and efficient solution for wide input and output voltage range applications
			Introduction
			High efficiency
			Low profile solution
			Smooth transition and circuit simplicity
			Excellent thermal performance
			Conclusion
		182 8A low voltage, low profile DC/DC μModule regulator in 9mm × 15mm package weighs only 1g
			Introduction
			8A DC/DC μModule regulator in an IC form factor
			Wealth of features
			Quick and easy design
			Thermally enhanced packaging
			Output voltage tracking
			Current sharing: 8A + 8A = 16A
			Fault conditions: overcurrent limit and thermal shutdown
			Conclusion
		183 Simple and compact 4-output point-of-load DC/DC μModule system
			Introduction
			4-output DC/DC converter power system
			Output tracking
			Frequency synchronization
			Conclusions
		184 10A high performance point-of-load DC/DC μModule regulator
			Introduction
			10A DC/DC μModule regulator in IC form factor
			Quick and easy design
			Thermally enhanced packaging
			Fast transient response
			Paralleling the μModule regulator for 20A output
	Section 10 : Switching Regulators for Isolated Power Design
		185 Isolated converters have buck simplicity and performance
			Simple isolated 3.3V, 30A forward converter
			PolyPhase design ups power limit
			Related products
			Features
			Conclusion
		186 Multiple output isolated power supply achieves high efficiency with secondary side synchronous post regulator
			Introduction
			Design example
			Conclusion
		187 Chip set offers low cost alternative to 48V telecom modules
			Isolated 48V to 3.3V supply
			Conclusion
		188 5V high current step-down switchers
			Low cost high efficiency (80%), high power density DC/DC converter
			Synchronous switching eliminates heat sinks in a 50W DC/DC converter
	Section 11 : Power Control & Ideal Diode Design
		189 Ideal diodes protect against power supply wiring errors
			Introduction
			Types of misconnections
			Conclusion
		190 Ideal diode controller eliminates energy wasting diodes in power OR-ing applications
			Introduction
			Automatic power switching between two power sources
			Load sharing
			Conclusion
		191 Replace ORing diodes with MOSFETs to reduce heat and save space
			Introduction
			Ideal −48V ORing diode
			Fault output detects damaged MOSFETs and fuses
			Positive low voltage ideal diodes
			Conclusion
		192 Dual monolithic ideal diode manages multiple power inputs
			Introduction
			Triple supply power management
			Automatic switchover between a battery and a wall adapter with a battery charger
			Conclusion
		193 PCMCIA socket voltage switching
			Introduction
			LTC1472: complete VCC and VPP PCMCIA switch matrix with SafeSlot protection
			Conclusion
		194 PC card power management techniques
	Section 12 : Battery Management
		195 Complete battery charger solution for high current portable electronics
			Introduction
			Input multiplexer
			Dual high current input application
			0V ~6V input on either WALL or USB
			>6V input on either WALL or USB
			<0V input on either WALL or USB
			OTG operation
			Conclusion
		196 Battery conditioner extends the life of Li-Ion batteries
			Introduction
			The underlying aging process in Li-Ion batteries
			Conditions that affect the aging process
			Battery conditioner avoids conditions that accelerate aging
			Conclusion
		197 Simple calibration circuit maximizes accuracy in Li-Ion battery management systems
			Introduction
			Accounting for the error sources
			Examining calibration strategies
			Conclusion
			Reference
		198 USB power solution includes switching power manager, battery charger, three synchronous buck regulators and LDO
			Introduction
			Switching PowerPath controller maximizes available power to the system load
			Complete power solution in a single IC
			Conclusion
		199 Switching USB power manager with PowerPath control offers fastest charge time with lowest heat
			Introduction
			PowerPath controllers deliver more power to the system load
			LTC4088 makes charging more efficient
			LTC4088 reduces USB charge time
			LTC4088 eases thermal constraints
			Conclusion
		200 Universal Li-Ion battery charger operates from USB and 6V to 36V input in just 2cm2
			Introduction
			Adaptive high voltage buck minimizes total power loss
			USB power manager maximizes power available to the system
			Small footprint
			Summary
		201 Handheld high power battery charger
			Introduction
			Small PCB footprint
			Advanced features and functions
			Flexible options
			Conclusion
		202 Fast, high efficiency, standalone NiMH/NiCd battery charging
			Introduction
			NiCd /NiMH battery charging basics
			Complete 4-cell NiMH battery charger
			Standalone charge termination
			Conclusion
		203 Dual Smart Battery charger simplifies battery backup for servers
			Introduction
			LTC1760 dual smart battery charger
			LTC1760 power management
		204 Advanced topology USB battery charger optimizes power utilization for faster charging
			Benefits of the LTC4055
			Simple circuit automatically selects the best power source
			Operation with wall adapter present
			Operation with no wall adapter, but USB available
			Unplugged operation
			Conclusion
		205 Simplify battery charging from the USB
			Introduction
			Charging from USB or a wall adapter
			Faster charging with system in full operation
		206 Li-Ion linear charger allows fast, full current charging while limiting PC board temperature to 85°C
			Introduction
			Thermal feedback loop limits IC temperature
			Charge cycle with thermal limit in operation
			Thermally enhanced package dramatically improves power dissipation
			Complete standalone charger
			Conclusion
		207 Dual battery power manager increases run time by 12% and cuts charge time in half
			Introduction
			Automatic current sharing
			Simultaneous discharge increases run time
			Faster charge times with a second battery
			Automatic crisis power management
			Conclusion
		208 Single inductor, tiny buck-boost converter provides 95% efficiency in lithium-ion to 3.3V applications
			Introduction
			All ceramic capacitor, single inductor, 2W Li-Ion to 3.3V converter
			WCDMA dynamically controlled power amp power supply
		209 Tiny step-up/step-down power supply delivers 3.3V at 1.3A in battery-powered devices
			Introduction
			Regulated output voltage from a range of inputs
			Highly efficient
		210 A very low cost SOT-23 Li-Ion battery charger requires little area and few components
			A simple low cost Li-Ion charger
			A programmable constant current source
		211 Simple Li-Ion charge termination using the LT1505
		212 Li-Ion charge termination IC interfaces with PWM switchers
			Battery pack protection
			LT1510 battery charger IC
			LTC1729 Li-Ion charge termination IC
