An opportunity for a different Peru. Prosperous, equitable, and governable

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor Biographies
Acronyms
Synthesis
	I. Rationale—Why This Book?
	II. The Opportunity for a Different Peru—The Main Messages
	III. An Economy That Creates Jobs
	IV. A New Social Contract
	V. A State to Be Proud of
	VI. Putting It All Together—An Agenda For Action
Part I Thematic Chapters
	Chapter 1. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society
		I. Introduction
		II. Growth and Poverty Reduction—Over Time and Across Countries
		III. How to Achieve Sustained High Growth
		Bibliography
	Chapter 2. Governance: A Strategy for State Reform
		I. Introduction
		II. Toward a New Strategy for State Reform
		III. Diagnostic: Four Areas of State Reform
		IV. Policy Recommendations
		V. Conclusion
		Bibliography
		Annex
Part II An Economy That Generates Jobs
	MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
		Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Framework for Sustainable Growth
			I. Background
			II. Sources of Economic Growth: An Accounting Framework
			III. Recent Macroeconomic Performance and Key Challenges
			IV. Key Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 4. Toward a More Efficient Tax Policy
			I. Introduction
			II. Structure and Trends in the Tax System
			III. The Three Main Problems: Exemptions, Business Informality and Tax Evasion, and Constantly Changing Rules
			IV. Current Tax Policies and Some Policy Options
			V. Conclusions
			Bibliography
			Annex 1. Principal Changes in Tax Legislation over the Past 10 Years
			Annex 2. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Law Changes, 1997–2000
			Annex 3. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Measures, 2001–05
		Chapter 5. Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Management
			I. Background
			II. Debt Sustainability
			III. Debt Management and Debt Market Development, 2000–05
			Annex I. International Comparisons: Tables and Graphs
			Annex II. Analytical Framework for Fiscal Sustainability
			Bibliography
		Chapter 6. Infrastructure Concessions: Moving Forward
			I. Main Infrastructure Sector Issues
			II. Infrastructure Needs and Impact on Poverty and Growth
			III. Moving Forward
			Bibliography
	GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS
		Chapter 7. Access to Financial Services: Setting the Basis for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
			I. Current Status
			II. Future Challenges
			III. Key Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
			Annex
		Chapter 8. Trade and Competitiveness in Peru
			I. Recent Performance and Challenges for Trade and Competitiveness
			II. Key Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 9. Toward Agricultural Competitiveness and Rural Social Equity
			I. Background
			II. Conditions: Foundations for a Policy of Equitable Agricultural Development
			III. Options: Competitiveness and Social Equity
			Bibliography
		Chapter 10. Territorial Development
			I. Introduction
			II. The Context
			III. Progress in the Territorial Approach
			IV. Creation of the Mechanism to Support Territorial Development
			V. Some Steps for Implementation
			Bibliography
	INFRASTRUCTURE
		Chapter 11. Urban Transportation
			I. Transportation Problems in Lima
			II. Recent Initiatives
			III. Regional Reform Trends in the Sector
			IV. Policy Options and Recommendations
			V. Problems and Outlooks in Other Urban Centers of Peru
			Bibliography
		Chapter 12. Rural Infrastructure
			I. Key Problems
			II. Options for a Rural Infrastructure Policy and Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 13. Electricity Sector
			I. Introduction
			II. Main Issues and Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 14. Potable Water and Sanitation
			I. Introduction
			II. Principal Challenges for the Sector
			III. Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 15. Housing
			I. Background
			II. Recent Policies
			III. Recommendations
			Bibliography
	NATURAL RESOURCES
		Chapter 16. Natural Resources and Development
			I. Background
			II. Biological Diversity
			III. Conserving Biodiversity through Natural Protected Areas
			IV. Forestry
			V. Soil Degradation
			Bibliography
		Chapter 17. Oil and Gas Sector
			I. Background
			II. Upstream Investments and Oil Production
			III. Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products
			IV. The Gas Industry
			V. Environmental and Social Impacts
			VI. Overall Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 18. Water Resources
