An Invitation to Health, Brief Fifth Edition (with Personal Health Self-Assessment with Health Almanac and CengageNOW, InfoTrac Printed Access Card)

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Real Health......Page 29
Health and Wellness......Page 31
Physical Health......Page 32
Intellectual Health......Page 33
FAQ: How Healthy Are Young Americans?......Page 34
Staying Healthy on Campus......Page 35
FAQ: Does Gender Matter?......Page 38
Diversity and Health......Page 39
Understanding Health Behavior......Page 41
The Transtheoretical Model......Page 42
FAQ: How Can I Change a Bad Health Habit?......Page 45
How You Change......Page 46
Learn It / Live It: Making Healthy Changes......Page 48
Review Questions......Page 49
Key Terms......Page 50
2 Psychological Health......Page 51
What Is Psychological Health?......Page 53
Knowing Your Needs......Page 54
The Pursuit of Happiness......Page 55
FAQ: How Can I Get Out of a Bad Mood?......Page 56
Clarifying Your Values......Page 57
Expressing Gratitude......Page 59
Developing Autonomy......Page 60
Overcoming Loneliness......Page 61
Why Sleep Matters......Page 62
FAQ: How Much Sleep Do I Need?......Page 63
Mental Health on Campus......Page 64
The Mind-Body Connection......Page 65
FAQ: Why Are So Many Young People Depressed?......Page 66
Gender and Depression......Page 67
Treating Depression......Page 68
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)......Page 69
Panic Attacks and Panic Disorders......Page 70
Attention Disorders......Page 71
Suicide in the Young......Page 72
FAQ: What Leads to Suicide?......Page 73
Suicide Prevention......Page 74
Types of Therapy......Page 75
Learn It / Live It: Surviving and Thriving......Page 77
Critical Thinking......Page 78
Key Terms......Page 79
3 Personal Stress Management......Page 81
What Causes Stress?......Page 83
FAQ: Is Stress Hazardous to Physical Health?......Page 84
Stress and the Heart......Page 85
Stress on Campus......Page 86
FAQ: How Can I Cope with Test Stress?......Page 87
Minorities Under Stress......Page 88
Men, Women, and Stress......Page 89
Illness and Disability......Page 90
Discrimination......Page 91
FAQ: What Can Help Me Relax?......Page 93
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)......Page 95
Resilience......Page 96
FAQ: How Can I Better Manage My Time?......Page 97
Learn It/Live It: De-Stress Your Life......Page 98
Review Questions......Page 99
Key Terms......Page 100
4 The Joy of Fitness......Page 101
Gender, Race, and Fitness......Page 103
The Toll of Sedentary Living......Page 104
Why Exercise?......Page 105
FAQ: What Are the Latest Exercise Guidelines for Americans?......Page 108
FITT......Page 109
Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness......Page 111
Target Heart Rate......Page 112
Aerobic Options......Page 113
Building Muscular Fitness......Page 116
Muscles at Work......Page 117
Designing a Muscle Workout......Page 118
Performance-Enhancing Drugs......Page 120
The Benefits of Flexibility......Page 121
Stretching......Page 123
Mind-Body Approaches......Page 124
Body Composition......Page 125
Body Mass Index (BMI)......Page 126
Safe and Healthy Workouts......Page 127
FAQ: How Can I Prevent Injuries?......Page 128
Taking Care of Injuries......Page 129
Learn It / Live It: Shaping Up......Page 130
Critical Thinking......Page 131
Key Terms......Page 132
5 Personal Nutrition......Page 133
FAQ: How Many Calories Do I Need?......Page 135
Carbohydrates......Page 137
Fats......Page 139
Vitamins and Minerals......Page 140
Using the MyPyramid System......Page 145
Increase Foods from Certain Food Groups......Page 147
Choose Carbohydrates Wisely......Page 149
FAQ: Do Men and Women Have Different Nutritional Needs?......Page 150
Dietary Diversity......Page 151
FAQ: What Should I Know About Vegetarian Diets?......Page 152
Portions and Servings......Page 153
FAQ: What Should I Look For on Nutrition Labels?......Page 154
Functional Foods......Page 155
FAQ: What Causes Food Poisoning?......Page 157
Food Allergies......Page 158
Nutritional Quackery......Page 159
Review Questions......Page 160
Key Terms......Page 161
6 Taking Control of Your Weight......Page 163
FAQ: How Did We Get So Fat?......Page 165
Body Image......Page 167
Male and Female Body Image......Page 168
Weight and the College Student......Page 169
FAQ: Is My Weight Healthy?......Page 170
The Impact on the Body......Page 171