			Complete 2-cell Li-Ion charger
			The charge cycle
			Board layout and testing
		213 A miniature, low dropout battery charger for lithium-ion batteries
			Introduction
			Operation and circuit description
			Programming charge current
			Typical application
				1.5A single cell battery charger
			Conclusion
		214 New charger topology maximizes battery charging speed
			Introduction
			LT1511 battery charger IC
			All surface mount lithium-ion charger
		215 Inexpensive circuit charges lithium-ion cells
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Other charging options
		216 Battery backup regulator is glitch-free and low dropout
		217 Dual PowerPath controller simplifies power management
			Automatic switchover between battery and AC adapter
			Power routing circuit for microprocessor controlled dual battery systems
		218 Low dropout, constant-current/constant-voltage 3A battery charger
			Introduction
			Higher duty cycle for the LT1511 battery charger
			Enhancing dropout voltage
		219 Fused lead battery charger ICs need no heat sinks
		220 New micropower, low dropout regulators ease battery supply designs
		221 Micropower DC/DC converter with independent low-battery detector
			A 2-cell to 5V converter
			Super Burst Mode operation: 5V/80mA DC/DC with 15μA quiescent current
		222 High efficiency lithium-ion battery charger
			Lithium-ion battery charger
			Thermal calculations
		223 A 4-cell NiCd regulator/charger for notebook computers
			Quick charge battery charger
			Extremely low voltage drop regulator
			Very low power dissipation
			Cost-effective and efficient power system
		224 Switching regulator allows alkalines to replace NiCds
	Section 13 : Energy Harvesting & Solar Power Circuits
		225 Tiny 2-cell solar panel charges batteries in compact, off-grid devices
			Introduction
			The importance of maximum power point control
			LTC3105 boost converter with input power control
			Solar-powered Li-Ion battery charger
			Conclusion
		226 Energy harvester produces power from local environment, eliminating batteries in wireless sensors
			Introduction
			Ambient energy sources
			Application examples
			Piezoelectric transducer application
			Seebeck transducer application
			Harvest energy from the EM field produced by standard fluorescent lights
			Conclusions
	Section 14 : Charge Pump DC/DC Converter Design
		227 Step-down charge pumps are tiny, efficient and very low noise
			Introduction
			Efficient low noise fixed 1.5V output charge pump with ultrasmall footprint
			Ultralow noise adjustable charge pump with spread spectrum operation
			Versatility
			Conclusion
		228 New charge pumps offer low input and output noise
			Burst Mode operation vs constant frequency
			Input noise reduction
			Typical applications
		229 Step-up/step-down DC/DC conversion without inductors
			Introduction
			Regulator operation
			Dual output supply from a 2.7V to 10V input
			Conclusion
		230 Ultralow quiescent current DC/DC converters for light load applications
			2-cell to 5V conversion with IQ = 12μA
			Ultralow quiescent current (IQ < 5μA) regulated supply
			Micropower LDO regulator consumes <5μA
	Section 15 : Flyback Converter Design
		231 Micropower isolated flyback converter with input voltage range from 6V to 100V
			Introduction
			Simple and accurate primary-side voltage sensing
			Very small size, low component count solution
			Low IQ, small preload and high efficiency
			Conclusion
		232 Flyback controller simplifies design of low input voltage DC/DC converters
			Introduction
			High efficiency controller capabilities
			3.3V, 10A converter operates from a 9V to 18V source
			3.3V, 10A converter operates from a 9V to 36V source
			Conclusion
		233 Flyback controller improves cross regulation for multiple output applications
			Introduction
			Improved load and cross regulation
			Efficiency
			Composite feedback provides additional design flexibility
			Conclusion
		234 No RSENSE controller is small and efficient in boost, flyback and SEPIC applications
			Introduction
			A high efficiency 5V, 2A networking logic supply
			A 2 square inch, 12V non-isolated flyback housekeeping supply for telecom applications
			Programmable undervoltage lockout provides clean start-up and power-down
		235 Isolated flyback converter regulates without an optocoupler
			Introduction
			The design criteria
			Circuit description
			Circuit operation
			Conclusion
		236 Isolated DC/DC conversion
		237 Isolated power supplies for Local Area Networks
			Introduction
			Circuit design
			Transformer design
		238 A battery-powered laptop computer power supply
	Section 16 : Supercapacitor Charging
		239 Supercapacitor-based power backup system protects volatile data in handhelds when power is lost
			Introduction
			Backup power application
			Conclusion
		240 Supercapacitor-based power backup prevents data loss in RAID systems
			Introduction
			Backup power applications
			Design example
			Conclusion
		241 Complete energy utilization improves run time of a supercap ride-through application by 40%
			Introduction
			Complete energy utilization maximizes run time of supercap ride-through application
			40% improvement in run time
			How it works
			Maximizing usage of the energy in the supercap
			Conclusion
		242 Supercapacitors can replace a backup battery for power ride-through applications
			Introduction
			Supercapacitor characteristics
			Conclusion
	Section 17 : Current Source Design
		243 Convert temperature to current at high linearity with current source
			Electronics 101
			A real 2-terminal current source
			The LT3092 as a T-to-I converter
			Conclusion
		244 Versatile current source safely and quickly charges everything from large capacitors to batteries
			Introduction
			Safe, small and flexible
			Simple strobe capacitor charger
			Charge small capacitors fast
			Charge batteries too
			Conclusion
	Section 18 : Hot Swap and Circuit Protection
		245 Protect sensitive circuits from overvoltage and reverse supply connections
			Introduction
			Undervoltage, overvoltage and reverse supply protection
			Accurate and fast overvoltage and undervoltage protection
			Novel reverse supply protection
			There’s more! AC blocking, reverse VIN Hot Swap control when VOUT is powered
			Conclusion
		246 Simple energy-tripped circuit breaker with automatic delayed retry
			Introduction
			Higher currents permitted for shorter time intervals
			A current-controlled delay interval
			Extending the retry time interval
			Conclusion
		247 Hot Swap controller, MOSFET and sense resistor are integrated in a 5mm × 3mm DFN for accurate current limit and load current monitoring in tight spaces
			Introduction
			LTC4217 features
			Integrated MOSFET and sense resistor
