Analog and Digital Communications

Cover
Contents
1 Introduction to Electronic Communication
	Introduction
	1.1 Historical Perspective
	1.2 Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum
	1.3 Signal and its Representation
	1.4 Elements of Electronic Communications System
	1.5 Primary Communication Resources
	1.6 Signal Transmission Concepts
	1.7 Analog and Digital Transmission
	1.8 Modulation
	1.9 Concept of Frequency Translation
	1.10 Signal Radiation and Propagation
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
2 Signals, Probability and Random Processes
	Introduction
	2.1 Classification of Signals and Systems
	2.2 Review of the Fourier Series
	2.3 Convolution and Correlation
	2.4 Power Signal and Spectral Representation
	2.5 Complex Waves
	2.6 The Sampling Function
	2.7 Parseval’s Theorem
	2.8 Geometric Representation of Signals
	2.9 Signal Transmission Through Linear System
	2.10 Random Variables
	2.11 Probability Distributions
	2.12 Central Limit Theorem
	2.13 Random Processes
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
3 Noice
	Introduction
	3.1 Classification and Sources of Noise
	3.2 Frequency-Domain Representation of Noise
	3.3 Representation of Narrowband Noise
	3.4 Linear RC Filtering of Noise
	3.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
	3.6 Noise Analysis and Measurements
	3.7 Equivalent Noise Bandwidth
	3.8 Equivalent Noise Temperature
	3.9 Noise Figure
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
4 Amplitude Modulation Techniques
	Introduction
	4.1 Types of Analog Modulation
	4.2 Principles of Amplitude Modulation
	4.3 AM for a Complex Modulating Signal
	4.4 AM Power Distribution
	4.5 AM Current Distribution
	4.6 Limitations of AM
	4.7 DSBSC Modulation Technique
	4.8 SSB Modulation Technique
	4.9 Vestigial-Sideband (VSB) Modulation Technique
	4.10 Comparison of AM, DSBSC, SSB and VSB
	4.11 Applications of AM
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		Hands-on Projects: MATLAB Simulation Examples
5 Angle Modulation Techniques
	Introduction
	5.1 Principles of Angle Modulation
	5.2 Theory of FM—Basic Concepts
	5.3 Spectrum Analysis of FM Wave
	5.4 Narrowband and Wideband FM
	5.5 Theory of Phase Modulation
	5.6 Relationship between FM and PM
	5.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Angle Modulation
	5.8 Comparison of AM, FM and PM
	5.9 Applications of FM and PM
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		Hands-on Projects: MATLAB Simulation Examples
6 Analog Transmission and Reception
	Introduction
	6.1 AM Radio Transmitters
	6.2 AM Radio Receivers
	6.3 Noise Performance of AM (DSB-C) System
	6.4 DSBSC Modulator and Demodulator
	6.5 SSB Generation
	6.6 SSB Receivers
	6.7 Noise Performance of SSB Systems
	6.8 FM Modulators and Transmitters
	6.9 FM Receivers and Demodulators
	6.10 Noise Performance of Angle-Modulation Systems
	6.11 Communications Receivers
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
		Hands-on Projects: Hardware Implementations
7 Sampling Theorem and Pulse-Modulation Techniques
	Introduction
	7.1 Digital Versus Analog Transmissions
	7.2 Sampling Theorem
	7.3 Classification of Pulse-Modulation Techniques
	7.4 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
	7.5 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
	7.6 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
	7.7 Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM)
	7.8 Quantization of Signals
	7.9 Noise Performance of PCM Systems
	7.10 Differential PCM (DPCM)
	7.11 Adaptive Differential PCM (ADPCM)
	7.12 Delta Modulation
	7.13 Adaptive Delta Modulation
	7.14 Continuous Variable Slope DM (CVSDM)
	7.15 Comparison of PCM Techniques
	7.16 Vocoders
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
		Hands-on Projects: Hardware Implementations
8 Digital Baseband Transmission and Multiplexing
	Introduction
	8.1 Need and Properties of Line Codes
	8.2 Line Encoding Techniques
	8.3 Power Spectra of Discrete PAM Signals
	8.4 Intersymbol Interference and Equalization
	8.5 Baseband Pulse Shaping for Data Transmission
	8.6 Baseband Signal Receiver Model
	8.7 Scrambling and Unscrambling
	8.8 Multiplexing in Telecommunications Networks
	8.9 Synchronous and Asynchronous TDM
	8.10 Single-Channel PCM Transmission System
	8.11 T1 Digital Carrier System
	8.12 Digital Signal Hierarchy
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
		Hands-on Projects
9 Digital Modulation Techniques
	Introduction
	9.1 Types of Digital Modulation
	9.2 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
	9.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
	9.4 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
	9.5 Quarature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
	9.6 Carrier Synchronization for Coherent Detection
	9.7 Multilevel or M-Ary PSK (MPSK)
	9.8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
	9.9 Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
	9.10 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)
	9.11 Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation
	9.12 Choice of Digital Modulation Techniques
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
		Hands-on Projects: Hardware Implementations
10 Information Theory
	Introduction
	10.1 Information
	10.2 Entropy and Its Properties
	10.3 Differential Entropy
	10.4 Entropy of Extended Discrete Memoryless Source
	10.5 Entropy of Binary Memoryless Source
	10.6 Entropy of Multilevel Memoryless Source
	10.7 Joint and Conditional Entropy
	10.8 Mutual Information
	10.9 Discrete Memoryless Channels
	10.10 Channel Capacity
	10.11 Channel Capacity Theorem
	10.12 Bandwidth and Channel Capacity
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Objective Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
		MATLAB Simulation Examples
11 Source and Channel Coding
	Introduction
	11.1 Objectives of Source Coding
	11.2 Source Coding Technique
	11.3 Shannon’s Source Coding Theorem
	11.4 Shannon-Fano Source Coding
	11.5 Data Compaction
	11.6 Huffman Source Coding
	11.7 Lempel-Ziv Coding
	11.8 Need of Channel Coding
	11.9 Channel Coding Theorem
	11.11 Rate Distortion Theory
	11.12 Compression of Information
	11.13 Error Control and Coding
	11.14 Linear Block Coding
	11.15 Convolutional Coding
	11.16 Interleaving
	11.17 Trellis Code Modulation (TCM)
	11.18 Turbo Coding
	11.19 LDPC Codes
	11.20 Comparison of Coded and Uncoded Systems
		Advance-Level Solved Examples
		Chapter Outcomes
		Important Equations
		Key Terms with Definitions
		Short-Answer Type Questions with Answers
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Review Questions
		Analytical Problems
12 Spread Spectrum Communication
	Introduction
	12.1 The Concept of Spread Spectrum
	12.2 General Model of SS Communication System
	12.3 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technique
	12.4 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Technique
	12.5 Time Hopping Spread Spectrum Technique
	12.6 Spread Spectrum and CDMA
	12.7 CDMA in a Cellular Environment
	12.8 Multi-user DS-CDMA System
	12.9 Benefits of Spread Spectrum Communication
	12.10 Multiple Access Techniques
	12.11 Recent Trends in Digital Radio Technology
	Advance Level Solved Examples
	Chapter Outcomes
	Important Equations
	Key Terms with Definitions
	Objective Type Questions with Answers
	Multiple Choice Questions
	Review Questions
	Analytical Problems
Index