FAQ: I’m Too Thin: How Can I Gain Weight?......Page 172
FAQ: Why Do I Overeat?......Page 173
Weight Loss Diets......Page 174
Avoiding Diet Traps......Page 177
Who’s in Charge?......Page 179
Reach Out for Support – Real and Virtual......Page 180
Maintaining Weight Loss......Page 181
Disordered Eating in College Students......Page 182
Binge Eating......Page 183
FAQ: Who Develops Eating Disorders?......Page 184
Bulimia Nervosa......Page 185
Learn It / Live It: Managing Your Weight......Page 186
Media Menu......Page 187
Key Terms......Page 188
7 Relationships and Sexuality......Page 189
I, Myself, and Me......Page 191
Dating......Page 192
Hooking Up......Page 193
Dysfunctional Relationships......Page 194
FAQ: What Is Emotional Abuse?......Page 195
Romantic Love......Page 196
Cohabitation......Page 197
Long-Term Same-Sex Relationships......Page 198
Marriage......Page 199
FAQ: What Is the Current Divorce Rate?......Page 200
Women’s Sexual Health......Page 201
Men’s Sexual Health......Page 206
Sexual Decision Making......Page 208
FAQ: Why Don’t College Students Practice Safer Sex?......Page 210
The Sex Life of American Adults......Page 211
Homosexuality......Page 212
FAQ: What Does It Mean to Abstain?......Page 213
Nonpenetrative Sexual Activity (Outercourse)......Page 214
Intercourse......Page 215
Anal Stimulation and Intercourse......Page 216
Learn It / Live It: Being Sexually Responsible......Page 217
Critical Thinking......Page 218
Key Terms......Page 219
8 Reproductive Choices......Page 221
Birth Control Basics......Page 223
Abstinence and Nonpenetrative Sexual Activity......Page 225
Hormonal Contraceptives......Page 226
Oral Contraceptives......Page 227
The Patch (Ortho Evra)......Page 229
The NuvaRing......Page 230
Intrauterine Contraceptives: Mirena......Page 231
Prescription Barriers......Page 232
Nonprescription Barriers......Page 234
Periodic Abstinence and Fertility Awareness Methods......Page 238
Male sterilization......Page 239
Female sterilization......Page 240
Thinking Through the Options......Page 241
Other Abortion Methods......Page 242
Politics of Abortion......Page 243
Preconception Care......Page 244
Complications of Pregnancy......Page 245
FAQ: What is Childbirth like?......Page 248
FAQ: What Are the Options for Infertile Couples?......Page 250
Learn It / Live It: Protecting Your Reproductive Health......Page 251
Review Questions......Page 252
Key Terms......Page 253
9 Preventing Infectious Diseases......Page 255
Agents of Infection......Page 257
The Process of Infection......Page 258
How Your Body Protects Itself......Page 259
Immune Response......Page 260
Immune Disorders......Page 261
FAQ: Who Is at Highest Risk of Infectious Diseases?......Page 262
Common Cold......Page 263
Influenza......Page 264
Meningitis......Page 265
Hepatitis......Page 266
Tuberculosis......Page 268
Insect- and Animal-borne Infections......Page 269
Reproductive and Urinary Tract Infections......Page 270
FAQ: How Common Are STIs on Campus?......Page 272
Risk Factors and Risk Continuum......Page 274
Human Papilloma Virus......Page 276
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)......Page 278
Gonorrhea......Page 279
Syphilis......Page 280
HIV and AIDS......Page 281
Reducing the Risk of HIV Transmission......Page 282
HIV Infection......Page 283
Treating HIV/AIDS......Page 284
Learn It / Live It: The Best Defense......Page 285
Critical Thinking......Page 286
Key Terms......Page 287
10 Lowering Your Risk of Major Diseases......Page 289
How the Heart Works......Page 291
FAQ: Why Should I Worry About Heart Disease?......Page 292
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease......Page 294
Risk Factors You Can Control......Page 295
Risk Factors You Can’t Control......Page 298
Preventing Hypertension......Page 299
FAQ: What Is a Healthy Blood Pressure?......Page 301
FAQ: What Is a Healthy Cholesterol Reading?......Page 302
Lowering Cholesterol......Page 303
FAQ: How Do I Know It’s a Heart Attack?......Page 304
FAQ: What Cause a Stroke?......Page 305
Understanding Cancer......Page 306
FAQ: Who Is at Risk for Developing Cancer?......Page 307
Heredity......Page 308
Infectious Agents......Page 309
Maintain a Healthy Weight......Page 310
Skin Cancer......Page 311
Breast Cancer......Page 313
Ovarian Cancer......Page 315
Prostate Cancer......Page 316
FAQ: Who Is at Risk for Developing Diabetes?......Page 317