			Adjustable current limit
			Voltage and current monitoring
			Typical application
		248 Hot Swap solution meets AMC and MicroTCA standards
			Introduction
			Advanced mezzanine card application
			Conclusion
		249 An easy way to add auxiliary control functions to hot swap cards
			Introduction
			Additional control
			Conclusion
		250 Electronic circuit breaker in small DFN package eliminates sense resistor
			Introduction
			Overcurrent protection
			Flexible overcurrent setting
			Overvoltage protection
			Typical electronic circuit breaker (ECB) application
			Accurate ECB with sense resistor
			High side switch for N-channel logic level MOSFET
			Conclusion
		251 AdvancedTCA Hot swap controller monitors power distribution
			Introduction
			Circuit solutions
			Cutting diode dissipation
			Zero Volt Transient
		252 Protecting and monitoring hot swappable cards in high availability systems
			Introduction
			Redundant power
			Monitoring power through a Hot Swap controller
			Adding fuse detection
			Summary
		253 AdvancedTCA Hot Swap controller eases power distribution
			Introduction
			Power requirements
			Circuit solutions
			Zero Volt Transient
			Energy storage
			Computing energy
		254 PCI Express power and MiniCard solutions
			Introduction
			Power requirements
			Circuit solutions
			PCI express Mini Card
		255 Low voltage hot swap controller ignores backplane noise and surges
			Control 25W with a 10-lead MS package
			Dual level current control
			Inrush limiting
			Adaptive response to overloads
			Recovery from faults
		256 Hot Swap circuit meets InfiniBand specification
		257 Hot Swap and buffer I2C buses
			Capacitance buffering and rise time accelerator features
			Conclusion
		258 Power supply isolation controller simplifies hot swapping the CompactPCI bus for 5V-/3.3V-only applications
			LTC1646 feature summary
			Typical application
			Power-up sequence
			Conclusion
		259 A 24V/48V hot swap controller
			Typical application
			Automatic restart
		260 Dual channel Hot Swap controller/power sequencer allows insertion into a live backplane
			Basic operation
			Power supply tracking and sequencing
			Conclusion
		261 Hot swapping the compactPCI bus
			LTC1643 feature summary
			Typical application
			Power-up sequence
			Conclusion
		262 Power solutions for the device bay
			Device bay power requirements
			Power solution for Vid_3.3V on the system side
			Power solutions for DB32, DB20 and DB13 form factors on the device side
		263 Hot swapping the PCI bus
			Inrush current and data bus problems
			Hot swappable PCI slot using the LTC1421
			System timing
			Conclusion
		264 Safe hot swapping
			Typical application
			Board insertion timing
	Section 19 : Power over Ethernet
		265 Active bridge rectifiers reduce heat dissipation within PoE security cameras
			Introduction
			The old way loses power
			Improve performance with ideal diodes
			Results
			Conclusion
		266 High power PoE PD interface with integrated flyback controller
			Introduction
			PD interface controller
			Synchronous flyback controller
			High efficiency, triple output, high power PD
			PSE and auxiliary supplies
			2-pair vs 4-pair PD
			Conclusion
		267 Simple battery circuit extends Power over Ethernet (PoE) peak current
			Introduction
			The PoE circuit
			PowerPath and charger circuit
			High transient load or continuous current load operation
			Optimization options
			Conclusion
		268 Fully autonomous IEEE 802.3af power over ethernet midspan PSE requires no microcontroller
			Introduction
			A PSE’s duties
			Disconnect detection
			Supplying 3.3V from −48V
			LTC4259A options
		269 Power over Ethernet isolated power supply delivers 11.5W at 90% efficiency
			Conclusion
	Section 20 : System Monitoring and Control
		270 Pushbutton on/off controller with failsafe voltage monitoring
			Introduction
			Pushbutton challenges
			Orderly power-on
			Orderly power-off: short interrupt pulse
			Failsafe features
			Conclusion
		271 Versatile voltage monitors simplify detection of overvoltage and undervoltage faults
			Introduction
			Basic operation
			Minimum fault length monitor
			Conclusion
		272 Power supply sequencing made simple
			Introduction
			Three phases of the power management cycle
			LTC2928 configuration software designs it for you
			Conclusion
		273 Pushbutton on/off controller simplifies system design
			Introduction
			De-bounces turn-on
			Protect against faults at power-up
			Controlled power-down
			Operation without μP
			High voltage, micropower
			Conclusion
		274 Tracking and sequencing made simple with tiny point-of-load circuit
			Introduction
			Basic operation
			Negative supply tracking
			Conclusion
		275 Accurate power supply sequencing prevents system damage
			Introduction
			How it works
			Conclusion
		276 Power supply tracker can also margin supplies
			Conclusion
		277 Dual micropower comparator with integrated 400mV reference simplifies monitor and control functions
			Introduction
			“Gas gauge” battery monitor
			Simple window-function status monitor
			Micropower thermostat/temperature alarm
			Conclusion
		278 Monitor network compliant −48V power supplies
			Introduction
			Features
			Application example
		279 Multiple power supplies track during power-up
			Introduction
			Five supply voltage tracker circuit
			Conclusion
		280 I2C fan control ensures continuous system cooling
			Introduction
			Continuous system cooling and tachometer monitoring
			Additional features
		281 Monitor system temperature and multiple supply voltages and currents
			Multitude of measurements
	Section 21 : Powering LED Lighting & Other Illumination Devices
		282 60V, synchronous step-down high current LED driver
			Introduction
			48V input to 35V output, 10A LED driver optimized for efficiency
			36V input to 20V output, 10A LED driver with fastest PWM dimming
			Solar-powered battery charger
			Conclusion
		283 60V buck-boost controller drives high power LEDs, charges batteries and regulates voltage with up to 98.5% efficiency at 100W and higher
			Introduction
			Buck-boost controller drives 100W LED string for airplane and truck lights
			36V, 2.5A SLA battery charger
			120W, 6V to 55V voltage regulator
			Conclusion
		284 Offline LED lighting simplified: high power factor, isolated LED driver needs no opto-isolators and is TRIAC dimmer compatible
			Introduction
			No-opto operation
			High power factor, low harmonics
			TRIAC dimmer compatible
			Open- and shorted-LED protection
			CTRL pins and analog dimming
			Conclusion
		285 Reduce the cost and complexity of medium LCD LED backlights with a single inductor LED driver for 60 LEDs
			Introduction
			Typical application
			Need more current?
