An Introduction to Gauge Theories and Modern Particle Physics, Volume 2 (Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology)

Frontmatter......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 22
Notational conventions......Page 23
Note added in proof: the discovery of the top quark (?)......Page 29
Note added in proof: the demise of the SSC......Page 31
18 - Determination of the Kobayashi--Maskawa matrix......Page 33
18.1 KM matrix elements from [GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA]-decay reactions......Page 34
18.2 KM matrix elements from deep inelastic scattering......Page 40
18.3 Summary......Page 42
19 - Mixing and CP violation......Page 44
20.1 Introduction......Page 85
20.2 Parameters and physical observables in a field theory......Page 86
20.3 The idea of renormalization......Page 88
20.4 Choice of cut-off procedure---regularization......Page 94
20.5 Choice of renormalization scheme......Page 98
20.6 The renormalization group......Page 105
20.7 A concrete example of different renormalization schemes......Page 108
20.8 Consequences of the renormalization group equation......Page 110
20.9 Scaling and asymptotic freedom......Page 113
20.10 Appendix to Chapter 20......Page 118
21.1 Introduction......Page 129
21.2 Gauge theories: QED......Page 130
21.3 Gauge theories: QCD......Page 136
21.4 Feynman rules for QCD......Page 146
21.5 The renormalization group for QCD......Page 148
21.6 The effect of heavy quarks......Page 153
21.7 The running coupling in QCD......Page 156
21.8 Conclusion......Page 159
22.1 e+e[MINUS SIGN] -> hadrons......Page 160
22.2 Deep inelastic lepton scattering......Page 167
23.1 Partons in a field theoretic context......Page 187
23.2 QCD corrections to the parton model......Page 200
23.3 Structure of the leading logarithmic terms......Page 206
23.4 Q2-dependent distribution functions......Page 212
23.5 Summary of the evolution equations in LLA......Page 218
23.6 Small x behaviour of the Q2-dependent gluon distribution in LLA......Page 221
23.7 Behaviour of distributions as x -> 1 in LLA......Page 224
23.8 Beyond the LLA......Page 227
23.9 Comparison with experiment in deep inelastic scattering......Page 234
23.10 General form of the QCD-improved parton model......Page 238
23.11 QCD corrections to Drell--Yan and W production......Page 241
23.12 Summary......Page 250
24 - Large pT phenomena and jets in hadronic reactions......Page 251
25.2 General outline of e+e[MINUS SIGN] jets......Page 285
25.3 SPEAR two-jet events......Page 290
25.4 Planar events: evidence for three jets......Page 297
25.5 Tests of QCD up to LEP energies......Page 300
25.6 The total hadronic width at the Z0......Page 301
25.7 Basic Monte Carlo formulations......Page 302
25.8 QCD Monte Carlo programs......Page 304
25.9 Multiplicity......Page 309
25.10 Global event-shape analysis......Page 310
25.11 Jet definition or recombination schemes......Page 314
25.13 To what extent is QCD being tested?......Page 317
26 - Low pT or `soft' hadronic physics......Page 321
27 - Some non-perturbative aspects of gauge theories......Page 333
27.1 QCD sum rules......Page 334
27.2 Lattice approach to QCD......Page 336
27.3 The vacuum in quantum mechanics and instantons......Page 344
27.4 The QCD vacuum and instantons......Page 350
27.5 Strong CP violation and the U(1) problem......Page 360
27.6 Baryon and lepton non-conservations: sphalerons......Page 364
28.1 Introduction......Page 371
28.3 Criticisms of the SM......Page 372
28.4 Grand unification theories (GUT)......Page 374
28.6 Supersymmetry and supergravity......Page 379
A1.1 Fields and creation operators......Page 383
A1.2 Parity, charge conjugation and G-parity......Page 387
A1.3 The S-matrix......Page 389
A2.1 Relation between S-matrix and Feynman amplitude......Page 391
A2.2 QCD and QED......Page 392
A2.3 The SM......Page 395
A2.4 Some examples of Feynman amplitudes......Page 397
A2.5 Colour sums......Page 399
A2.6 The Gell-Mann SU(3) matrices......Page 402
A2.7 The Fierz reshuffle theorem......Page 403
A2.8 Dimension of matrix elements......Page 404
Appendix 3 - Conserved vector currents and their charges......Page 405
Appendix 4 - Operator form of Feynman amplitudes and effective Hamiltonians......Page 410
Appendix 5 - S-matrix, T-matrix and Feynman amplitude......Page 414
Appendix 6 - Consequences of CPT invariance for matrix elements......Page 416
A7.1 Reactions with only quarks and gluons......Page 419
A7.2 Reactions with one photon......Page 423
A7.3 Reactions with two photons......Page 425
Appendix 8 - Euclidean space conventions......Page 427
References......Page 429
Analytic subject index for vols. 1 and 2......Page 437