			I. Overview
			II. Water Resources Challenges and Possible Solutions
			III. Recommendations
		Chapter 19. Increasing the Benefits from the Fisheries Sector through Policy Reform
			I. Introduction
			II. Background
			III. Specific Problems
			IV. The Future
			V. Policy Recommendations
			Annex
			References
		Chapter 20. Mining: The Challenge of Sustainability
			I. The Importance of Mining
			II. Challenges and Potential Impediments to Growth
			III. Mining Environmental Legacies
			Bibliography
	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
		Chapter 21. Setting Environmental Priorities in Peru
			I. Background
			II. Setting Priorities from the Cost of Environmental Degradation
			III. Tackling Environmental Priorities
			IV. Institutional Analysis
			V. Policy Options
			Bibliography
		Chapter 22. Environmental Degradation and Environmental Health Policy in Peru
			I. Introduction
			II. Diagnosis of Factors and Recommendations
			III. Conclusions and Recommendations
			Bibliography
Part III A New Social Contract
	GENERAL WELLBEING
		Chapter 23. Poverty, Inequality, and Inclusion
			I. Poverty and Inequality Update and Trends, 2001–04
			II. Poverty Profile
			III. Poverty Dynamics
			IV. Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
			Annex I. Statistical Tables
			Annex II. Measuring the Size and Living Standards of the Indigenous Population
		Chapter 24. Property Rights and Land Tenancy
			I. Property Rights and Land Ownership: Contribution to Economic and Social Development
			II. Background
			III. Current Property Rights and Land Tenancy Problems
			IV. Conclusions and Recommendations
			Bibliography
			Annex 1. Urban Property Rights Project
			Annex 2. Organization Chart of National and Local Institutions associated with Property Rights in Peru
			Annex 3. Institutions that Handle Information on Property Rights in Peru
		Chapter 25. Youth
			I. Introduction
			II. The Situation of Youth
			III. Conclusions
			Bibliography
			Annex
	SOCIAL SECTORS
		Chapter 26. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society
			I. The Current Situation
			II. The Role of Spending
			III. Two Special Problems: Desertion and Bilingual Education
			IV. Many Peruvians Know What to Do, But the System Still Doesn’t
			V. Decentralization’s Challenges and Opportunities
			VI. Policy Recommendations
			VII. Short-Term Priorities
			VIII. Summary of Priorities
			Bibliography
		Chapter 27. Tertiary Education
			I. Introduction
			II. Expansion and Diversification
			III. Financing of Tertiary Education
			IV. Equitable Access to Tertiary Education
			V. Quality and Relevance
			VI. Efficiency
			VII. Linkages and Articulation
			VIII. University Research
			IX. Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 28. Health Outcomes and Public Health Sector Performance
			I. Introduction
			II. Background and Context
			III. Innovations and Challenges in the Management and Financing of Health Care
			IV. Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 29. The Social Safety Net
			I. Sector Background: The Social Safety Net Sector
			II. Key Issues in the Social Safety Net Sector
			III. Future Prospects: Constraints and Opportunities in Reforming the SSN Sector
			IV. Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 30. Human Resources in Public Health and Education in Peru
			I. Low-Level Equilibrium
			II. Antipoor Bias
			III. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 31. The Pension System
			I. Background, Context, Diagnosis
			II. The Future
			III. Policies
			Bibliography
Part IV A State to Be Proud of
	MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE
		Chapter 32. Decentralization
			I. Background
			II. Challenges
			III. Policy Options
			Bibliography
		Chapter 33. E-Government
			I. Trends and the Current Situation
			II. Peru in the International Context
			III. The Risks of Nonimplementation
			IV. Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 34. Justice
			I. Introduction
			II. Composition of the Justice Sector
			III. Barriers in Access to Justice: Diagnostics and Issues for the Sector
			IV. Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
	ACCESS TO WELLBEING
		Chapter 35. Crime and Violence
			I. Diagnostic
			II. Players and Policies
			III. Policy Recommendations
			Bibliography
		Chapter 36. Voice and Participation
			I. Introduction
			II. Communications Channels and Participation
			III. Functionality of Voice Mechanisms
			IV. A Look Towards the Future: Trends and Recommendations
			Bibliography