			TSET pin for thermal protection
			Channel disable capability
			Conclusion
		286 100V controller drives high power LED strings from just about any input
			Introduction
			Boost
			Buck mode
			Buck-boost mode
			Conclusion
		287 Triple LED driver in 4mm × 5mm QFN supports LCD backlights in buck, boost or buck-boost modes and delivers 3000:1 PWM dimming ratio
			Introduction
			Integrated PMOS drivers improve PWM dimming ratio to 3000:1
			Buck mode circuit drives three 500mA LED strings
			Boost mode circuit drives three 200mA LED strings
			Buck-boost mode circuit survives load dump events
			Conclusion
		288 μModule LED driver integrates all circuitry, including the inductor, in a surface mount package
			Introduction
			A superior LED driver
			Easy to use
			Rich feature set
			Conclusion
		289 Versatile TFT LCD bias supply and white LED driver in a 4mm × 4mm QFN
			Introduction
			3-output TFT supply with digitally dimmed LED backlight
			Conclusion
		290 Tiny universal LED driver can gradate, blink or turn on nine individual LEDs with minimal external control
			Introduction
			Blinking and gradation modes
			Single IC drives cell phone backlight, new message/missed call/battery charger indicator, and RGB function select button
			Control for cell phone backlight, vibrator motor and sound
			Conclusion
		291 Drive large TFT-LCD displays with a space-saving triple-output regulator
			Introduction
			Conclusion
		292 Versatile high power LED driver controller simplifies design
			Introduction
			Fully integrated, high power LED driver controller
			LED dimming
			Boost circuit
			Buck-boost circuit
			LED protection and other features
			Conclusion
		293 High voltage buck converters drive high power LEDs
			Introduction
			Single buck 1A LED driver
			Dual buck 1.5A LED driver
			Conclusion
		294 Wide input range 1A LED driver powers high brightness LEDs with automotive and 12VAC supplies
			Introduction
			Automotive LED driver
			Driving LEDs from 12VAC input
			Thermal regulation
			Conclusion
		295 Monolithic converter drives high power LEDs
			Introduction
			Boost driver
			Buck driver
			Buck-boost driver
			Conclusion
		296 Quad output switching converter provides power for large TFT LCD panels
			Introduction
			4-output supply with soft-start
			Wide input range supply
			Conclusion
		297 Basic flashlamp illumination circuitry for cellular telephones/cameras
			Introduction
			Flashlamp circuitry
			Conclusion
		298 DC/DC converter drives white LEDs from a variety of power sources
			Introduction
			Lithium-ion source (3.3V to 4.2V)
			2-alkaline cell source (1.8V to 3.0V)
			Automotive power source (9V to 16V)
			Conclusion
		299 High efficiency ThinSOT white LED driver features internal switch and schottky diode
			Introduction
			Li-Ion-powered driver for four white LEDs
			Dimming control
			Conclusion
		300 White LED driver in tiny SC70 package delivers high efficiency and uniform LED brightness
			Introduction
			Li-Ion-powered driver for three white LEDs
			Easy dimming control
			Conclusion
		301 Photoflash capacitor charger has fast efficient charging and low battery drain
			Introduction
			Features
			Interfacing to a microcontroller
			Conclusion
		302 High efficiency white LED driver guarantees matching LED brightness
			Introduction
			Li-Ion LED driver for four white LEDs
			Dimming control
			Conclusion
		303 High power desktop LCD backlight controller supports wide dimming ratios while maximizing lamp lifetime
			Introduction
			LT1768 dual CCFL backlight inverter
			Multimode dimming
			LT1768 fault modes
			Additional features
		304 Tiny regulators drive white LED backlights
			Introduction
			Circuit descriptions
			Brightness control
			Summary
		305 High power CCFL backlight inverter for desktop LCD displays
		306 Low input voltage CCFL power supply
		307 A precision wideband current probe for LCD backlight measurement
			Current probe circuitry
			Current calibrator
		308 Floating CCFL with dual polarity contrast
	Section 22 : Automotive and Industrial Power Design
		309 Versatile industrial power supply takes high voltage input and yields from eight 1A to two 4A outputs
			Introduction
			Configurable maximum output current
			External VCC LDO and external input power supply start-up control
			Unique power control and features
			Conclusion
		310 65V, 500mA step-down converter fits easily into automotive and industrial applications
			Introduction
			65V input, 500mA DC/DC converter with an adjustable output down to 800mV
			24V regulator with 300mA output current limit and input undervoltage lockout
			Input current limit
			Conclusion
		311 2-phase, dual output synchronous boost converter solves thermal problems in harsh environments
			Introduction
			Advantages of synchronous rectification
			Dual output automotive boost converter
			Conclusion
		312 High efficiency USB power management system safely charges Li-Ion/polymer batteries from automotive supplies
			Introduction
			Complete USB/battery charging solution for use in large transient environments
			Overvoltage protection covers the entire battery charger/power manager system
			Conclusion
		313 Low profile synchronous, 2-phase boost converter produces 200W with 98% efficiency
			Introduction
			A 24V output boost converter at 8.5A (continuous), 10.5A (peak) from a car battery
			Performance results
			Basic calculations and component selection
			Conclusion
		314 4-phase boost converter delivers 384W with no heat sink
			Introduction
			384W boost converter
			Conclusion
		315 Power monitor for automotive and telecom applications includes ADC and I2C interface
			Introduction
			Automotive power monitoring
			Telecom power monitoring with PoE
			Conclusion
		316 Direct efficient DC/DC conversion of 100V inputs for telecom/automotive supplies
			Introduction
			Feature-rich controller
			High efficiency 36V–72V to 2.5V/6A power supply
		317 Monolithic step-down regulator withstands the rigors of automotive environments and consumes only 100μA of quiescent current
			Introduction
			Features of the LT3437
			Brutal input transients
			Low quiescent currents
			Soft-start capability
			Conclusion
		318 Monitor and protect automotive systems with integrated current sensing
			Introduction
			Simple current monitoring solutions
			Solving the H-bridge problem
			Conclusion
	Section 23 : Video Design Solutions
		319 High resolution video solutions using single 5V power
			Introduction
			High resolution video input-port multiplexer
			High resolution single-supply cable driver
			Economical SXGA/HD cable driver
			Conclusion
		320 Pass HDMI compliance tests with ease
			Introduction
			LTC4300A-1 bus buffer
			LTC4300A-3 level shifting buffer
			Conclusion
		321 Video difference amplifier brings versatility to low voltage applications
			Introduction
			Dual input pair zaps common mode noise pickup
			Perform video rate analog arithmetic
			Conclusions
		322 Video signal distribution using low supply voltage amplifiers
			Introduction
			Video signal characteristics
			Amplifier considerations
			Handling AC-coupled video signals
			Conclusion
		323 Tiny RGB video multiplexer switches pixels at 100MHz
			Introduction
			Expanding inputs does not increase power dissipation
			Add your own logo
		324 An adjustable video cable equalizer
		325 4 × 4 video crosspoint has 100MHz bandwidth and 85dB rejection at 10MHz
			4 × 4 crosspoint
		326 Single 4-input IC gives over 90dB crosstalk rejection at 10MHz and is expandable
			Introduction
			Expanding the number of inputs
			PC board layouts
			Switching transients
		327 Send color video 1000 feet over low cost twisted-pair
		328 Video circuits collection
			Introduction
			Multiplex amplifiers
			Loop through cable receivers
			DC restore circuits
			Fader circuits
		329 Low cost differential input video amplifiers simplify designs and improve performance
			Wideband voltage controlled amplifier
			Extending the input range on the LT1193
PART 2 : Mixed Signal
	Section 1 : Data Conversion: Analog-to-Digital
		330 Generating a ±10.24V true bipolar input for an 18-bit, 1Msps SAR ADC
			Introduction
			Simple driver circuit
			Layout is important
			Conclusion
		331 Driving a low noise, low distortion 18-bit, 1.6Msps ADC
			Introduction
			Fully differential driver
			Single supply driver
			Layout considerations
			Conclusion
		332 Driving lessons for a low noise, low distortion, 16-bit, 1Msps SAR ADC
			Introduction
			Single-ended to differential converter
			Fully differential drive
			PCB layout
			Conclusion
		333 Maximize the performance of 16-bit, 105Msps ADC with careful IF signal chain design
			Introduction
			Signal chain topology
			Conclusion
		334 Upgrade your microcontroller ADC to true 12-bit performance
			Introduction
			Application circuits
			Conclusion
		335 Digitize a $1000 sensor with a $1 analog-to-digital converter
			Introduction
			Digitize an accurate sensor with an accurate ADC
			Not so obvious features
			Conclusion
		336 True rail-to-rail, high input impedance ADC simplifies precision measurements
			Introduction
			Solving common issues
			Applications
			Conclusion
		337 Easy Drive ADCs simplify measurement of high impedance sensors
		338 Easy Drive delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters cancel input current errors
			Introduction
			How does it work?
			What is wrong with on-chip buffers?
