Amphibian declines : a United States' response to the global phenomenon

CONTENTS......Page 8
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 10
ADVISORY BOARD......Page 12
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 14
PREFACE......Page 20
CONSERVATION ESSAYS......Page 24
INTRODUCTION......Page 25
Diverse Phenomena Influencing Amphibian Population Declines......Page 26
Why Are Some Species in Decline but Others Not?......Page 30
Philosophy, Value Judgments, and Declining Amphibians......Page 33
Embracing Human Diversity in Conservation......Page 38
Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force......Page 40
DECLINES......Page 45
Meeting the Challenge of Amphibian Declines with an Interdisciplinary Research Program......Page 46
Biology of Amphibian Declines......Page 51
Declines of Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders......Page 57
Decline of Northern Cricket Frogs......Page 70
Overwintering in Northern Cricket Frogs......Page 78
CAUSES......Page 82
Repercussions of Global Change......Page 83
Lessons from Europe......Page 87
Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs......Page 98
Ultraviolet Radiation......Page 110
Xenobiotics......Page 112
Variation in Pesticide Tolerance......Page 116
Lucké Renal Adenocarcinoma......Page 119
Malformed Frogs in Minnesota: History and Interspecific Differences......Page 126
Parasites of North American Frogs......Page 132
Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: A Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation......Page 147
Pine Silviculture......Page 162
Commercial Trade......Page 169
CONSERVATION......Page 172
Houston Toads and Texas Politics......Page 173
Amphibian Conservation Needs......Page 191
Amphibian Population Cycles and Long-Term Data Sets......Page 200
Landscape Ecology......Page 208
Conservation of Texas Spring and Cave Salamanders......Page 216
Lessons from the Tropics......Page 221
Taxonomy and Amphibian Declines......Page 229
Conservation Systematics: The Bufo boreas Species Group......Page 233
Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads......Page 245
Southwestern Desert Bufonids......Page 260
Amphibian Ecotoxicology......Page 264
Museum Collections......Page 267
Critical Areas......Page 270
Creating Habitat Reserves for Migratory Salamanders......Page 283
Population Manipulations......Page 288
Exotic Species......Page 294
Protecting Amphibians While Restoring Fish Populations......Page 298
Reflections Upon Amphibian Conservation......Page 300
SURVEYS AND MONITORING......Page 305
Distribution of South Dakota Anurans......Page 306
Nebraska’s Declining Amphibians......Page 315
Museum Collections Can Assess Population Trends......Page 318
Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park......Page 323
North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)......Page 330
Evaluating Calling Surveys......Page 337
Geographical Information Systems and Survey Designs......Page 343
Impacts of Forest Management on Amphibians......Page 349
Monitoring Pigment Pattern Morphs of Northern Leopard Frogs......Page 351
EDUCATION......Page 361
The National Amphibian Conservation Center......Page 362
Its Origins......Page 364
A PERSPECTIVE......Page 366
Of Men and Deformed Frogs: A Journalist’s Lament......Page 367
SPECIES ACCOUNTS......Page 372
Introduction......Page 374
Species List of U.S. Amphibians, in Alphabetical Order by Family......Page 390
Species with Terrestrial Eggs......Page 396
Species of U.S. Amphibians that Exhibit Some Form of Parental Care or Communal Nesting......Page 398
Genera or Species with Aquatic Egg, Larval, and Adult Life History Stages......Page 400
U.S. Amphibians that Breed in Seeps, Springs, or Small Streams......Page 401
Species of Amphibians Found in Caves......Page 402
List of Federally Listed Species......Page 403
ANURA......Page 404
CAUDATA......Page 624
Factors Implicated in Amphibian Population Declines in the United States......Page 938
CONCLUSION......Page 949
LITERATURE CITED......Page 950
INDEX......Page 1100