Diabetes Signs and Symptoms......Page 318
Learn It / Live It: Preventing Serious Illnesses......Page 319
Review Questions......Page 320
Key Terms......Page 321
11 Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse......Page 323
Why Students Use Drugs......Page 325
Gambling......Page 326
Routes of Administration......Page 327
FAQ: What Should I Know About Over-the-Counter Drugs?......Page 328
Prescription Drugs......Page 330
Caffeine and Its Effects......Page 331
Dependence......Page 332
FAQ: What Causes Drug Dependence and Abuse?......Page 333
Cannabis......Page 334
Club Drugs (Designer Drugs)......Page 338
Stimulants......Page 340
Depressants......Page 345
Inhalants......Page 347
Treating Substance Dependence and Abuse......Page 348
Relapse Prevention......Page 349
Review Questions......Page 350
Media Menu......Page 351
Key Terms......Page 352
12 Alcohol and Tobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse......Page 353
Blood-Alcohol Concentration......Page 355
Intoxication......Page 357
Abstinence......Page 358
FAQ: What Is Binge Drinking?......Page 359
Drinking and Driving......Page 360
Social Norms and Student Drinking......Page 361
Binge Drinking on Campus......Page 362
FAQ: Why Do Students Binge?......Page 363
“Secondhand” Drinking Problems......Page 364
How Students Protect Themselves from Unsafe Drinking......Page 365
FAQ: What Are Colleges Doing to Prevent Alcohol Abuse?......Page 366
Alcohol’s Effects on the Body......Page 367
Brain and Behavior......Page 368
Fetal Alcohol Effects and Syndrome......Page 369
Race......Page 370
Alcohol Problems......Page 371
Alcohol Dependence and Abuse......Page 372
Alcoholism Treatments......Page 373
Smoking in America......Page 374
Why Do People Start Smoking?......Page 375
FAQ: Is Social Smoking Less Risky?......Page 376
Smoking, Gender, and Race......Page 377
Tar and Carbon Monoxide......Page 378
Heart Disease and Stroke......Page 379
Other Smoking-Related Problems......Page 380
FAQ: What Are Bidis?......Page 381
Smokeless Tobacco......Page 382
Quitting on Your Own......Page 383
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)......Page 384
Live It / Learn It: Taking Charge of Alcohol and Tobacco......Page 386
Review Questions......Page 387
Key Terms......Page 388
13 Protecting Yourself, Your Rights, and Your Health......Page 389
Becoming a Safer Driver......Page 391
Safe Cycling......Page 393
Violence in the United States......Page 394
Crime and Violence on Campus......Page 395
Sexual Harassment on Campus......Page 396
Rape......Page 397
Impact of Rape......Page 399
Safeguarding Your Health......Page 400
Making Smart Health-Care Decisions......Page 401
Self-Care......Page 402
The Doctor-Patient Partnership......Page 403
Complementary and Alternative Medicine......Page 404
Types of CAM......Page 405
Your Medical Rights......Page 408
The Health Care System......Page 410
Paying for Health Care......Page 411
Learn It / Live It: Taking Charge of Your Health......Page 412
Critical Thinking......Page 413
Key Terms......Page 414
14 Working Toward a Healthy Environment......Page 415
The Impact of Pollution......Page 417
FAQ: What Is Global Warming?......Page 418
Indoor Pollutants......Page 420
How Loud Is That Noise?......Page 421
Effects of Noise......Page 422
FAQ: Is Bottled Water Better?......Page 423
FAQ: What Health Risks Are Caused by Pesticides?......Page 424
Microwaves......Page 425
Learn It / Live It: Taking Care of Mother Earth......Page 426
Review Questions......Page 427
Key Terms......Page 428
15 A Lifetime of Health......Page 429
FAQ: How Long Can I Expect to Live?......Page 431
Avoid Illness......Page 432
Physical Activity: It’s Never Too Late......Page 433
The Aging Brain......Page 434
Women at Midlife......Page 435
Men at Midlife......Page 436
The Challenges of Age......Page 437
Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 438
Preparing for Medical Crises and the End of Life......Page 439
Holographic Wills......Page 440
Denying Death......Page 442
FAQ: What Do We Know About Near-Death Experiences?......Page 443
Funeral Arrangements......Page 444
Grief ’s Effects on Health......Page 445
Live It / Learn It: Living Long and Well......Page 446
Critical Thinking......Page 447
Key Terms......Page 448
Making This Chapter Work for You: Answers To Multiple Choice Questions......Page 449
Glossary......Page 450
References......Page 458
Index......Page 468