			Conclusion
		339 16-bit ADC simplifies current measurements
			Introduction
			Data transfer
			Data reception pseudocode
			Power and analog inputs
			Conclusion
		340 12-bit ADC with sequencer simplifies multiple-input applications
			New ADC automatically converts multiple inputs with different spans at different rates
			Writing and reading the sequencer
			Running the sequencer
			Conclusion
		341 A-to-D converter does frequency translation
			Down conversion with an ADC
		342 Resolving very small temperature differences with a delta-sigma ADC
			Platinum RTDs
			Self-heating effects
			Bridge connection of RTDs
			Series connection of RTDs
			Pulsed excitation
		343 1- and 2-channel No Latency ΔΣ 24-bit ADCs easily digitize a variety of sensors, part 1
			Single-ended half-bridge digitizer with reference and ground sensing
			Pseudo-differential applications
			Noise rejection
		344 1- and 2-channel No Latency ΔΣ 24-bit ADCs easily digitize a variety of sensors, part 2
			Introduction
			Digital cold junction compensation
			RTD temperature digitizer
			Conclusion
		345 24-bit ADC measures from DC to daylight
		346 High accuracy differential to single-ended converter for ±5V supplies
			Introduction
			Operation
		347 Micropower MSOP 10-bit ADC samples at 500ksps
			Introduction
			Features
				Smallest size (MSOP)
				3V or 5V supplies
			Performance
				Micropower performance with auto shutdown at full speed
				High speed capability
				Good DC and AC specs
				Flexible inputs
				Serial I/O
				Battery current monitor
			Conclusion
		348 16mW, serial/parallel 14-bit ADC samples at 200ksps
			Introduction
			High performance without high power
			Differential inputs with wideband CMRR
			Single supply or dual supply operation
			On-chip reference
			Parallel or serial data output
			Perfect for telecom: wide dynamic range
			Conclusions
		349 16-bit, 333ksps ADC achieves 90dB SINAD, −100dB THD and no missing codes
			Fastest 16-bit sampling ADC
			Outstanding DC and AC performance
			Differential inputs reject common mode noise
			Applications
		350 16-bit, 100ksps A/D converter runs on 5V supply
			Product features
			Circuit description
			AC and DC performance
			Applications
			Conclusion
		351 14-bit, 800ksps ADC upgrades 12-bit systems with 81.5dB SINAD, 95dB SFDR
			Higher dynamic range ADCs
			LTC1419 features
			The LTC1410’s big brother
			10dB extra dynamic range for signal applications
			Noise rejecting differential inputs
			Other nice features
			Time to upgrade?
		352 Micropower 4- and 8-channel, 12-bit ADCs save power and space
			Introduction
			Micropower ADCs in small packages
			Conserve power with auto shutdown operation
			Good DC performance
			Versatile, flexible serial I/O
			Latchup proof MUX inputs
			Individual ADC and MUX chip selects enhance flexibility
			MUXOUT/ADCIN economizes signal conditioning
			Conclusion
		353 1.25Msps, 12-bit ADC conserves power and signal integrity on a single 5V supply
			Introduction
				Single 5V supply, high speed, lowest power
				Tiny package
				Complete ADC with reference and wideband S/H
			Benefits
				Reduce power with single supply operation and two power saving shutdown modes
				Wide bandwidth CMRR
				No latency and low bit error rate (BER)
				DSP interface
				Exemplary AC and DC performance
		354 Micropower ADC and DAC in SO-8 give PCs a 12-bit analog interface
			Introduction
			Small, micropower ADC and DAC
			PC 2-channel analog I/O interface
			Conclusion
			Anchor 18
		355 Micropower 12-bit ADCs shrink board space
			Introduction
			Micropower and 12-bits in an SO-8 package
			Resistive touchscreen interface
		356 1.25Msps 12-bit A/D converter cuts power dissipation and size
			Introduction
			High accuracy conversions: AC or DC
			Important multiplexed applications
			Ideal for telecommunications
			Differential inputs reject noise
			Low power applications
			Conclusion
		357 500ksps and 600ksps ADCs match needs of high speed applications
			Introduction
			High speed ADC family members
			Important applications
			Conclusion
		358 5V and 3V, 12-bit ADCs sample at 300kHz on 75mW and 140kHz on 12mW
			Complete ADCs provide lowest power and highest speed on single or dual supplies
			5V ADCs sample at 300kHz on 75mW of power
			Even more power savings: 3V ADC samples at 140kHz on 12mW
			Conclusion
		Micropower, SO-8, 8-bit ADCs sample at 1kHz on 3μA of supply current
			Two micropower ADCs
			Longer battery life
			A/D conversion for 3V systems
			Smaller instrument size
			AC and DC performance
			Conclusion
	Section 2 : Data Conversion: Digital-to-Analog
		360 12-bit DAC in TSOT-23 includes bidirectional REF pin for connection to op amp or external high precision reference
			Introduction
			Applications using REF pin
			Conclusion
		361 Highly integrated quad 16-bit, SoftSpan, voltage output DAC for industrial and control applications
			Introduction
			Unprecedented integration
			Ease of use
			Example circuits
			Conclusion
		362 Multiple output range 16-bit DAC design made simple
			Introduction
			The old way
			The new, easy way
			Conclusion
		363 Selecting op amps for precision 16-bit DACs
		364 Applications versatility of dual 12-bit DAC
			Introduction
			Applications
				Digitally controlled attenuator and PGA
				Amplified attenuator and attenuated PGA
		365 First dual 12-bit DACs in SO-8
			Low power 5V or 3V single supply
			Complete standalone performance
			Rail-to-rail outputs
			A wide range of applications
			Conclusion
		366 3V and 5V 12-bit rail-to-rail micropower DACs combine flexibility and performance
			Low power, 5V or 3V single supply operation
			Flexibility with standalone performance
			4-quadrant multiplying DAC application
		367 12-bit rail-to-rail micropower dacs in an SO-8
			5V and 3V operation
			True rail-to-rail output
			Wide range of applications
			Flexibility, true rail-to-rail performance and micropower; all in a tiny SO-8
	Section 3 : Data Acquisition
		368 16-channel, 24-bit ΔΣ ADC provides small, flexible and accurate solutions for data acquisition
			Introduction
			Noise reduction
			Conclusion
		369 A versatile 8-channel multiplexer
			Introduction
			Low power, daisy-chain serial interface, 8-channel A /D system
			Conclusion
		370 Temperature and voltage measurement in a single chip
			Introduction
			Measurement performance
			Typical application
			Conclusion
		371 Applications for a micropower, low charge injection analog switch
			Micropower V-F converter
			Precision voltage doubler
			Quad 12-bit sample and hold
		372 12-bit 8-channel data acquisition system interfaces to IBM PC serial port
			IBM PCs collect analog data
			Two glue chips provide the interface
			A few lines of BASIC read the data
			Summary
		373 Auto-zeroing A/D offset voltage
			Introduction
			Circuit description
		374 Complex data acquisition system uses few components
			Introduction
			Implementation
			Filter design specifications and test results
			System considerations
			Conclusion
		375 A two wire isolated and powered 10-bit data acquisition system
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Summary
		376 Closed loop control with data acquisition systems
