An introduction to nineteenth century art

Content: Chapter 1: A Time of Transition 
 Social Critique 
 Moral Reform 
 Monarch as Model 
 Era of Change 
 Age of Discovery 
 Grand Tour 
 Antiquity Becomes Fashionable 
 Neoclassical Style 
 Calm Grandeur in Dante --
Chapter 2: Classical Influences and Radical Transformations 
 Neoclassicm in Britain 
 Neoclassicism Becomes Popular 
 The Elgin Marbles 
 Homer Illustrations 
 Political Instability in France 
 D\'Angiviller\'s Reform Program 
 Roman Virtue 
 Neoclassical Eroticism 
 Neoclassical Sculpture 
 Neoclassicism in Denmark and the German States --
Chapter 3: Re-presenting Contemporary History 
 Legitimizing Contemporary History 
 Painting of Contemporary History in France 
 Political Instability 
 New Hero for a New Republic 
 Equestrian Portraits: Rulers on Horseback 
 Neoclassicism made Ridiculous 
 Legitimizing Bonaparte 
 Transgressive History Painting 
 Representing Republican Values 
 Establishing Museums --
Chapter 4: Romanticism 
 Origins and Characteristics 
 Burke\'s Sublime 
 Blake and the Imagination 
 Nature Mysticism 
 Goya: Ambiguity and Modernism 
 Abnormal Mental States 
 Sculpture 
 Escape to the National Past: England 
 Medievalism in France: Troubadour Style 
 Medievalism in the German States 
 The Nazarenes --
Chapter 5: Shifting Focus: Art and the Natural World 
 New Attitudes Toward Nature 
 Academic Landscape Tradition 
 Nature and the Sublime 
 The Picturesque 
 Turner: From Convention to Innovation 
 Constable: Conservative Nostalgia 
 Naturalism and Tourism 
 Friedrich: Patriotism and Spirituality 
 Feminization of Nature 
 Hudson River School 
 American West --
Chapter 6: Colonialism, Imperialism, Orientalism 
 Documenting Distant Lands and People 
 Colonial Citizens 
 Picturing Slavery 
 Native Americans: Ideal or Foe? 
 Orientalism Emerges 
 Orient Imagined 
 Delacroix\'s Orientalism 
 Orientalist Sculpture 
 International Exhibitions. Chapter 7: New Audiences, New Approaches 
 Modernism, Urbanization, Instability 
 Bourgeois Morality and the Separation of Spheres 
 Biedermeier and the Emergence of Middle Class Culture 
 Biedermeier Portraiture 
 Biedermeier Cityscapes 
 Biedermeier Peasant Painting 
 Biedermeier Landscape 
 Biedermeier History Painting 
 Golden Age in Denmark 
 Biedermeier in Russia 
 Mid-Century America 
 Victorian Painting 
 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 
 Municipal Art Associations --
Chapter 8: Photography as Fact and Fine Art 
 \"Invention\" of Photography 
 Documenting Current Events 
 Social Reform 
 Photography and Science 
 Portraiture 
 Landscape 
 Travel 
 Photography as a Fine Art 
 Pictorialism and New Technologies --
Chapter 9: Realism and the Urban Poor 
 Contrasting Responses to 1848 
 Urban Migration 
 Social Unrest 
 Alcoholism 
 Female Suicide 
 Middle Class Working Women 
 Poor Working Women 
 Prostitution 
 Documenting Work 
 Idealized Labor 
 Oppressed Workers 
 Reforming the Poor 
 Chapter 10: Imagined Communities: Views of Peasant Life 
 Peasant Identity 
 Peasant Imagery Before 1848 
 Courbet\'s Burial: More than Just a Funeral 
 Academically Acceptable Peasant Images 
 Powerful Peasants: Heroic or Threatening? 
 Pitiable Peasants 
 Idealized Peasants 
 Grim Realities. Chapter 11: Crisis in the Academy 
 The Importance of Titles 
 History Painting and Autobiography: Courbet 
 The Situation of Women Artists 
 Salon of 1863 and Salon des Refuses 
 Salon of 1865 
 Sculpture and Politics 
 Foreign Artists in Paris 
 Art Academies in Austria and the German States 
 Menzel and Academic Realism 
 World\'s Fairs --
Chapter 12: Impressionism 
 Truth 
 Haussmannization 
 New Paris 
 Flâneurs and Boulevardiers 
 Experimentation 
 Old Paris 
 Bourgeois Leisure 
 Café Society 
 Suburban Industry 
 Suburban Leisure 
 Natural and Acquired Identities 
 Gare Saint Lazare 
 Seaside Resorts 
 Beaches, Bathing, and Hygiene 
 Cézanne and Postimpressionism 
 The Macchiaioli --
Chapter 13: Symbolism 
 Symbolist Precursors 
 Animate Nature 
 Music 
 Music and Genius 
 Rodin: Abstract Ideas in Human Form 
 Pessimistic Withdrawal 
 Women: Angels or Whores? 
 Imagination Out of Control 
 Virgin Mothers 
 Social Pessimism 
 Memory and Degeneration 
 Gauguin: Seeking But Never Finding 
 Van Gogh: Expressing Nature 
 Genius and Creativity 
 Beyond the Five Senses --
Chapter 14: Individualism and Collectivism 
 Artists\' Colonies 
 Pont Aven 
 Worpswede 
 Skagen 
 Artist Organizations 
 Society of Independent Artists 
 The Nabis 
 Rose + Croix 
 Les XX 
 National Identity 
 France: Monet\'s Cathedrals 
 Russia 
 Serbia 
 Poland 
 Finland 
 Hungary.