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Summary
		377 Electrically isolating data acquisition systems
			Introduction
			Circuit description
			Alternatives
			Summary
		378 Temperature measurement using data acquisition systems
			Introduction
			Thermocouple systems
			Thermilinear networks
			Thermistors
			Silicon sensors
		379 Sampling of signals for digital filtering and gated measurements
			Introduction
			The LTC1090 sample and hold
			8-channel data acquisition system with digital filter
			4th order elliptic filter
			Gated measurements of fast signals
		380 Data acquisition systems communicate with microprocessors over four wires
			The LTC1090 family
			Advantages of serial communications
			Speed is usually limited by the MPU
			Talking to serial port MPUs
			Talking to MPUs without serial ports
			Sharing the serial interface
			Conclusion
			References
	Section 4 : Communications Interface Design
		381 Addressable I2C bus buffer provides capacitance buffering, live insertion and nested addressing in 2-wire bus systems
			Introduction
			Live insertion and removal and capacitance buffering application
			Nested addressing and 5V to 3.3V level translator application
		382 Single interface chip controls two smart cards
			Introduction
			Features
			Ease of use
			Conclusion
		383 Isolated RS485 transceiver breaks ground loops
		384 RS485 transceivers sustain ±60V faults
			Introduction
			Up to ±60V faults
			128-node networks at 250kBd
			Extending protection beyond ±60V
		385 SMBus accelerator improves data integrity
			Introduction
			The solution
			Making the upgrade
		386 Providing power for the IEEE1394 “FireWire”
		387 5V RS232/RS485 multiprotocol transceiver
			Introduction
			RS232 and RS485 interfaces
			Key features
			Conclusion
		388 10Mbps multiple protocol serial chip set: Net1 and Net2 compliance by design
			Introduction
			Review of interface standards
			Typical application
		389 RS485 transceivers operate at 52Mbps over 100 feet of unshielded twisted pair
			High speed differential SCSI (fast-20/fast-40 HVD)
			Transmission over long distances
			1Mbps over 12,000 feet using repeaters
			1.6Mbps over 8000 feet using repeaters
			Conclusion
		390 The “smart rock”: a micropower transponder
			Introduction
			The micropower subcircuits
				The oscillator
				If amplifier
				Power driver
			The smart rock system
				Receiver
				Transmitter
				Blanking
			Conclusion
		391 Power supplies for subscriber line interface circuits
			Circuit descriptions
				LT1171 supplies −23.8V at 50mA and −71.5V at 60mA
				LT1269 supplies −23.5V at 60mA and −71.5V at 120mA from 5V input
			Layout and thermal considerations
			Bill of materials
		392 Precision receiver delay improves data transmission
			Circuit description
			Additional features
			Applications
		393 RS485 transceivers reduce power and EMI
			LTC1481
			LTC1483
			LTC1487
			Conclusions
		394 Interfacing to V.35 networks
			What is V.35?
			Problems with traditional implementations
			LTC1345
			Complete V.35 port
		395 ESD testing for RS232 interface circuits
			ESD transients during powered operation
		396 RS232 interface circuits for 3.3V systems
			VPP switcher drives 3V RS232
			ESD protection
		397 RS232 transceivers for handheld computers withstand 10kV ESD
			Interfacing with 3V logic
			ESD protection techniques
			PC board layout
			Conclusion
		398 Low power CMOS RS485 transceiver
			Introduction
			Proprietary output stage
			Propagation delay
			LTC485 line length vs data rate
		399 Active termination for SCSI-2 bus
			Overview of SCSI-2
			Shortcomings of passive terminators
			Active terminators
		400 RS232 transceiver with automatic power shutdown control
		401 A single supply RS232 interface for bipolar A to D converters
		402 Design considerations for RS232 interfaces
			Introduction
			Power supply generators
			Load driving
			Fault conditions
			Isolated transceiver
		403 New 12-bit data acquisition systems communicate with microprocessors over four wires
			The LTC1290 family
			Speed is usually limited by the MPU
			Talking to serial port MPUs
			Talking to MPUs without serial ports
			Sharing the serial interface
			Conclusions
			References
		404 Extending the applications of 5V powered RS232 transceivers
			High speed operation
			Power supply tricks
			Operation with +5V and +12V supplies
		405 New developments in RS232 interfaces
	Section 5 : Instrumentation Design
		406 System monitor with instrumentation-grade accuracy used to measure relative humidity
			A psychrometer: not nearlyas ominous as it sounds
			Error budget
			Try it out!
		407 6-channel SAR ADCs for industrial monitoring and portable instruments
			Power line monitoring application
			Conclusion
		408 Instrumentation amplifiers maximize output swing on low voltage supplies
			Introduction
			A clearer picture of the problem
			The solutions
			The LTC6800 solution
		409 Ultraprecise instrumentation amplifier makes robust thermocouple interface
			Introduction
			The requirements of thermocouple amplification
			A battery-powered thermocouple amplifier
			Filtering and protection
		410 16-bit SO-8 DAC has 1LSB (max) INL and DNL over industrial temperature range
			Nice features of the 16-bit DACs
			16-bit accuracy over temperature without autocalibration
			Ultralow 1nV-s glitch
			Precision 0V to10V outputs with one op amp
			Precision ±10V outputs with a dual op amp
		411 Gain trimming in instrumentation amplifier-based systems
		412 Signal conditioning for platinum temperature transducers
		413 Designing with a new family of instrumental amplifiers
PART 3 : Signal Conditioning
	Section 1 : Operational Amplifier Design Techniques
		414 High voltage CMOS amplifier enables high impedance sensing with a single IC
			Introduction
			The LTC6090 easily solves high voltage sensing problems
			Accurate 50.00V reference
			Simple large-signal buffer
			Conclusion
		415 Matched resistor networks for precision amplifier applications
			Introduction
			Common mode rejection ratio
			Harmonic distortion
			Stability
			Conclusion
		416 Using a differential I/O amplifier in single-ended applications
			Introduction
			Background
			Simple single-ended connection of a fully differential op amp
			A single-ended transimpedance amplifier
			Conclusion
		417 Single-ended to differential amplifier design tips
			Introduction
			Input impedance matching
			The DC-coupled differential amplifier
		418 Current sense amp inputs work from −0.3V to 44V independent of supply
			Introduction
			Solenoid monitoring
			Supply monitoring
			Conclusion
		419 Tiny amplifiers drive heavy capacitive loads at speed
			Introduction
			Demanding circuit requirements
			Tiny current feedback amplifiers
			Component selection and testing
			Conclusion
		420 Micropower op amps work down to 1.8V total supply, guaranteed over temperature
			Introduction
			NiMH and alkaline
			Supply friendliness
			Portable gas sensor
			Conclusion
		421 Low noise amplifiers for small and large area photodiodes
			Introduction
			Small area photodiode amplifiers
			Large area photodiode amplifiers
		422 Op amp selection guide for optimum noise performance
			Introduction
			Quantifying resistor thermal noise and op amp noise
			Summing the noise sources
			Selecting the best op amps
			Conclusion
		423 Easy-to-use differential amplifiers simplify balanced signal designs
			Introduction
			Easy-to-use circuit topology
			Common mode range considerations
			Common mode input range extension
			Versatile functional block
			Conclusion
		424 Dual 25μV micropower op amp fits in 3mm × 3mm package
			Introduction
			Hall sensor amplifier
			DAC amplifier
		425 100MHz op amp features low noise rail-to-rail performance while consuming only 2.5mA
			Low power, , photodiode AC transimpedance amplifier outperforms monolithic solutions
			Single supply 16-bit ADC driver
			Conclusion
		426 High performance op amps deliver precision waveform synthesis
			Introduction
			The LT1722, LT1723 and LT1724 low noise amplifiers
			DAC output amplifier
			Conclusion
		427 Power op amp provides on-the-fly adjustable current limit for flexibility and load protection in high current applications
			Introduction
			Introducing the LT1970
			Boosted output current with “snap-back” current limiting
			Conclusion
		428 Fast and accurate 80MHz amplifier draws only 2mA
			Introduction
			Single supply 1A laser driver
			Low power amplifier with 250V output swing
			Conclusion
		429 SOT-23 superbeta op amp saves board space in precision applications
			Introduction
			Applications
				Getting rail-to-rail operation without rail-to-rail inputs
				Precision photodiode amplifier
				Single supply current source for platinum RTD
			Conclusion
		430 325MHz low noise rail-to-rail SOT-23 op amp saves board space
			1MΩ transimpedance amplifier achieves near theoretical noise performance with large-area photodiodes
			Conclusion
		431 Fast op amps operate rail-to-rail on 2.7V
			Parallel composite amplifier achieves low distortion into heavy loads
			Rail-to-rail pulse-width modulator using the LT1809
		432 Rail-to-rail amplifiers operate on 2.7V with 20μV offset
			Remote 2-wire geophone preamp using the low noise LT1677
			Difference amplifier using the LT1884: ±42V CM input range on a single 5V supply without sacrificing differential gain
		433 Single resistor sets the gain of the best instrumentation amplifier
			Introduction
			Low input bias current and noise voltage
			Input protection
			ADC signal conditioning
			Current source
		434 Maximize dynamic range with micropower rail-to-rail op amp
			Variable current source
			High side current sense amplifier
			3.3V, 1kHz, 4th order Butterworth filter
			Picoampere input current instrumentation amplifier
		435 1μA op amp permits precision portable circuitry
			5.5μA, 0.05μV/°C chopped amplifier
			0.03% linear V/F converter with 13μA power drain
			Portable reference
		436 Low power, fast op amps have low distortion
			Introduction
			Buffering data acquisition systems
			Filters
			A two op amp instrumentation amplifier
			Conclusion
		437 Operational amplifier selection guide for optimum noise performance
		438 Micropower dual and quad JFET op amps feature pA input bias currents and C-Load drive capability
			Introduction
			Driving large capacitive loads
			Applications
		439 Fast current feedback amplifiers tame low impedance loads
			Introduction
			Driving transformer-coupled loads
			Driving capacitive loads
		440 C-Load op amps conquer instabilities
			Introduction
			Driving ADCs
			Remaining stable in the face of difficult loads
			Conclusion
		441 Applications of a rail-to-rail amplifier
			Precision low dropout regulator
			Single supply, 1kHz, 4th order Butterworth filter
			Buffering A/D converters
		442 Source resistance-induced distortion in op amps
			Introduction
			Test circuit
			Results
		443 C-Load op amps tame instabilities
			Introduction
			The problem
			An example
			The solution
			Conclusions
		444 A broadband random noise generator
		445 Peak detectors gain in speed and performance
			Introduction
			Detecting sine waves
			Detecting pulses
		446 3V operation of linear technology op amps
		447 High frequency amplifier evaluation board
			Introduction
			High speed layout techniques
			Optional components
			Supply bypass capacitors
		448 Current feedback amplifier “dos and don’ts”
			Introduction
		449 Improved JFET op amp macromodel slews asymmetrically
			References
		450 Chopper vs bipolar op amps—an unbiased comparison
		451 Ultralow noise op amp combines chopper and bipolar op amps
			Noise measurements
		452 A SPICE op amp macromodel
			Introduction
			The LT1012
			The LT1012 macromodel
			Obtaining this macromodel
			References
		453 A single amplifier, precision high voltage instrument amp
			Reference
		454 Micropower, single supply applications: (1) a self-biased, buffered reference (2) megaohm input impedance difference amplifier
			A self-biased, buffered reference
			Megaohm input impedance difference amplifier
			Reference
		455 Noise calculations1 in op amp circuits
			Instructions for operating NOISE
		456 An op amp SPICE macromodel
		457 Operational amplifier selection guide for optimum noise performance
	Section 2 : Special Function Amplifier Design
		458 Ultraprecise current sense amplifier dramatically enhances efficiency and dynamic range
			Introduction
			Precision buys efficiency
			Print your own sense resistors
			Design tips and details
			Conclusion
		459 Dual current sense amplifiers simplify H-bridge load monitoring
			Introduction
			Measuring load current in the H-bridge
			The simple solution
			Conclusion
		460 Precise gain without external resistors
			Introduction
			The resistors: 0.04% worst case
			The op amp: precision, micropower
			So easy to use
			Battery monitor circuit
			Conclusion
		461 Sense milliamps to kiloamps and digitize to 12 bits
			Introduction
			Operation with an A / D converter
			Conclusion
		462 Op amp, comparator and reference IC provide micropower monitoring capability
			Introduction
			Pilot light flame detector with low-battery lockout
			Tip-acceleration detector for shipping containers
	Section 3 : Voltage Reference Design
		463 Versatile micropower voltage reference provides resistor programmable output from 0.4V to 18V
			Introduction
			Easy output voltage programming
			Create a virtual ground for unipolar processing of bidirectional signals
			Shunt mode operation works like precision zener diode
			Conclusion
		464 Don’t be fooled by voltage reference long-term drift and hysteresis
			Lies about long-term drift
			Competitive reference measures 500 times worse than claimed
			Hysteresis limits repeatability
			Hysteresis—often the “missing” spec
			Conclusion
		465 Voltage references are smaller and more precise
			Introduction
			Longer battery life with precision
			The small fry
			Higher performance, industrial temperature range and surface mount
			CMOS DAC with low drift full-scale trimming**
	Section 4 : Filter Design
		466 A precision active filter block with repeatable performance to 10MHz
			Introduction
			Device description
			Application examples
			A 4th order elliptic lowpass filter
			A 4th order bandpass filter
			Conclusion
		467 High frequency active anti-aliasing filters
			Introduction
			The LT6600-10 lowpass filter
			An LT1819-based RC lowpass filter
			Anti-aliasing 10MHz filters for a differential 50Msps ADC
			Conclusion
		468 Design low noise differential circuits using a dual amplifier building block
			Introduction
			A single-ended to differential amplifier
			A differential buffer/driver
			A differential to single-ended amplifier
			LT1567 free design software
			Conclusion
		469 A digitally tuned anti-aliasing/reconstruction filter simplifies high performance DSP design
			Introduction
			Filtering performance and operation
			Application example: 2-chip “universal” DSP front end
			Conclusion
		470 Replace discrete lowpass filters with zero design effort, two item BoM and no surprises
			Lowpass filters—the traditional approach
			Lowpass filters—the LTC1563 approach
			Easy design without sacrificing performance
			Also included, Chebyshev filters with gain
			Conclusion
		471 Free FilterCAD 3.0 software designs filters quickly and easily
			Linear phase lowpass filters
			Example 1: design a 256kHz linear phase lowpass filter for a single 5V power supply
			Example 2: design a 10kHz low power linear phase lowpass filter for a single 3V power supply
			Example 3: design a 650kHz linear phase lowpass filter for a single 5V power supply
		472 SOT-23 micropower, rail-to-rail op amps operate with inputs above the positive supply
			Introduction
			Tough general purpose op amps
			Tough op amps
			Read all of the specs
			Over-the-top applications
		473 Get 100dB stopband attenuation with universal filter family
		474 Tiny 1MHz lowpass filter uses no inductors
			Frequency and time-domain response
			DC accuracy
			Conclusion
		475 A family of 8th order monolithic filters in an SO-8 package
			LTC1069-1: low power elliptic anti-aliasing filter works from single 3.3V to ±5V supplies
			LTC1069-6: 8th order elliptic lowpass works on single 3V, consumes 1mA
			LTC1069-7: linear-phase communication filter delivers up to 200kHz cutoff frequency and symmetrical impulse response
			Conclusion
		476 A 1mV offset, clock-tunable, monolithic 5-pole lowpass filter
			Using the filter’s internal oscillator
			DC performance
			Dynamic range
		477 High dynamic range bandpass filters for communications
			Introduction
			Design
			Test results
			Conclusions
		478 Switched-capacitor lowpass filters for anti-aliasing applications
			Introduction
			Comparing the LTC1064-1 with RC active filters utilizing operational amplifiers
				Performance
				Test results
				System considerations
			Summary
		479 Chopper amplifiers complement a DC accurate lowpass filter
		480 DC accurate filter eases PLL design
	Section 5 : Comparator Design Techniques
		481 Rail-to-rail I/O and 2.4V operation allow ultrafast comparators to be used on low voltage supplies
			Simultaneous full duplex 75MBd interface with only two wires
			1MHz series resonant crystal oscillator with square and sinusoid outputs
		482 A seven nanosecond comparator for single supply operation
			The LT1394—an overview
			4 × NTSC subcarrier tunable crystal oscillator
			High speed adaptive trigger circuit
		Comparators feature micropower operation under all conditions
		484 Ultralow power comparators include reference
			Voltage reference
			Undervoltage/overvoltage detector
			Single cell lithium-ion battery supply
	Section 6 : System Timing Design
		485 Using a low power SOT-23 oscillator as a VCO
			Introduction
			Programming the output frequency
		486 SOT-23 1kHz to 30MHz oscillator with single resistor frequency set
			Tiny circuit, big performance
			Fast start-up time
			Two-step design process
			Application: temperature-to-frequency converter
			Conclusion
	Section 7 : RMS to DC Conversion
		487 Precision LVDT signal conditioning using direct RMS to DC conversion
			Introduction
			LVDT operation
			Circuit description
			Circuit calibration
			Conclusion
		488 An autoranging true RMS converter
			Introduction
			Autoranging expands input dynamic range
			Circuit description
			Conclusion
		489 RMS to DC conversion just got easy
			Introduction
			Ease of use
			The trouble with log-antilog
			How the LTC1966 RMS to DC converter works
			Summary
PART 4 : Wireless, RF & Communications Design
	490 High input IP3 mixer enables robust VHF receivers
		Introduction
		Impedance match design
		Conclusion
	491 A robust 10MHz reference clock input protection circuit and distributor for RF systems
		Introduction
		Design requirements
		Design implementation
		Performance
		Conclusion
	492 A low power, direct-to-digital IF receiver with variable gain
		Introduction
		IF receiver performance
		Measurement details and receiver circuit
		Conclusion
	493 Fast time division duplex (TDD) transmission using an upconverting mixer with a high side switch
		Introduction
		High side VCC switch for a burst mode transmitter using the LT5579 mixer
		Conclusion
	494 Precision, matched, baseband filter ICs outperform discrete implementations
		Introduction
		The LTC6601-x lowpass filter
		The LTC6605-x, dual, matched, lowpass filter
		Conclusion
	495 A complete compact APD bias solution for a 10Gbits/s GPON system
		Introduction
		An APD bias topology with fast current monitor transient response
		Conclusion
	496 Signal chain noise analysis for RF-to-digital receivers
		Introduction
		NF to SNR: how much ADC resolution?
		SNR to NF
		Conclusion
	497 Programmable baseband filter for software-defined UHF RFID readers
		Introduction
		The LTC6602 dual bandpass filter
		An adaptable baseband filter for an RFID reader
		Conclusion
		References
	498 High linearity components simplify direct conversion receiver designs
		Introduction
		The right components for the job
		A basic receiver design
		Adding free gain to the system
		A more selective filter
		Conclusion
	499 Baseband circuits for an RFID receiver
		Introduction
		A direct conversion receiver
		A low noise differential to single-ended amplifier
		A matched I and Q filter and a dual ADC
		Conclusion
	500 WCDMA ACPR and AltCPR measurements
		Introduction
	501 Low distortion, low noise differential amplifier drives high speed ADCs in demanding communications transceivers
		Introduction
		LT1993-x features
		High speed ADC driving
		WCDMA amplifier and ADC driver
		Conclusion
	502 Wideband RF ICs for power detection and control
		Introduction
		A dual band mobile phone transmitter power control application
		An RFID reader application
		Application of RF power detectors at frequencies above 7GHz
	503 Fiber optic communication systems benefit from tiny, low noise avalanche photodiode bias supply
		Conclusion
	504 ADSL modems that yield long reach and fast data rates
		LT1886: low distortion line driver
		LT1886 frequency response
		A circuit “trick” for a gain of less than 10
	505 A low power, high output current dual CFA makes xDSL line driving clean and easy
		Introduction
		A low distortion HDSL line driver
		Performance
		Conclusion
	506 A low cost 4Mbps IrDA receiver in MS8 and SO-8 packages
		Introduction
		LT1328 functional description
		IrDA SIR
		IrDA FIR
		4ppm
		Conclusion
	507 Telephone ring-tone generation
		Requirements
		An open-architecture ring-tone generator
		Not your standard bench supply
		Quad op amp rings phones
Index